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Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France
Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France

Chapter XXX

Chapter 30 of Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France is here in full — 60 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France
Context Illustration Reading 1/12 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
HOW ROLAND SOUNDED HIS HORN Count Roland saw how grievously his people had suffered and spake thus to Oliver his comrade: "Dear comrade, you see how many brave men lie dead upon the ground.
Well may we mourn for Fair France, widowed as she is of so many valiant champions.
But why is our King not here?
O Oliver, my brother, what shall we do to send him tidings of our state?"
"I know not," answered Oliver.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France

Chapter XXX

Chapter 30 of Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France is here in full — 60 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/12 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
HOW ROLAND SOUNDED HIS HORN Count Roland saw how grievously his people had suffered and spake thus to Oliver his comrade: "Dear comrade, you see how many brave men lie dead upon the ground.
Line 2
Well may we mourn for Fair France, widowed as she is of so many valiant champions.
/wel meɪ wiː mɔːrn fɔːr fer fræns ˈwɪdoʊd æz ʃiː ɪz ʌv soʊ ˈmeni ˈvæl.jənt ˈtʃæmpiənz/
Line 3
But why is our King not here?
/bʌt waɪ ɪz ˈaʊər kɪŋ nɑːt hiːr/
Line 4
O Oliver, my brother, what shall we do to send him tidings of our state?"
/oʊ ˈɑːləvər maɪ ˈbrʌðər wʌt ʃæl wiː duː tuː send hɪm ˈtaɪdɪŋz ʌv ˈaʊər steɪt/
Line 5
"I know not," answered Oliver.
/aɪ noʊ nɑːt ˈænsərd ˈɑːləvər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

champions noun US /ˈtʃæmpiənz/

plural of “champion” — someone who has won first place in a competition

From this reading “Well may we mourn for Fair France, widowed as she is of so many valiant champions.”

comrade noun US /ˈkɑːmræd/

a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading “HOW ROLAND SOUNDED HIS HORN Count Roland saw how grievously his people had suffered and spake thus to Oliver his comrade: "Dear comrade, you see how many brave men lie dead upon the ground.”

grievously adverb US /ˈɡriːvəsli/

in a grievous manner

From this reading “HOW ROLAND SOUNDED HIS HORN Count Roland saw how grievously his people had suffered and spake thus to Oliver his comrade: "Dear comrade, you see how many brave men lie dead upon the ground.”

mourn verb US /mɔːrn/

feel sadness

From this reading “Well may we mourn for Fair France, widowed as she is of so many valiant champions.”

Oliver noun US /ˈɑːləvər/

United States jazz musician who influenced the style of Louis Armstrong (1885-1938)

From this reading “HOW ROLAND SOUNDED HIS HORN Count Roland saw how grievously his people had suffered and spake thus to Oliver his comrade: "Dear comrade, you see how many brave men lie dead upon the ground.”

tidings noun US /ˈtaɪdɪŋz/

information about recent and important events

From this reading “O Oliver, my brother, what shall we do to send him tidings of our state?"”

valiant adj US /ˈvæl.jənt/

Possessing or showing courage or determination; heroic. (Dũng cảm, quả cảm, anh hùng.)

From this reading “Well may we mourn for Fair France, widowed as she is of so many valiant champions.”

widowed adjective US /ˈwɪdoʊd/

single because of death of the spouse

From this reading “Well may we mourn for Fair France, widowed as she is of so many valiant champions.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

brave men adjective + noun

In this reading “HOW ROLAND SOUNDED HIS HORN Count Roland saw how grievously his people had suffered and spake thus to Oliver his comrade: "Dear comrade, you see how many brave men lie dead upon the ground.”

upon the ground preposition + article + noun counted as “upon … ground”

In this reading “HOW ROLAND SOUNDED HIS HORN Count Roland saw how grievously his people had suffered and spake thus to Oliver his comrade: "Dear comrade, you see how many brave men lie dead upon the ground.”

mourn for verb + particle

In this reading “Well may we mourn for Fair France, widowed as she is of so many valiant champions.”

lie dead verb + adjective

In this reading “HOW ROLAND SOUNDED HIS HORN Count Roland saw how grievously his people had suffered and spake thus to Oliver his comrade: "Dear comrade, you see how many brave men lie dead upon the ground.”

All words in this reading · 62

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading HOW ROLAND SOUNDED HIS HORN Count Roland saw how grievously his people had suffered and spake thus to Oliver his comrade: "Dear comrade, you see how many brave men lie dead upon the ground.

answeredverbUS /ˈænsərd/

past form of “answer” — react verbally

From this reading "I know not," answered Oliver.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Well may we mourn for Fair France, widowed as she is of so many valiant champions.

braveadjectiveUS /breɪv/

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading HOW ROLAND SOUNDED HIS HORN Count Roland saw how grievously his people had suffered and spake thus to Oliver his comrade: "Dear comrade, you see how many brave men lie dead upon the ground.

brothernounUS /ˈbrʌðər/

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading O Oliver, my brother, what shall we do to send him tidings of our state?"

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But why is our King not here?

championsnounUS /ˈtʃæmpiənz/

plural of “champion” — someone who has won first place in a competition

From this reading Well may we mourn for Fair France, widowed as she is of so many valiant champions.

comradenounUS /ˈkɑːmræd/

a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading HOW ROLAND SOUNDED HIS HORN Count Roland saw how grievously his people had suffered and spake thus to Oliver his comrade: "Dear comrade, you see how many brave men lie dead upon the ground.

CountverbUS /kaʊnt/

determine the number or amount of

From this reading HOW ROLAND SOUNDED HIS HORN Count Roland saw how grievously his people had suffered and spake thus to Oliver his comrade: "Dear comrade, you see how many brave men lie dead upon the ground.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading HOW ROLAND SOUNDED HIS HORN Count Roland saw how grievously his people had suffered and spake thus to Oliver his comrade: "Dear comrade, you see how many brave men lie dead upon the ground.

DearadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading HOW ROLAND SOUNDED HIS HORN Count Roland saw how grievously his people had suffered and spake thus to Oliver his comrade: "Dear comrade, you see how many brave men lie dead upon the ground.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading O Oliver, my brother, what shall we do to send him tidings of our state?"

FairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading Well may we mourn for Fair France, widowed as she is of so many valiant champions.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Well may we mourn for Fair France, widowed as she is of so many valiant champions.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading Well may we mourn for Fair France, widowed as she is of so many valiant champions.

grievouslyadverbUS /ˈɡriːvəsli/

in a grievous manner

From this reading HOW ROLAND SOUNDED HIS HORN Count Roland saw how grievously his people had suffered and spake thus to Oliver his comrade: "Dear comrade, you see how many brave men lie dead upon the ground.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading HOW ROLAND SOUNDED HIS HORN Count Roland saw how grievously his people had suffered and spake thus to Oliver his comrade: "Dear comrade, you see how many brave men lie dead upon the ground.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading HOW ROLAND SOUNDED HIS HORN Count Roland saw how grievously his people had suffered and spake thus to Oliver his comrade: "Dear comrade, you see how many brave men lie dead upon the ground.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading But why is our King not here?

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading O Oliver, my brother, what shall we do to send him tidings of our state?"

HISdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading HOW ROLAND SOUNDED HIS HORN Count Roland saw how grievously his people had suffered and spake thus to Oliver his comrade: "Dear comrade, you see how many brave men lie dead upon the ground.

HORNnounUS /hɔːrn/

a noisemaker (as at parties or games) that makes a loud noise when you blow through it

From this reading HOW ROLAND SOUNDED HIS HORN Count Roland saw how grievously his people had suffered and spake thus to Oliver his comrade: "Dear comrade, you see how many brave men lie dead upon the ground.

HOW

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW ROLAND SOUNDED HIS HORN Count Roland saw how grievously his people had suffered and spake thus to Oliver his comrade: "Dear comrade, you see how many brave men lie dead upon the ground.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "I know not," answered Oliver.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Well may we mourn for Fair France, widowed as she is of so many valiant champions.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading But why is our King not here?

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading "I know not," answered Oliver.

lieverbUS /laɪ/

be located or situated somewhere; occupy a certain position

From this reading HOW ROLAND SOUNDED HIS HORN Count Roland saw how grievously his people had suffered and spake thus to Oliver his comrade: "Dear comrade, you see how many brave men lie dead upon the ground.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading HOW ROLAND SOUNDED HIS HORN Count Roland saw how grievously his people had suffered and spake thus to Oliver his comrade: "Dear comrade, you see how many brave men lie dead upon the ground.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Well may we mourn for Fair France, widowed as she is of so many valiant champions.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading HOW ROLAND SOUNDED HIS HORN Count Roland saw how grievously his people had suffered and spake thus to Oliver his comrade: "Dear comrade, you see how many brave men lie dead upon the ground.

mournverbUS /mɔːrn/

feel sadness

From this reading Well may we mourn for Fair France, widowed as she is of so many valiant champions.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading O Oliver, my brother, what shall we do to send him tidings of our state?"

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading But why is our King not here?

OnounUS /oʊ/

a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust

From this reading O Oliver, my brother, what shall we do to send him tidings of our state?"

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Well may we mourn for Fair France, widowed as she is of so many valiant champions.

OlivernounUS /ˈɑːləvər/

United States jazz musician who influenced the style of Louis Armstrong (1885-1938)

From this reading HOW ROLAND SOUNDED HIS HORN Count Roland saw how grievously his people had suffered and spake thus to Oliver his comrade: "Dear comrade, you see how many brave men lie dead upon the ground.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading But why is our King not here?

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading HOW ROLAND SOUNDED HIS HORN Count Roland saw how grievously his people had suffered and spake thus to Oliver his comrade: "Dear comrade, you see how many brave men lie dead upon the ground.

ROLAND

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW ROLAND SOUNDED HIS HORN Count Roland saw how grievously his people had suffered and spake thus to Oliver his comrade: "Dear comrade, you see how many brave men lie dead upon the ground.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading HOW ROLAND SOUNDED HIS HORN Count Roland saw how grievously his people had suffered and spake thus to Oliver his comrade: "Dear comrade, you see how many brave men lie dead upon the ground.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading HOW ROLAND SOUNDED HIS HORN Count Roland saw how grievously his people had suffered and spake thus to Oliver his comrade: "Dear comrade, you see how many brave men lie dead upon the ground.

sendverbUS /send/

cause to go somewhere

From this reading O Oliver, my brother, what shall we do to send him tidings of our state?"

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading O Oliver, my brother, what shall we do to send him tidings of our state?"

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Well may we mourn for Fair France, widowed as she is of so many valiant champions.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Well may we mourn for Fair France, widowed as she is of so many valiant champions.

SOUNDEDverbUS /ˈsaʊndɪd/

past form of “sound” — appear in a certain way

From this reading HOW ROLAND SOUNDED HIS HORN Count Roland saw how grievously his people had suffered and spake thus to Oliver his comrade: "Dear comrade, you see how many brave men lie dead upon the ground.

spake

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW ROLAND SOUNDED HIS HORN Count Roland saw how grievously his people had suffered and spake thus to Oliver his comrade: "Dear comrade, you see how many brave men lie dead upon the ground.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading O Oliver, my brother, what shall we do to send him tidings of our state?"

sufferedverbUS /ˈsʌfərd/

past form of “suffer” — undergo or be subjected to

From this reading HOW ROLAND SOUNDED HIS HORN Count Roland saw how grievously his people had suffered and spake thus to Oliver his comrade: "Dear comrade, you see how many brave men lie dead upon the ground.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading HOW ROLAND SOUNDED HIS HORN Count Roland saw how grievously his people had suffered and spake thus to Oliver his comrade: "Dear comrade, you see how many brave men lie dead upon the ground.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading HOW ROLAND SOUNDED HIS HORN Count Roland saw how grievously his people had suffered and spake thus to Oliver his comrade: "Dear comrade, you see how many brave men lie dead upon the ground.

tidingsnounUS /ˈtaɪdɪŋz/

information about recent and important events

From this reading O Oliver, my brother, what shall we do to send him tidings of our state?"

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading HOW ROLAND SOUNDED HIS HORN Count Roland saw how grievously his people had suffered and spake thus to Oliver his comrade: "Dear comrade, you see how many brave men lie dead upon the ground.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading HOW ROLAND SOUNDED HIS HORN Count Roland saw how grievously his people had suffered and spake thus to Oliver his comrade: "Dear comrade, you see how many brave men lie dead upon the ground.

valiantadjUS /ˈvæl.jənt/

Possessing or showing courage or determination; heroic. (Dũng cảm, quả cảm, anh hùng.)

From this reading Well may we mourn for Fair France, widowed as she is of so many valiant champions.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Well may we mourn for Fair France, widowed as she is of so many valiant champions.

WelladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Well may we mourn for Fair France, widowed as she is of so many valiant champions.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading O Oliver, my brother, what shall we do to send him tidings of our state?"

whynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading But why is our King not here?

widowedadjectiveUS /ˈwɪdoʊd/

single because of death of the spouse

From this reading Well may we mourn for Fair France, widowed as she is of so many valiant champions.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading HOW ROLAND SOUNDED HIS HORN Count Roland saw how grievously his people had suffered and spake thus to Oliver his comrade: "Dear comrade, you see how many brave men lie dead upon the ground.

Chapter 30 of Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France by Alfred John Church holds 60 sentences, grouped into 12 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 30 of Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France contain?

Chapter 30 holds 60 sentences of Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, unabridged, divided into 12 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 30 of Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France by Alfred John Church exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 60 sentences, grouped into 12 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 30 of Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France?

Work through the 12 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 12 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 30 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 30 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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Vocabulary met early in Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France

Words and structures a reader meets early in Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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