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Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France
Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France is here in full — 71 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France
Context Illustration Reading 1/14 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
HOW OLIVER WAS SLAIN Count Roland looked round on the mountain-sides and on the plains.
Alas! how many noble sons of France he saw lying dead upon them!
"Dear friends," he said, weeping as he spoke, "may God have mercy on you and receive you into His Paradise!
More loyal followers have I never seen.
How is the fair land of France widowed of her bravest, and I can give you no help.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France is here in full — 71 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/14 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
HOW OLIVER WAS SLAIN Count Roland looked round on the mountain-sides and on the plains.
Line 2
Alas! how many noble sons of France he saw lying dead upon them!
Line 3
"Dear friends," he said, weeping as he spoke, "may God have mercy on you and receive you into His Paradise!
/dɪr frendz hiː sed ˈwiːpɪŋ æz hiː spoʊk meɪ ɡɑːd hæv ˈmɜːrsi ɑːn juː ənd rəˈsiːv juː ˈɪntuː hɪz ˈperədaɪs/
Line 4
More loyal followers have I never seen.
/mɔːr ˈlɔɪəl ˈfɑːloʊərz hæv aɪ ˈnevər siːn/
Line 5
How is the fair land of France widowed of her bravest, and I can give you no help.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bravest adjective US /ˈbreɪvəst/

superlative of “brave” — possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading “How is the fair land of France widowed of her bravest, and I can give you no help.”

followers noun US /ˈfɑːloʊərz/

a group of followers or enthusiasts

From this reading “More loyal followers have I never seen.”

loyal adjective US /ˈlɔɪəl/

steadfast in allegiance or duty

From this reading “More loyal followers have I never seen.”

oliver noun US /ˈɑːləvər/

United States jazz musician who influenced the style of Louis Armstrong (1885-1938)

From this reading “HOW OLIVER WAS SLAIN Count Roland looked round on the mountain-sides and on the plains.”

Paradise noun US /ˈperədaɪs/

any place of complete bliss and delight and peace

From this reading “"Dear friends," he said, weeping as he spoke, "may God have mercy on you and receive you into His Paradise!”

plains noun US /pleɪnz/

plural of “plain” — extensive tract of level open land

From this reading “HOW OLIVER WAS SLAIN Count Roland looked round on the mountain-sides and on the plains.”

slain noun US /sleɪn/

people who have been slain (as in battle)

From this reading “HOW OLIVER WAS SLAIN Count Roland looked round on the mountain-sides and on the plains.”

widowed adjective US /ˈwɪdoʊd/

single because of death of the spouse

From this reading “How is the fair land of France widowed of her bravest, and I can give you no help.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Dear friends adjective + noun counted as “dear friend”

In this reading “"Dear friends," he said, weeping as he spoke, "may God have mercy on you and receive you into His Paradise!”

looked round verb + noun counted as “look round”

In this reading “HOW OLIVER WAS SLAIN Count Roland looked round on the mountain-sides and on the plains.”

All words in this reading · 56

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AlasexclamationUS /əˈlæs/

used to show sadness, pity, or regret

From this reading Alas! how many noble sons of France he saw lying dead upon them!

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading HOW OLIVER WAS SLAIN Count Roland looked round on the mountain-sides and on the plains.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading "Dear friends," he said, weeping as he spoke, "may God have mercy on you and receive you into His Paradise!

bravestadjectiveUS /ˈbreɪvəst/

superlative of “brave” — possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading How is the fair land of France widowed of her bravest, and I can give you no help.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading How is the fair land of France widowed of her bravest, and I can give you no help.

CountverbUS /kaʊnt/

determine the number or amount of

From this reading HOW OLIVER WAS SLAIN Count Roland looked round on the mountain-sides and on the plains.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading Alas! how many noble sons of France he saw lying dead upon them!

DearadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading "Dear friends," he said, weeping as he spoke, "may God have mercy on you and receive you into His Paradise!

fairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading How is the fair land of France widowed of her bravest, and I can give you no help.

followersnounUS /ˈfɑːloʊərz/

a group of followers or enthusiasts

From this reading More loyal followers have I never seen.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading Alas! how many noble sons of France he saw lying dead upon them!

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading "Dear friends," he said, weeping as he spoke, "may God have mercy on you and receive you into His Paradise!

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading How is the fair land of France widowed of her bravest, and I can give you no help.

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading "Dear friends," he said, weeping as he spoke, "may God have mercy on you and receive you into His Paradise!

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading "Dear friends," he said, weeping as he spoke, "may God have mercy on you and receive you into His Paradise!

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Alas! how many noble sons of France he saw lying dead upon them!

helpverbUS /help/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading How is the fair land of France widowed of her bravest, and I can give you no help.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading How is the fair land of France widowed of her bravest, and I can give you no help.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading "Dear friends," he said, weeping as he spoke, "may God have mercy on you and receive you into His Paradise!

HOW

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW OLIVER WAS SLAIN Count Roland looked round on the mountain-sides and on the plains.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading More loyal followers have I never seen.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading "Dear friends," he said, weeping as he spoke, "may God have mercy on you and receive you into His Paradise!

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading How is the fair land of France widowed of her bravest, and I can give you no help.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading How is the fair land of France widowed of her bravest, and I can give you no help.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading HOW OLIVER WAS SLAIN Count Roland looked round on the mountain-sides and on the plains.

loyaladjectiveUS /ˈlɔɪəl/

steadfast in allegiance or duty

From this reading More loyal followers have I never seen.

lyingnounUS /ˈlaɪɪŋ/

the deliberate act of deviating from the truth

From this reading Alas! how many noble sons of France he saw lying dead upon them!

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Alas! how many noble sons of France he saw lying dead upon them!

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading "Dear friends," he said, weeping as he spoke, "may God have mercy on you and receive you into His Paradise!

mercynounUS /ˈmɜːrsi/

leniency and compassion shown toward offenders by a person or agency charged with administering justice

From this reading "Dear friends," he said, weeping as he spoke, "may God have mercy on you and receive you into His Paradise!

MoreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading More loyal followers have I never seen.

mountain-sides

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW OLIVER WAS SLAIN Count Roland looked round on the mountain-sides and on the plains.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading More loyal followers have I never seen.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading How is the fair land of France widowed of her bravest, and I can give you no help.

nobleadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊbəl/

impressive in appearance

From this reading Alas! how many noble sons of France he saw lying dead upon them!

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Alas! how many noble sons of France he saw lying dead upon them!

OLIVERnounUS /ˈɑːləvər/

United States jazz musician who influenced the style of Louis Armstrong (1885-1938)

From this reading HOW OLIVER WAS SLAIN Count Roland looked round on the mountain-sides and on the plains.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading HOW OLIVER WAS SLAIN Count Roland looked round on the mountain-sides and on the plains.

ParadisenounUS /ˈperədaɪs/

any place of complete bliss and delight and peace

From this reading "Dear friends," he said, weeping as he spoke, "may God have mercy on you and receive you into His Paradise!

plainsnounUS /pleɪnz/

plural of “plain” — extensive tract of level open land

From this reading HOW OLIVER WAS SLAIN Count Roland looked round on the mountain-sides and on the plains.

receiveverbUS /rəˈsiːv/

get something; come into possession of

From this reading "Dear friends," he said, weeping as he spoke, "may God have mercy on you and receive you into His Paradise!

Roland

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW OLIVER WAS SLAIN Count Roland looked round on the mountain-sides and on the plains.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading HOW OLIVER WAS SLAIN Count Roland looked round on the mountain-sides and on the plains.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading "Dear friends," he said, weeping as he spoke, "may God have mercy on you and receive you into His Paradise!

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading Alas! how many noble sons of France he saw lying dead upon them!

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading More loyal followers have I never seen.

SLAINnounUS /sleɪn/

people who have been slain (as in battle)

From this reading HOW OLIVER WAS SLAIN Count Roland looked round on the mountain-sides and on the plains.

sonsnounUS /sʌnz/

plural of “son” — a male human offspring

From this reading Alas! how many noble sons of France he saw lying dead upon them!

spokenounUS /spoʊk/

support consisting of a radial member of a wheel joining the hub to the rim

From this reading "Dear friends," he said, weeping as he spoke, "may God have mercy on you and receive you into His Paradise!

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading HOW OLIVER WAS SLAIN Count Roland looked round on the mountain-sides and on the plains.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Alas! how many noble sons of France he saw lying dead upon them!

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Alas! how many noble sons of France he saw lying dead upon them!

WASauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading HOW OLIVER WAS SLAIN Count Roland looked round on the mountain-sides and on the plains.

weepingadjectiveUS /ˈwiːpɪŋ/

showing sorrow

From this reading "Dear friends," he said, weeping as he spoke, "may God have mercy on you and receive you into His Paradise!

widowedadjectiveUS /ˈwɪdoʊd/

single because of death of the spouse

From this reading How is the fair land of France widowed of her bravest, and I can give you no help.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "Dear friends," he said, weeping as he spoke, "may God have mercy on you and receive you into His Paradise!

Chapter 31 of Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France by Alfred John Church holds 71 sentences, grouped into 15 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France contain?

Chapter 31 holds 71 sentences of Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, unabridged, divided into 15 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France by Alfred John Church exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 71 sentences, grouped into 15 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France?

Work through the 15 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 15 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France by Alfred John Church on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France

Words and structures a reader meets early in Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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