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Stories of grit
Stories of grit

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of Stories of grit is here in full — 103 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/20 · 5 lines
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A SHOEMAKER'S APPRENTICE WHO BECAME A GREAT SCHOLAR.
On the last day of November, 1852, a lad was born near the village of Llangernyw, in Denbigshire, Wales.
The proud father, who was the village shoemaker, took the baby to church that same day, and there he was baptized--Henry Jones.
Young Henry's parents were poor, and his grandparents were if anything, poorer.
His grandfather worked on the estate of the local squire, and as he grew older his wages were repeatedly reduced, until he was receiving only four shillings a week.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Stories of grit

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of Stories of grit is here in full — 103 sentences across 21 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/20 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A SHOEMAKER'S APPRENTICE WHO BECAME A GREAT SCHOLAR.
Line 2
On the last day of November, 1852, a lad was born near the village of Llangernyw, in Denbigshire, Wales.
Line 3
The proud father, who was the village shoemaker, took the baby to church that same day, and there he was baptized--Henry Jones.
Line 4
Young Henry's parents were poor, and his grandparents were if anything, poorer.
/jʌŋ ˈhenriz ˈperənts wɜːr puːr ənd hɪz ˈɡrændperənts wɜːr ɪf ˈeniθɪŋ ˈpuːrər/
Line 5
His grandfather worked on the estate of the local squire, and as he grew older his wages were repeatedly reduced, until he was receiving only four shillings a week.
/hɪz ˈɡrændfɑːðər wɜːrkt ɑːn ðə ɪˈsteɪt ʌv ðə ˈloʊkəl skwaɪr ənd æz hiː ɡruː ˈoʊldər hɪz ˈweɪdʒəz wɜːr rɪˈpiːtɪdli rəˈduːst ənˈtɪl hiː wɑːz rəˈsiːvɪŋ ˈoʊnli fɔːr ˈʃɪlɪŋz ə wiːk/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

apprentice noun US /əˈprentəs/

works for an expert to learn a trade

From this reading “A SHOEMAKER'S APPRENTICE WHO BECAME A GREAT SCHOLAR.”

baptized adjective US /bæpˈtaɪzd/

having undergone the Christian ritual of baptism

From this reading “The proud father, who was the village shoemaker, took the baby to church that same day, and there he was baptized--Henry Jones.”

grandparents noun US /ˈɡrændperənts/

plural of “grandparent” — a parent of your father or mother

From this reading “Young Henry's parents were poor, and his grandparents were if anything, poorer.”

Henry's noun US /ˈhenriz/

possessive form of “henry” — a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading “Young Henry's parents were poor, and his grandparents were if anything, poorer.”

poorer adjective US /ˈpuːrər/

comparative of “poor” — deserving or inciting pity

From this reading “Young Henry's parents were poor, and his grandparents were if anything, poorer.”

repeatedly adverb US /rɪˈpiːtɪdli/

several time

From this reading “His grandfather worked on the estate of the local squire, and as he grew older his wages were repeatedly reduced, until he was receiving only four shillings a week.”

shoemaker noun US /ˈʃuːmeɪkər/

a person who makes or repairs shoes

From this reading “A SHOEMAKER'S APPRENTICE WHO BECAME A GREAT SCHOLAR.”

Wales noun US /weɪlz/

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; during Roman times the region was known as Cambria

From this reading “On the last day of November, 1852, a lad was born near the village of Llangernyw, in Denbigshire, Wales.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

grew older verb + adjective counted as “grow older”

In this reading “His grandfather worked on the estate of the local squire, and as he grew older his wages were repeatedly reduced, until he was receiving only four shillings a week.”

four shillings noun + noun counted as “four shilling”

In this reading “His grandfather worked on the estate of the local squire, and as he grew older his wages were repeatedly reduced, until he was receiving only four shillings a week.”

GREAT SCHOLAR adjective + noun

In this reading “A SHOEMAKER'S APPRENTICE WHO BECAME A GREAT SCHOLAR.”

same day adjective + noun

In this reading “The proud father, who was the village shoemaker, took the baby to church that same day, and there he was baptized--Henry Jones.”

last day adjective + noun

(New Testament) day at the end of time following Armageddon when God will decree the fates of all individual humans according to the good and evil of their earthly lives

In this reading “On the last day of November, 1852, a lad was born near the village of Llangernyw, in Denbigshire, Wales.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1852

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the last day of November, 1852, a lad was born near the village of Llangernyw, in Denbigshire, Wales.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A SHOEMAKER'S APPRENTICE WHO BECAME A GREAT SCHOLAR.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The proud father, who was the village shoemaker, took the baby to church that same day, and there he was baptized--Henry Jones.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading Young Henry's parents were poor, and his grandparents were if anything, poorer.

APPRENTICEnounUS /əˈprentəs/

works for an expert to learn a trade

From this reading A SHOEMAKER'S APPRENTICE WHO BECAME A GREAT SCHOLAR.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading His grandfather worked on the estate of the local squire, and as he grew older his wages were repeatedly reduced, until he was receiving only four shillings a week.

babynounUS /ˈbeɪbi/

a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk

From this reading The proud father, who was the village shoemaker, took the baby to church that same day, and there he was baptized--Henry Jones.

baptizedadjectiveUS /bæpˈtaɪzd/

having undergone the Christian ritual of baptism

From this reading The proud father, who was the village shoemaker, took the baby to church that same day, and there he was baptized--Henry Jones.

BECAMEverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading A SHOEMAKER'S APPRENTICE WHO BECAME A GREAT SCHOLAR.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading On the last day of November, 1852, a lad was born near the village of Llangernyw, in Denbigshire, Wales.

churchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading The proud father, who was the village shoemaker, took the baby to church that same day, and there he was baptized--Henry Jones.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading On the last day of November, 1852, a lad was born near the village of Llangernyw, in Denbigshire, Wales.

Denbigshire

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the last day of November, 1852, a lad was born near the village of Llangernyw, in Denbigshire, Wales.

estatenounUS /ɪˈsteɪt/

everything you own; all of your assets (whether real property or personal property) and liabilities

From this reading His grandfather worked on the estate of the local squire, and as he grew older his wages were repeatedly reduced, until he was receiving only four shillings a week.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading The proud father, who was the village shoemaker, took the baby to church that same day, and there he was baptized--Henry Jones.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading His grandfather worked on the estate of the local squire, and as he grew older his wages were repeatedly reduced, until he was receiving only four shillings a week.

grandfathernounUS /ˈɡrændfɑːðər/

the father of your father or mother

From this reading His grandfather worked on the estate of the local squire, and as he grew older his wages were repeatedly reduced, until he was receiving only four shillings a week.

grandparentsnounUS /ˈɡrændperənts/

plural of “grandparent” — a parent of your father or mother

From this reading Young Henry's parents were poor, and his grandparents were if anything, poorer.

GREATadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading A SHOEMAKER'S APPRENTICE WHO BECAME A GREAT SCHOLAR.

grewverbUS /ɡruː/

inflected form of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading His grandfather worked on the estate of the local squire, and as he grew older his wages were repeatedly reduced, until he was receiving only four shillings a week.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The proud father, who was the village shoemaker, took the baby to church that same day, and there he was baptized--Henry Jones.

HenrynounUS /ˈhenri/

a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading The proud father, who was the village shoemaker, took the baby to church that same day, and there he was baptized--Henry Jones.

Henry'snounUS /ˈhenriz/

possessive form of “henry” — a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading Young Henry's parents were poor, and his grandparents were if anything, poorer.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Young Henry's parents were poor, and his grandparents were if anything, poorer.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Young Henry's parents were poor, and his grandparents were if anything, poorer.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading On the last day of November, 1852, a lad was born near the village of Llangernyw, in Denbigshire, Wales.

JonesnounUS /dʒoʊnz/

United States labor leader (born in Ireland) who helped to found the Industrial Workers of the World (1830-1930)

From this reading The proud father, who was the village shoemaker, took the baby to church that same day, and there he was baptized--Henry Jones.

ladnounUS /læd/

a boy or man

From this reading On the last day of November, 1852, a lad was born near the village of Llangernyw, in Denbigshire, Wales.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading On the last day of November, 1852, a lad was born near the village of Llangernyw, in Denbigshire, Wales.

Llangernyw

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the last day of November, 1852, a lad was born near the village of Llangernyw, in Denbigshire, Wales.

localadjectiveUS /ˈloʊkəl/

relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area

From this reading His grandfather worked on the estate of the local squire, and as he grew older his wages were repeatedly reduced, until he was receiving only four shillings a week.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading On the last day of November, 1852, a lad was born near the village of Llangernyw, in Denbigshire, Wales.

NovembernounUS /noʊˈvembər/

the month following October and preceding December

From this reading On the last day of November, 1852, a lad was born near the village of Llangernyw, in Denbigshire, Wales.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading On the last day of November, 1852, a lad was born near the village of Llangernyw, in Denbigshire, Wales.

olderadjectiveUS /ˈoʊldər/

advanced in years; (“aged” is pronounced as two syllables)

From this reading His grandfather worked on the estate of the local squire, and as he grew older his wages were repeatedly reduced, until he was receiving only four shillings a week.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On the last day of November, 1852, a lad was born near the village of Llangernyw, in Denbigshire, Wales.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading His grandfather worked on the estate of the local squire, and as he grew older his wages were repeatedly reduced, until he was receiving only four shillings a week.

parentsnounUS /ˈperənts/

plural of “parent” — a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian

From this reading Young Henry's parents were poor, and his grandparents were if anything, poorer.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Young Henry's parents were poor, and his grandparents were if anything, poorer.

pooreradjectiveUS /ˈpuːrər/

comparative of “poor” — deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Young Henry's parents were poor, and his grandparents were if anything, poorer.

proudadjectiveUS /praʊd/

feeling self-respect or pleasure in something by which you measure your self-worth; or being a reason for pride

From this reading The proud father, who was the village shoemaker, took the baby to church that same day, and there he was baptized--Henry Jones.

receivingverbUS /rəˈsiːvɪŋ/

-ing form of “receive” — get something; come into possession of

From this reading His grandfather worked on the estate of the local squire, and as he grew older his wages were repeatedly reduced, until he was receiving only four shillings a week.

reducedadjectiveUS /rəˈduːst/

made less in size or amount or degree

From this reading His grandfather worked on the estate of the local squire, and as he grew older his wages were repeatedly reduced, until he was receiving only four shillings a week.

repeatedlyadverbUS /rɪˈpiːtɪdli/

several time

From this reading His grandfather worked on the estate of the local squire, and as he grew older his wages were repeatedly reduced, until he was receiving only four shillings a week.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading The proud father, who was the village shoemaker, took the baby to church that same day, and there he was baptized--Henry Jones.

SCHOLARnounUS /ˈskɒl.ər/

A specialist in a particular branch of study; a distinguished student.

From this reading A SHOEMAKER'S APPRENTICE WHO BECAME A GREAT SCHOLAR.

shillingsnounUS /ˈʃɪlɪŋz/

plural of “shilling” — the basic unit of money in Uganda; equal to 100 cents

From this reading His grandfather worked on the estate of the local squire, and as he grew older his wages were repeatedly reduced, until he was receiving only four shillings a week.

shoemakernounUS /ˈʃuːmeɪkər/

a person who makes or repairs shoes

From this reading The proud father, who was the village shoemaker, took the baby to church that same day, and there he was baptized--Henry Jones.

SHOEMAKER'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A SHOEMAKER'S APPRENTICE WHO BECAME A GREAT SCHOLAR.

squirenounUS /skwaɪr/

young nobleman attendant on a knight

From this reading His grandfather worked on the estate of the local squire, and as he grew older his wages were repeatedly reduced, until he was receiving only four shillings a week.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The proud father, who was the village shoemaker, took the baby to church that same day, and there he was baptized--Henry Jones.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading On the last day of November, 1852, a lad was born near the village of Llangernyw, in Denbigshire, Wales.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The proud father, who was the village shoemaker, took the baby to church that same day, and there he was baptized--Henry Jones.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The proud father, who was the village shoemaker, took the baby to church that same day, and there he was baptized--Henry Jones.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading The proud father, who was the village shoemaker, took the baby to church that same day, and there he was baptized--Henry Jones.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading His grandfather worked on the estate of the local squire, and as he grew older his wages were repeatedly reduced, until he was receiving only four shillings a week.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading On the last day of November, 1852, a lad was born near the village of Llangernyw, in Denbigshire, Wales.

wagesnounUS /ˈweɪdʒəz/

a recompense for worthy acts or retribution for wrongdoing

From this reading His grandfather worked on the estate of the local squire, and as he grew older his wages were repeatedly reduced, until he was receiving only four shillings a week.

WalesnounUS /weɪlz/

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; during Roman times the region was known as Cambria

From this reading On the last day of November, 1852, a lad was born near the village of Llangernyw, in Denbigshire, Wales.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading On the last day of November, 1852, a lad was born near the village of Llangernyw, in Denbigshire, Wales.

weeknounUS /wiːk/

any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading His grandfather worked on the estate of the local squire, and as he grew older his wages were repeatedly reduced, until he was receiving only four shillings a week.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Young Henry's parents were poor, and his grandparents were if anything, poorer.

WHOpronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading A SHOEMAKER'S APPRENTICE WHO BECAME A GREAT SCHOLAR.

workedverbUS /wɜːrkt/

past form of “work” — exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading His grandfather worked on the estate of the local squire, and as he grew older his wages were repeatedly reduced, until he was receiving only four shillings a week.

YoungadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Young Henry's parents were poor, and his grandparents were if anything, poorer.

Chapter 7 of Stories of grit by Archer Wallace holds 103 sentences, grouped into 21 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Stories of grit contain?

Chapter 7 holds 103 sentences of Stories of grit, unabridged, divided into 21 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Stories of grit by Archer Wallace exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 103 sentences, grouped into 21 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Stories of grit?

Work through the 21 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 21 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Vocabulary met early in Stories of grit

Words and structures a reader meets early in Stories of grit, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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