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Stradella
Stradella

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Stradella is here in full — 106 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/21 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The Nuncio departed amidst a tremendous clatter of hoofs and rumbling of wheels, after being accompanied to his coach by the Legate of Ferrara himself.
The second coach was occupied by his chaplains, and a third by his body-servants; in his own he took only his secretary; each vehicle carried a part of his voluminous luggage.
After the coaches rode the footmen, mounted on all sorts of beasts, such as could be had, but wearing good liveries and all well armed.
A dozen papal troopers commanded by a sergeant brought up the rear.
The wizened little Legate bowed to the ground as the noisy procession started, for though he wore a clerical dress he was only a layman, and the Nuncio was Archbishop of Kerasund, 'in partibus infidelium,' and returned the Governor's salutations with a magnificent benediction from the window of his coach.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Stradella

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Stradella is here in full — 106 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The Nuncio departed amidst a tremendous clatter of hoofs and rumbling of wheels, after being accompanied to his coach by the Legate of Ferrara himself.
/ðə ˈnʌnsioʊ dɪˈpɑːrtɪd əˈmɪdst ə trəˈmendəs ˈklætər ʌv hʊfs ənd ˈrʌmbəlɪŋ ʌv wiːlz ˈæftər ˈbiːɪŋ əˈkʌmpənid tuː hɪz koʊtʃ baɪ ðə ˈleɡət ʌv fərˈɑːrə hɪmˈself/
Line 2
The second coach was occupied by his chaplains, and a third by his body-servants; in his own he took only his secretary; each vehicle carried a part of his voluminous luggage.
Line 3
After the coaches rode the footmen, mounted on all sorts of beasts, such as could be had, but wearing good liveries and all well armed.
Line 4
A dozen papal troopers commanded by a sergeant brought up the rear.
/ə ˈdʌzən ˈpeɪpəl ˈtruːpərz kəˈmændɪd baɪ ə ˈsɑːrdʒənt brɔːt ʌp ðə rɪr/
Line 5
The wizened little Legate bowed to the ground as the noisy procession started, for though he wore a clerical dress he was only a layman, and the Nuncio was Archbishop of Kerasund, 'in partibus infidelium,' and returned the Governor's salutations with a magnificent benediction from the window of his coach.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

chaplains noun US /ˈtʃæplənz/

plural of “chaplain” — a clergyman ministering to some institution

From this reading “The second coach was occupied by his chaplains, and a third by his body-servants; in his own he took only his secretary; each vehicle carried a part of his voluminous luggage.”

Ferrara noun US /fərˈɑːrə/

a city in northern Italy

From this reading “The Nuncio departed amidst a tremendous clatter of hoofs and rumbling of wheels, after being accompanied to his coach by the Legate of Ferrara himself.”

layman noun US /ˈleɪmən/

someone who is not a clergyman or a professional person

From this reading “The wizened little Legate bowed to the ground as the noisy procession started, for though he wore a clerical dress he was only a layman, and the Nuncio was Archbishop of Kerasund, 'in partibus infidelium,' and returned the Governor's salutations with a magnificent benediction from the window of his coach.”

Legate noun US /ˈleɡət/

a member of a legation

From this reading “The Nuncio departed amidst a tremendous clatter of hoofs and rumbling of wheels, after being accompanied to his coach by the Legate of Ferrara himself.”

Nuncio noun US /ˈnʌnsioʊ/

(Roman Catholic Church) a diplomatic representative of the Pope having ambassadorial status

From this reading “The Nuncio departed amidst a tremendous clatter of hoofs and rumbling of wheels, after being accompanied to his coach by the Legate of Ferrara himself.”

papal adjective US /ˈpeɪpəl/

proceeding from or ordered by or subject to a pope or the papacy regarded as the successor of the Apostles

From this reading “A dozen papal troopers commanded by a sergeant brought up the rear.”

voluminous adjective US /vəˈluːmənəs/

large in volume or bulk

From this reading “The second coach was occupied by his chaplains, and a third by his body-servants; in his own he took only his secretary; each vehicle carried a part of his voluminous luggage.”

wizened adjective US /ˈwaɪzənd/

lean and wrinkled by shrinkage as from age or illness

From this reading “The wizened little Legate bowed to the ground as the noisy procession started, for though he wore a clerical dress he was only a layman, and the Nuncio was Archbishop of Kerasund, 'in partibus infidelium,' and returned the Governor's salutations with a magnificent benediction from the window of his coach.”

All words in this reading · 92

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The Nuncio departed amidst a tremendous clatter of hoofs and rumbling of wheels, after being accompanied to his coach by the Legate of Ferrara himself.

accompaniedadjectiveUS /əˈkʌmpənid/

having companions or an escort

From this reading The Nuncio departed amidst a tremendous clatter of hoofs and rumbling of wheels, after being accompanied to his coach by the Legate of Ferrara himself.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading The Nuncio departed amidst a tremendous clatter of hoofs and rumbling of wheels, after being accompanied to his coach by the Legate of Ferrara himself.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading After the coaches rode the footmen, mounted on all sorts of beasts, such as could be had, but wearing good liveries and all well armed.

amidstprepositionUS /əˈmɪdst/

in the middle of; surrounded by

From this reading The Nuncio departed amidst a tremendous clatter of hoofs and rumbling of wheels, after being accompanied to his coach by the Legate of Ferrara himself.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The Nuncio departed amidst a tremendous clatter of hoofs and rumbling of wheels, after being accompanied to his coach by the Legate of Ferrara himself.

ArchbishopnounUS /ˈɑːrtʃˈbɪʃəp/

a bishop of highest rank

From this reading The wizened little Legate bowed to the ground as the noisy procession started, for though he wore a clerical dress he was only a layman, and the Nuncio was Archbishop of Kerasund, 'in partibus infidelium,' and returned the Governor's salutations with a magnificent benediction from the window of his coach.

armedadjectiveUS /ɑːrmd/

(used of persons or the military) characterized by having or bearing arms

From this reading After the coaches rode the footmen, mounted on all sorts of beasts, such as could be had, but wearing good liveries and all well armed.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading After the coaches rode the footmen, mounted on all sorts of beasts, such as could be had, but wearing good liveries and all well armed.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading After the coaches rode the footmen, mounted on all sorts of beasts, such as could be had, but wearing good liveries and all well armed.

beastsnounUS /biːsts/

plural of “beast” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading After the coaches rode the footmen, mounted on all sorts of beasts, such as could be had, but wearing good liveries and all well armed.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The Nuncio departed amidst a tremendous clatter of hoofs and rumbling of wheels, after being accompanied to his coach by the Legate of Ferrara himself.

benedictionnounUS /ˌbenəˈdɪkʃən/

the act of praying for divine protection

From this reading The wizened little Legate bowed to the ground as the noisy procession started, for though he wore a clerical dress he was only a layman, and the Nuncio was Archbishop of Kerasund, 'in partibus infidelium,' and returned the Governor's salutations with a magnificent benediction from the window of his coach.

body-servants

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The second coach was occupied by his chaplains, and a third by his body-servants; in his own he took only his secretary; each vehicle carried a part of his voluminous luggage.

bowedadjectiveUS /baʊd/

of a stringed instrument; sounded by stroking with a bow

From this reading The wizened little Legate bowed to the ground as the noisy procession started, for though he wore a clerical dress he was only a layman, and the Nuncio was Archbishop of Kerasund, 'in partibus infidelium,' and returned the Governor's salutations with a magnificent benediction from the window of his coach.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading A dozen papal troopers commanded by a sergeant brought up the rear.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading After the coaches rode the footmen, mounted on all sorts of beasts, such as could be had, but wearing good liveries and all well armed.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The Nuncio departed amidst a tremendous clatter of hoofs and rumbling of wheels, after being accompanied to his coach by the Legate of Ferrara himself.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading The second coach was occupied by his chaplains, and a third by his body-servants; in his own he took only his secretary; each vehicle carried a part of his voluminous luggage.

chaplainsnounUS /ˈtʃæplənz/

plural of “chaplain” — a clergyman ministering to some institution

From this reading The second coach was occupied by his chaplains, and a third by his body-servants; in his own he took only his secretary; each vehicle carried a part of his voluminous luggage.

clatternounUS /ˈklætər/

a rattling noise (often produced by rapid movement)

From this reading The Nuncio departed amidst a tremendous clatter of hoofs and rumbling of wheels, after being accompanied to his coach by the Legate of Ferrara himself.

clericaladjectiveUS /ˈklerəkəl/

of or relating to clerks

From this reading The wizened little Legate bowed to the ground as the noisy procession started, for though he wore a clerical dress he was only a layman, and the Nuncio was Archbishop of Kerasund, 'in partibus infidelium,' and returned the Governor's salutations with a magnificent benediction from the window of his coach.

coachverbUS /koʊtʃ/

teach and supervise (someone); act as a trainer or coach (to), as in sports

From this reading The Nuncio departed amidst a tremendous clatter of hoofs and rumbling of wheels, after being accompanied to his coach by the Legate of Ferrara himself.

coachesnounUS /ˈkoʊtʃɪz/

plural of “coach” — (sports) someone in charge of training an athlete or a team

From this reading After the coaches rode the footmen, mounted on all sorts of beasts, such as could be had, but wearing good liveries and all well armed.

commandedverbUS /kəˈmændɪd/

past form of “command” — be in command of

From this reading A dozen papal troopers commanded by a sergeant brought up the rear.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading After the coaches rode the footmen, mounted on all sorts of beasts, such as could be had, but wearing good liveries and all well armed.

departedadjectiveUS /dɪˈpɑːrtɪd/

well in the past; former

From this reading The Nuncio departed amidst a tremendous clatter of hoofs and rumbling of wheels, after being accompanied to his coach by the Legate of Ferrara himself.

dozennounUS /ˈdʌzən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eleven and one

From this reading A dozen papal troopers commanded by a sergeant brought up the rear.

dressverbUS /dres/

put on clothes

From this reading The wizened little Legate bowed to the ground as the noisy procession started, for though he wore a clerical dress he was only a layman, and the Nuncio was Archbishop of Kerasund, 'in partibus infidelium,' and returned the Governor's salutations with a magnificent benediction from the window of his coach.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading The second coach was occupied by his chaplains, and a third by his body-servants; in his own he took only his secretary; each vehicle carried a part of his voluminous luggage.

FerraranounUS /fərˈɑːrə/

a city in northern Italy

From this reading The Nuncio departed amidst a tremendous clatter of hoofs and rumbling of wheels, after being accompanied to his coach by the Legate of Ferrara himself.

footmen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After the coaches rode the footmen, mounted on all sorts of beasts, such as could be had, but wearing good liveries and all well armed.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The wizened little Legate bowed to the ground as the noisy procession started, for though he wore a clerical dress he was only a layman, and the Nuncio was Archbishop of Kerasund, 'in partibus infidelium,' and returned the Governor's salutations with a magnificent benediction from the window of his coach.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The wizened little Legate bowed to the ground as the noisy procession started, for though he wore a clerical dress he was only a layman, and the Nuncio was Archbishop of Kerasund, 'in partibus infidelium,' and returned the Governor's salutations with a magnificent benediction from the window of his coach.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading After the coaches rode the footmen, mounted on all sorts of beasts, such as could be had, but wearing good liveries and all well armed.

Governor'snounUS /ˈɡʌvərnərz/

possessive form of “governor” — the head of a state government

From this reading The wizened little Legate bowed to the ground as the noisy procession started, for though he wore a clerical dress he was only a layman, and the Nuncio was Archbishop of Kerasund, 'in partibus infidelium,' and returned the Governor's salutations with a magnificent benediction from the window of his coach.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading The wizened little Legate bowed to the ground as the noisy procession started, for though he wore a clerical dress he was only a layman, and the Nuncio was Archbishop of Kerasund, 'in partibus infidelium,' and returned the Governor's salutations with a magnificent benediction from the window of his coach.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading After the coaches rode the footmen, mounted on all sorts of beasts, such as could be had, but wearing good liveries and all well armed.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The second coach was occupied by his chaplains, and a third by his body-servants; in his own he took only his secretary; each vehicle carried a part of his voluminous luggage.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading The Nuncio departed amidst a tremendous clatter of hoofs and rumbling of wheels, after being accompanied to his coach by the Legate of Ferrara himself.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The Nuncio departed amidst a tremendous clatter of hoofs and rumbling of wheels, after being accompanied to his coach by the Legate of Ferrara himself.

hoofsnounUS /hʊfs/

plural of “hoof” — the foot of an ungulate mammal

From this reading The Nuncio departed amidst a tremendous clatter of hoofs and rumbling of wheels, after being accompanied to his coach by the Legate of Ferrara himself.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The second coach was occupied by his chaplains, and a third by his body-servants; in his own he took only his secretary; each vehicle carried a part of his voluminous luggage.

infidelium

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The wizened little Legate bowed to the ground as the noisy procession started, for though he wore a clerical dress he was only a layman, and the Nuncio was Archbishop of Kerasund, 'in partibus infidelium,' and returned the Governor's salutations with a magnificent benediction from the window of his coach.

Kerasund

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The wizened little Legate bowed to the ground as the noisy procession started, for though he wore a clerical dress he was only a layman, and the Nuncio was Archbishop of Kerasund, 'in partibus infidelium,' and returned the Governor's salutations with a magnificent benediction from the window of his coach.

laymannounUS /ˈleɪmən/

someone who is not a clergyman or a professional person

From this reading The wizened little Legate bowed to the ground as the noisy procession started, for though he wore a clerical dress he was only a layman, and the Nuncio was Archbishop of Kerasund, 'in partibus infidelium,' and returned the Governor's salutations with a magnificent benediction from the window of his coach.

LegatenounUS /ˈleɡət/

a member of a legation

From this reading The Nuncio departed amidst a tremendous clatter of hoofs and rumbling of wheels, after being accompanied to his coach by the Legate of Ferrara himself.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The wizened little Legate bowed to the ground as the noisy procession started, for though he wore a clerical dress he was only a layman, and the Nuncio was Archbishop of Kerasund, 'in partibus infidelium,' and returned the Governor's salutations with a magnificent benediction from the window of his coach.

liveries

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading After the coaches rode the footmen, mounted on all sorts of beasts, such as could be had, but wearing good liveries and all well armed.

luggagenounUS /ˈlʌɡədʒ/

cases used to carry belongings when traveling

From this reading The second coach was occupied by his chaplains, and a third by his body-servants; in his own he took only his secretary; each vehicle carried a part of his voluminous luggage.

magnificentadjectiveUS /mæɡˈnɪfəsənt/

characterized by grandeur

From this reading The wizened little Legate bowed to the ground as the noisy procession started, for though he wore a clerical dress he was only a layman, and the Nuncio was Archbishop of Kerasund, 'in partibus infidelium,' and returned the Governor's salutations with a magnificent benediction from the window of his coach.

mountedadjectiveUS /ˈmaʊntəd/

assembled for use; especially by being attached to a support

From this reading After the coaches rode the footmen, mounted on all sorts of beasts, such as could be had, but wearing good liveries and all well armed.

noisyadjectiveUS /ˈnɔɪzi/

full of or characterized by loud and nonmusical sounds

From this reading The wizened little Legate bowed to the ground as the noisy procession started, for though he wore a clerical dress he was only a layman, and the Nuncio was Archbishop of Kerasund, 'in partibus infidelium,' and returned the Governor's salutations with a magnificent benediction from the window of his coach.

NuncionounUS /ˈnʌnsioʊ/

(Roman Catholic Church) a diplomatic representative of the Pope having ambassadorial status

From this reading The Nuncio departed amidst a tremendous clatter of hoofs and rumbling of wheels, after being accompanied to his coach by the Legate of Ferrara himself.

occupiedadjectiveUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪd/

held or filled or in use

From this reading The second coach was occupied by his chaplains, and a third by his body-servants; in his own he took only his secretary; each vehicle carried a part of his voluminous luggage.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Nuncio departed amidst a tremendous clatter of hoofs and rumbling of wheels, after being accompanied to his coach by the Legate of Ferrara himself.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading After the coaches rode the footmen, mounted on all sorts of beasts, such as could be had, but wearing good liveries and all well armed.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The second coach was occupied by his chaplains, and a third by his body-servants; in his own he took only his secretary; each vehicle carried a part of his voluminous luggage.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading The second coach was occupied by his chaplains, and a third by his body-servants; in his own he took only his secretary; each vehicle carried a part of his voluminous luggage.

papaladjectiveUS /ˈpeɪpəl/

proceeding from or ordered by or subject to a pope or the papacy regarded as the successor of the Apostles

From this reading A dozen papal troopers commanded by a sergeant brought up the rear.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The second coach was occupied by his chaplains, and a third by his body-servants; in his own he took only his secretary; each vehicle carried a part of his voluminous luggage.

partibus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The wizened little Legate bowed to the ground as the noisy procession started, for though he wore a clerical dress he was only a layman, and the Nuncio was Archbishop of Kerasund, 'in partibus infidelium,' and returned the Governor's salutations with a magnificent benediction from the window of his coach.

processionnounUS /prəˈseʃən/

(theology) the origination of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost

From this reading The wizened little Legate bowed to the ground as the noisy procession started, for though he wore a clerical dress he was only a layman, and the Nuncio was Archbishop of Kerasund, 'in partibus infidelium,' and returned the Governor's salutations with a magnificent benediction from the window of his coach.

rearnounUS /rɪr/

the back of a military formation or procession

From this reading A dozen papal troopers commanded by a sergeant brought up the rear.

returnedverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrnd/

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading The wizened little Legate bowed to the ground as the noisy procession started, for though he wore a clerical dress he was only a layman, and the Nuncio was Archbishop of Kerasund, 'in partibus infidelium,' and returned the Governor's salutations with a magnificent benediction from the window of his coach.

rodeverbUS /roʊd/

inflected form of “ride” — sit and travel on the back of animal, usually while controlling its motions

From this reading After the coaches rode the footmen, mounted on all sorts of beasts, such as could be had, but wearing good liveries and all well armed.

rumblingnounUS /ˈrʌmbəlɪŋ/

a loud low dull continuous noise

From this reading The Nuncio departed amidst a tremendous clatter of hoofs and rumbling of wheels, after being accompanied to his coach by the Legate of Ferrara himself.

salutations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The wizened little Legate bowed to the ground as the noisy procession started, for though he wore a clerical dress he was only a layman, and the Nuncio was Archbishop of Kerasund, 'in partibus infidelium,' and returned the Governor's salutations with a magnificent benediction from the window of his coach.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading The second coach was occupied by his chaplains, and a third by his body-servants; in his own he took only his secretary; each vehicle carried a part of his voluminous luggage.

secretarynounUS /ˈsekrəteri/

a person who is head of an administrative department of government

From this reading The second coach was occupied by his chaplains, and a third by his body-servants; in his own he took only his secretary; each vehicle carried a part of his voluminous luggage.

sergeantnounUS /ˈsɑːrdʒənt/

any of several noncommissioned officer ranks in the Army or Air Force or Marines ranking above a corporal

From this reading A dozen papal troopers commanded by a sergeant brought up the rear.

sortsnounUS /sɔːrts/

plural of “sort” — a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading After the coaches rode the footmen, mounted on all sorts of beasts, such as could be had, but wearing good liveries and all well armed.

startedverbUS /ˈstɑːrtɪd/

past form of “start” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading The wizened little Legate bowed to the ground as the noisy procession started, for though he wore a clerical dress he was only a layman, and the Nuncio was Archbishop of Kerasund, 'in partibus infidelium,' and returned the Governor's salutations with a magnificent benediction from the window of his coach.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading After the coaches rode the footmen, mounted on all sorts of beasts, such as could be had, but wearing good liveries and all well armed.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Nuncio departed amidst a tremendous clatter of hoofs and rumbling of wheels, after being accompanied to his coach by the Legate of Ferrara himself.

thirdnounUS /θɜːrd/

one of three equal parts of a divisible whole

From this reading The second coach was occupied by his chaplains, and a third by his body-servants; in his own he took only his secretary; each vehicle carried a part of his voluminous luggage.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading The wizened little Legate bowed to the ground as the noisy procession started, for though he wore a clerical dress he was only a layman, and the Nuncio was Archbishop of Kerasund, 'in partibus infidelium,' and returned the Governor's salutations with a magnificent benediction from the window of his coach.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The Nuncio departed amidst a tremendous clatter of hoofs and rumbling of wheels, after being accompanied to his coach by the Legate of Ferrara himself.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading The second coach was occupied by his chaplains, and a third by his body-servants; in his own he took only his secretary; each vehicle carried a part of his voluminous luggage.

tremendousadjectiveUS /trəˈmendəs/

extraordinarily large in size or extent or amount or power or degree

From this reading The Nuncio departed amidst a tremendous clatter of hoofs and rumbling of wheels, after being accompanied to his coach by the Legate of Ferrara himself.

troopersnounUS /ˈtruːpərz/

plural of “trooper” — a soldier in a motorized army unit

From this reading A dozen papal troopers commanded by a sergeant brought up the rear.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading A dozen papal troopers commanded by a sergeant brought up the rear.

vehiclenounUS /ˈviːhɪkəl/

a conveyance that transports people or objects

From this reading The second coach was occupied by his chaplains, and a third by his body-servants; in his own he took only his secretary; each vehicle carried a part of his voluminous luggage.

voluminousadjectiveUS /vəˈluːmənəs/

large in volume or bulk

From this reading The second coach was occupied by his chaplains, and a third by his body-servants; in his own he took only his secretary; each vehicle carried a part of his voluminous luggage.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The second coach was occupied by his chaplains, and a third by his body-servants; in his own he took only his secretary; each vehicle carried a part of his voluminous luggage.

wearingnounUS /ˈwerɪŋ/

(geology) the mechanical process of wearing or grinding something down (as by particles washing over it)

From this reading After the coaches rode the footmen, mounted on all sorts of beasts, such as could be had, but wearing good liveries and all well armed.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading After the coaches rode the footmen, mounted on all sorts of beasts, such as could be had, but wearing good liveries and all well armed.

wheelsnounUS /wiːlz/

plural of “wheel” — a simple machine consisting of a circular frame with spokes (or a solid disc) that can rotate on a shaft or axle (as in vehicles or other machines)

From this reading The Nuncio departed amidst a tremendous clatter of hoofs and rumbling of wheels, after being accompanied to his coach by the Legate of Ferrara himself.

windownounUS /ˈwɪndoʊ/

a framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane and is built into a wall or roof to admit light or air

From this reading The wizened little Legate bowed to the ground as the noisy procession started, for though he wore a clerical dress he was only a layman, and the Nuncio was Archbishop of Kerasund, 'in partibus infidelium,' and returned the Governor's salutations with a magnificent benediction from the window of his coach.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The wizened little Legate bowed to the ground as the noisy procession started, for though he wore a clerical dress he was only a layman, and the Nuncio was Archbishop of Kerasund, 'in partibus infidelium,' and returned the Governor's salutations with a magnificent benediction from the window of his coach.

wizenedadjectiveUS /ˈwaɪzənd/

lean and wrinkled by shrinkage as from age or illness

From this reading The wizened little Legate bowed to the ground as the noisy procession started, for though he wore a clerical dress he was only a layman, and the Nuncio was Archbishop of Kerasund, 'in partibus infidelium,' and returned the Governor's salutations with a magnificent benediction from the window of his coach.

woreverbUS /wɔːr/

inflected form of “wear” — be dressed in

From this reading The wizened little Legate bowed to the ground as the noisy procession started, for though he wore a clerical dress he was only a layman, and the Nuncio was Archbishop of Kerasund, 'in partibus infidelium,' and returned the Governor's salutations with a magnificent benediction from the window of his coach.

Chapter 8 of Stradella by F. Marion (Francis Marion) Crawford holds 106 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Stradella contain?

Chapter 8 holds 106 sentences of Stradella, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Stradella by F. Marion (Francis Marion) Crawford exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 106 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Stradella?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Stradella

Common questions about reading Stradella by F. Marion (Francis Marion) Crawford on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Stradella?

Yes. All 4638 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #23299 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Stradella is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #23299, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Stradella take to read?

About 386 minutes of reading across 928 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Stradella section by section

How to work through Stradella section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 23 chapters of Stradella to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Stradella

Words and structures a reader meets early in Stradella, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Senator
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stradella; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Michele
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stradella; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pignaver
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stradella; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Being
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Stradella; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.