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Strong and Steady
Strong and Steady

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Strong and Steady is here in full — 52 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Strong and Steady
Context Illustration Reading 1/10 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
JACOB DRUMMOND, OF STAPLETON.
Jacob Drummond kept a dry-goods store in the village of Stapleton.
As the village was of considerable size, and he had no competitors, he drove a flourishing trade, and had already acquired quite a comfortable property.
In fact, even had he been less favorably situated, he was pretty sure to thrive.
He knew how to save money better, even, than to earn it, being considered, and with justice, a very mean man.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Strong and Steady

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Strong and Steady is here in full — 52 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/10 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
JACOB DRUMMOND, OF STAPLETON.
Line 2
Jacob Drummond kept a dry-goods store in the village of Stapleton.
Line 3
As the village was of considerable size, and he had no competitors, he drove a flourishing trade, and had already acquired quite a comfortable property.
/æz ðə ˈvɪlədʒ wɑːz ʌv kənˈsɪdərəbəl saɪz ənd hiː hæd noʊ kəmˈpetətərz hiː droʊv ə ˈflɜːrɪʃɪŋ treɪd ənd hæd ɔːlˈredi əˈkwaɪərd kwaɪt ə ˈkʌmfərtəbəl ˈprɑːpərti/
Line 4
In fact, even had he been less favorably situated, he was pretty sure to thrive.
/ɪn fækt ˈiːvɪn hæd hiː bɪn les ˈfeɪvərəbli ˈsɪtʃuːeɪtɪd hiː wɑːz ˈprɪti ʃʊr tuː θraɪv/
Line 5
He knew how to save money better, even, than to earn it, being considered, and with justice, a very mean man.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

acquired adjective US /əˈkwaɪərd/

gotten through environmental forces

From this reading “As the village was of considerable size, and he had no competitors, he drove a flourishing trade, and had already acquired quite a comfortable property.”

competitors noun US /kəmˈpetətərz/

plural of “competitor” — the contestant you hope to defeat

From this reading “As the village was of considerable size, and he had no competitors, he drove a flourishing trade, and had already acquired quite a comfortable property.”

earn verb US /ɜːrn/

earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages

From this reading “He knew how to save money better, even, than to earn it, being considered, and with justice, a very mean man.”

favorably adverb US /ˈfeɪvərəbli/

showing approval

From this reading “In fact, even had he been less favorably situated, he was pretty sure to thrive.”

flourishing adjective US /ˈflɜːrɪʃɪŋ/

very lively and profitable

From this reading “As the village was of considerable size, and he had no competitors, he drove a flourishing trade, and had already acquired quite a comfortable property.”

jacob noun US /ˈdʒeɪkəb/

French biochemist who (with Jacques Monod) studied regulatory processes in cells (born in 1920)

From this reading “JACOB DRUMMOND, OF STAPLETON.”

situated adjective US /ˈsɪtʃuːeɪtɪd/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading “In fact, even had he been less favorably situated, he was pretty sure to thrive.”

thrive verb US /θraɪv/

grow vigorously

From this reading “In fact, even had he been less favorably situated, he was pretty sure to thrive.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

considerable size adjective + noun

In this reading “As the village was of considerable size, and he had no competitors, he drove a flourishing trade, and had already acquired quite a comfortable property.”

In fact preposition + noun

in reality or actuality

In this reading “In fact, even had he been less favorably situated, he was pretty sure to thrive.”

save money preposition + noun

In this reading “He knew how to save money better, even, than to earn it, being considered, and with justice, a very mean man.”

in the village preposition + article + noun counted as “in … village”

In this reading “Jacob Drummond kept a dry-goods store in the village of Stapleton.”

All words in this reading · 53

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Jacob Drummond kept a dry-goods store in the village of Stapleton.

acquiredadjectiveUS /əˈkwaɪərd/

gotten through environmental forces

From this reading As the village was of considerable size, and he had no competitors, he drove a flourishing trade, and had already acquired quite a comfortable property.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading As the village was of considerable size, and he had no competitors, he drove a flourishing trade, and had already acquired quite a comfortable property.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading As the village was of considerable size, and he had no competitors, he drove a flourishing trade, and had already acquired quite a comfortable property.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As the village was of considerable size, and he had no competitors, he drove a flourishing trade, and had already acquired quite a comfortable property.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading In fact, even had he been less favorably situated, he was pretty sure to thrive.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading He knew how to save money better, even, than to earn it, being considered, and with justice, a very mean man.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading He knew how to save money better, even, than to earn it, being considered, and with justice, a very mean man.

comfortableadjectiveUS /ˈkʌmfərtəbəl/

providing or experiencing physical well-being or relief (“comfy” is informal)

From this reading As the village was of considerable size, and he had no competitors, he drove a flourishing trade, and had already acquired quite a comfortable property.

competitorsnounUS /kəmˈpetətərz/

plural of “competitor” — the contestant you hope to defeat

From this reading As the village was of considerable size, and he had no competitors, he drove a flourishing trade, and had already acquired quite a comfortable property.

considerableadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərəbəl/

large or relatively large in number or amount or extent or degree

From this reading As the village was of considerable size, and he had no competitors, he drove a flourishing trade, and had already acquired quite a comfortable property.

consideredadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərd/

carefully weighed

From this reading He knew how to save money better, even, than to earn it, being considered, and with justice, a very mean man.

drovenounUS /droʊv/

a group of animals (a herd or flock) moving together

From this reading As the village was of considerable size, and he had no competitors, he drove a flourishing trade, and had already acquired quite a comfortable property.

DRUMMOND

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading JACOB DRUMMOND, OF STAPLETON.

dry-goods

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Jacob Drummond kept a dry-goods store in the village of Stapleton.

earnverbUS /ɜːrn/

earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages

From this reading He knew how to save money better, even, than to earn it, being considered, and with justice, a very mean man.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading In fact, even had he been less favorably situated, he was pretty sure to thrive.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading In fact, even had he been less favorably situated, he was pretty sure to thrive.

favorablyadverbUS /ˈfeɪvərəbli/

showing approval

From this reading In fact, even had he been less favorably situated, he was pretty sure to thrive.

flourishingadjectiveUS /ˈflɜːrɪʃɪŋ/

very lively and profitable

From this reading As the village was of considerable size, and he had no competitors, he drove a flourishing trade, and had already acquired quite a comfortable property.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading As the village was of considerable size, and he had no competitors, he drove a flourishing trade, and had already acquired quite a comfortable property.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading As the village was of considerable size, and he had no competitors, he drove a flourishing trade, and had already acquired quite a comfortable property.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He knew how to save money better, even, than to earn it, being considered, and with justice, a very mean man.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Jacob Drummond kept a dry-goods store in the village of Stapleton.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He knew how to save money better, even, than to earn it, being considered, and with justice, a very mean man.

JACOBnounUS /ˈdʒeɪkəb/

French biochemist who (with Jacques Monod) studied regulatory processes in cells (born in 1920)

From this reading JACOB DRUMMOND, OF STAPLETON.

justicenounUS /ˈdʒʌstəs/

the quality of being just or fair

From this reading He knew how to save money better, even, than to earn it, being considered, and with justice, a very mean man.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading Jacob Drummond kept a dry-goods store in the village of Stapleton.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading He knew how to save money better, even, than to earn it, being considered, and with justice, a very mean man.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading In fact, even had he been less favorably situated, he was pretty sure to thrive.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading He knew how to save money better, even, than to earn it, being considered, and with justice, a very mean man.

meanverbUS /miːn/

mean or intend to express or convey

From this reading He knew how to save money better, even, than to earn it, being considered, and with justice, a very mean man.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading He knew how to save money better, even, than to earn it, being considered, and with justice, a very mean man.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading As the village was of considerable size, and he had no competitors, he drove a flourishing trade, and had already acquired quite a comfortable property.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading JACOB DRUMMOND, OF STAPLETON.

prettyadjectiveUS /ˈprɪti/

pleasing by delicacy or grace; not imposing

From this reading In fact, even had he been less favorably situated, he was pretty sure to thrive.

propertynounUS /ˈprɑːpərti/

something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone

From this reading As the village was of considerable size, and he had no competitors, he drove a flourishing trade, and had already acquired quite a comfortable property.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading As the village was of considerable size, and he had no competitors, he drove a flourishing trade, and had already acquired quite a comfortable property.

saveprepositionUS /seɪv/

except for; apart from

From this reading He knew how to save money better, even, than to earn it, being considered, and with justice, a very mean man.

situatedadjectiveUS /ˈsɪtʃuːeɪtɪd/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading In fact, even had he been less favorably situated, he was pretty sure to thrive.

sizenounUS /saɪz/

the physical magnitude of something (how big it is)

From this reading As the village was of considerable size, and he had no competitors, he drove a flourishing trade, and had already acquired quite a comfortable property.

STAPLETON

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading JACOB DRUMMOND, OF STAPLETON.

storenounUS /stɔːr/

a mercantile establishment for the retail sale of goods or services

From this reading Jacob Drummond kept a dry-goods store in the village of Stapleton.

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading In fact, even had he been less favorably situated, he was pretty sure to thrive.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading He knew how to save money better, even, than to earn it, being considered, and with justice, a very mean man.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Jacob Drummond kept a dry-goods store in the village of Stapleton.

thriveverbUS /θraɪv/

grow vigorously

From this reading In fact, even had he been less favorably situated, he was pretty sure to thrive.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In fact, even had he been less favorably situated, he was pretty sure to thrive.

tradenounUS /treɪd/

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading As the village was of considerable size, and he had no competitors, he drove a flourishing trade, and had already acquired quite a comfortable property.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading He knew how to save money better, even, than to earn it, being considered, and with justice, a very mean man.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading Jacob Drummond kept a dry-goods store in the village of Stapleton.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading As the village was of considerable size, and he had no competitors, he drove a flourishing trade, and had already acquired quite a comfortable property.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He knew how to save money better, even, than to earn it, being considered, and with justice, a very mean man.

Chapter 4 of Strong and Steady by Horatio, Jr. Alger holds 52 sentences, grouped into 11 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Strong and Steady contain?

Chapter 4 holds 52 sentences of Strong and Steady, unabridged, divided into 11 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Strong and Steady by Horatio, Jr. Alger exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 52 sentences, grouped into 11 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Strong and Steady?

Work through the 11 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 11 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Strong and Steady

Common questions about reading Strong and Steady by Horatio, Jr. Alger on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Strong and Steady?

Yes. All 4443 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #55098 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Strong and Steady is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #55098, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Strong and Steady take to read?

About 370 minutes of reading across 889 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Strong and Steady section by section

How to work through Strong and Steady section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 37 chapters of Strong and Steady to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Strong and Steady

Words and structures a reader meets early in Strong and Steady, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Essex
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Strong and Steady; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Classical
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Strong and Steady; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Institute
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Strong and Steady; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
You've
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Strong and Steady; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.