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Studies in jocular literature
Studies in jocular literature

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Studies in jocular literature is here in full — 80 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PRESENT UNDERTAKING--LITERARY INTEREST OF THE SUBJECT--THE VARIOUS CLASSES OF JEST--THE SERIOUS ANECDOTE THE ORIGINAL TYPE AND THE JEST AN EVOLUTION--GREEK AND ROMAN EXAMPLES--THE DEIPNOSOPHISTÆ OF ATHENÆUS.
A justification for the present inquiry may be found, then, in the historical, biographical and literary interest with which it abounds, and in the multiplicity of aspects under which the topic is capable of being contemplated.
The Jest resembles a tree of many branches.
It is couched in a wide variety of shapes--namely, the Riddle, the Epigram, the Apologue or Tale, the Repartee, the Quibble, and the Pun.
Of these, the Apologue and the Riddle are the most ancient--the latter being entitled to priority, if we take into account its positive origin in the Hebrew Scriptures themselves, although the jocular or comic development is so much more recent.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Studies in jocular literature

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Studies in jocular literature is here in full — 80 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/16 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PRESENT UNDERTAKING--LITERARY INTEREST OF THE SUBJECT--THE VARIOUS CLASSES OF JEST--THE SERIOUS ANECDOTE THE ORIGINAL TYPE AND THE JEST AN EVOLUTION--GREEK AND ROMAN EXAMPLES--THEDEIPNOSOPHISTÆOF ATHENÆUS.
Line 2
A justification for the present inquiry may be found, then, in the historical, biographical and literary interest with which it abounds, and in the multiplicity of aspects under which the topic is capable of being contemplated.
/ə ˌdʒʌstəfəˈkeɪʃən fɔːr ðə ˈprezənt ˌɪnˈkwaɪriː meɪ biː faʊnd ðen ɪn ðə hɪˈstɔːrɪkəl ˌbaɪəˈɡræfɪkəl ənd ˈlɪtəreri ˈɪntrəst wɪð wɪtʃ ɪt əˈbaʊndz ənd ɪn ðə ˌmʌltəˈplɪsɪti ʌv ˈæspekts ˈʌndər wɪtʃ ðə ˈtɑːpɪk ɪz ˈkeɪpəbəl ʌv ˈbiːɪŋ ˈkɑːntəmpleɪtɪd/
Line 3
The Jest resembles a tree of many branches.
/ðə dʒest rɪˈzembəlz ə triː ʌv ˈmeni ˈbræntʃəz/
Line 4
It is couched in a wide variety of shapes--namely, the Riddle, the Epigram, the Apologue or Tale, the Repartee, the Quibble, and the Pun.
Line 5
Of these, the Apologue and the Riddle are the most ancient--the latter being entitled to priority, if we take into account its positive origin in the Hebrew Scriptures themselves, although the jocular or comic development is so much more recent.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abounds verb US /əˈbaʊndz/

third-person singular of “abound” — be abundant or plentiful; exist in large quantities

From this reading “A justification for the present inquiry may be found, then, in the historical, biographical and literary interest with which it abounds, and in the multiplicity of aspects under which the topic is capable of being contemplated.”

couched verb US /kaʊtʃt/

past form of “couch” — formulate in a particular style or language

From this reading “It is couched in a wide variety of shapes--namely, the Riddle, the Epigram, the Apologue or Tale, the Repartee, the Quibble, and the Pun.”

jocular adjective US /ˈdʒɑːkjələr/

characterized by jokes and good humor

From this reading “Of these, the Apologue and the Riddle are the most ancient--the latter being entitled to priority, if we take into account its positive origin in the Hebrew Scriptures themselves, although the jocular or comic development is so much more recent.”

multiplicity noun US /ˌmʌltəˈplɪsɪti/

the property of being multiple

From this reading “A justification for the present inquiry may be found, then, in the historical, biographical and literary interest with which it abounds, and in the multiplicity of aspects under which the topic is capable of being contemplated.”

priority noun US /praɪˈɔːrəti/

status established in order of importance or urgency

From this reading “Of these, the Apologue and the Riddle are the most ancient--the latter being entitled to priority, if we take into account its positive origin in the Hebrew Scriptures themselves, although the jocular or comic development is so much more recent.”

Pun noun US /pʌn/

a humorous play on words

From this reading “It is couched in a wide variety of shapes--namely, the Riddle, the Epigram, the Apologue or Tale, the Repartee, the Quibble, and the Pun.”

Quibble verb US /ˈkwɪbəl/

evade the truth of a point or question by raising irrelevant objections

From this reading “It is couched in a wide variety of shapes--namely, the Riddle, the Epigram, the Apologue or Tale, the Repartee, the Quibble, and the Pun.”

Repartee noun US /ˌrepərˈtiː/

adroitness and cleverness in reply

From this reading “It is couched in a wide variety of shapes--namely, the Riddle, the Epigram, the Apologue or Tale, the Repartee, the Quibble, and the Pun.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

VARIOUS CLASSES adjective + noun counted as “various class”

In this reading “JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PRESENT UNDERTAKING--LITERARY INTEREST OF THE SUBJECT--THE VARIOUS CLASSES OF JEST--THE SERIOUS ANECDOTE THE ORIGINAL TYPE AND THE JEST AN EVOLUTION--GREEK AND ROMAN EXAMPLES--THE “DEIPNOSOPHISTÆ” OF ATHENÆUS.”

much more adverb + adjective

In this reading “Of these, the Apologue and the Riddle are the most ancient--the latter being entitled to priority, if we take into account its positive origin in the Hebrew Scriptures themselves, although the jocular or comic development is so much more recent.”

All words in this reading · 89

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A justification for the present inquiry may be found, then, in the historical, biographical and literary interest with which it abounds, and in the multiplicity of aspects under which the topic is capable of being contemplated.

aboundsverbUS /əˈbaʊndz/

third-person singular of “abound” — be abundant or plentiful; exist in large quantities

From this reading A justification for the present inquiry may be found, then, in the historical, biographical and literary interest with which it abounds, and in the multiplicity of aspects under which the topic is capable of being contemplated.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading Of these, the Apologue and the Riddle are the most ancient--the latter being entitled to priority, if we take into account its positive origin in the Hebrew Scriptures themselves, although the jocular or comic development is so much more recent.

althoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Of these, the Apologue and the Riddle are the most ancient--the latter being entitled to priority, if we take into account its positive origin in the Hebrew Scriptures themselves, although the jocular or comic development is so much more recent.

ANdeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PRESENT UNDERTAKING--LITERARY INTEREST OF THE SUBJECT--THE VARIOUS CLASSES OF JEST--THE SERIOUS ANECDOTE THE ORIGINAL TYPE AND THE JEST AN EVOLUTION--GREEK AND ROMAN EXAMPLES--THE “DEIPNOSOPHISTÆ” OF ATHENÆUS.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading Of these, the Apologue and the Riddle are the most ancient--the latter being entitled to priority, if we take into account its positive origin in the Hebrew Scriptures themselves, although the jocular or comic development is so much more recent.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PRESENT UNDERTAKING--LITERARY INTEREST OF THE SUBJECT--THE VARIOUS CLASSES OF JEST--THE SERIOUS ANECDOTE THE ORIGINAL TYPE AND THE JEST AN EVOLUTION--GREEK AND ROMAN EXAMPLES--THE “DEIPNOSOPHISTÆ” OF ATHENÆUS.

ANECDOTEnounUS /ˈænəkdoʊt/

short account of an incident (especially a biographical one)

From this reading JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PRESENT UNDERTAKING--LITERARY INTEREST OF THE SUBJECT--THE VARIOUS CLASSES OF JEST--THE SERIOUS ANECDOTE THE ORIGINAL TYPE AND THE JEST AN EVOLUTION--GREEK AND ROMAN EXAMPLES--THE “DEIPNOSOPHISTÆ” OF ATHENÆUS.

Apologuenoun

a short moral story (often with animal characters)

From this reading It is couched in a wide variety of shapes--namely, the Riddle, the Epigram, the Apologue or Tale, the Repartee, the Quibble, and the Pun.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Of these, the Apologue and the Riddle are the most ancient--the latter being entitled to priority, if we take into account its positive origin in the Hebrew Scriptures themselves, although the jocular or comic development is so much more recent.

aspectsnounUS /ˈæspekts/

plural of “aspect” — a distinct feature or element in a problem

From this reading A justification for the present inquiry may be found, then, in the historical, biographical and literary interest with which it abounds, and in the multiplicity of aspects under which the topic is capable of being contemplated.

ATHENÆUS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PRESENT UNDERTAKING--LITERARY INTEREST OF THE SUBJECT--THE VARIOUS CLASSES OF JEST--THE SERIOUS ANECDOTE THE ORIGINAL TYPE AND THE JEST AN EVOLUTION--GREEK AND ROMAN EXAMPLES--THE “DEIPNOSOPHISTÆ” OF ATHENÆUS.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading A justification for the present inquiry may be found, then, in the historical, biographical and literary interest with which it abounds, and in the multiplicity of aspects under which the topic is capable of being contemplated.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading A justification for the present inquiry may be found, then, in the historical, biographical and literary interest with which it abounds, and in the multiplicity of aspects under which the topic is capable of being contemplated.

biographicaladjectiveUS /ˌbaɪəˈɡræfɪkəl/

of or relating to or being biography

From this reading A justification for the present inquiry may be found, then, in the historical, biographical and literary interest with which it abounds, and in the multiplicity of aspects under which the topic is capable of being contemplated.

branchesnounUS /ˈbræntʃəz/

plural of “branch” — a division of some larger or more complex organization

From this reading The Jest resembles a tree of many branches.

capableadjectiveUS /ˈkeɪpəbəl/

(usually followed by “of”) having capacity or ability

From this reading A justification for the present inquiry may be found, then, in the historical, biographical and literary interest with which it abounds, and in the multiplicity of aspects under which the topic is capable of being contemplated.

CLASSESnounUS /ˈklæsəz/

plural of “class” — a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PRESENT UNDERTAKING--LITERARY INTEREST OF THE SUBJECT--THE VARIOUS CLASSES OF JEST--THE SERIOUS ANECDOTE THE ORIGINAL TYPE AND THE JEST AN EVOLUTION--GREEK AND ROMAN EXAMPLES--THE “DEIPNOSOPHISTÆ” OF ATHENÆUS.

comicadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmɪk/

arousing or provoking laughter

From this reading Of these, the Apologue and the Riddle are the most ancient--the latter being entitled to priority, if we take into account its positive origin in the Hebrew Scriptures themselves, although the jocular or comic development is so much more recent.

contemplatedverbUS /ˈkɑːntəmpleɪtɪd/

past form of “contemplate” — look at thoughtfully; observe deep in thought

From this reading A justification for the present inquiry may be found, then, in the historical, biographical and literary interest with which it abounds, and in the multiplicity of aspects under which the topic is capable of being contemplated.

couchedverbUS /kaʊtʃt/

past form of “couch” — formulate in a particular style or language

From this reading It is couched in a wide variety of shapes--namely, the Riddle, the Epigram, the Apologue or Tale, the Repartee, the Quibble, and the Pun.

DEIPNOSOPHISTÆ

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PRESENT UNDERTAKING--LITERARY INTEREST OF THE SUBJECT--THE VARIOUS CLASSES OF JEST--THE SERIOUS ANECDOTE THE ORIGINAL TYPE AND THE JEST AN EVOLUTION--GREEK AND ROMAN EXAMPLES--THE “DEIPNOSOPHISTÆ” OF ATHENÆUS.

developmentnounUS /dɪˈveləpmənt/

act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading Of these, the Apologue and the Riddle are the most ancient--the latter being entitled to priority, if we take into account its positive origin in the Hebrew Scriptures themselves, although the jocular or comic development is so much more recent.

entitledadjectiveUS /enˈtaɪtəld/

qualified for by right according to law

From this reading Of these, the Apologue and the Riddle are the most ancient--the latter being entitled to priority, if we take into account its positive origin in the Hebrew Scriptures themselves, although the jocular or comic development is so much more recent.

EpigramnounUS /ˈepəɡræm/

a witty saying

From this reading It is couched in a wide variety of shapes--namely, the Riddle, the Epigram, the Apologue or Tale, the Repartee, the Quibble, and the Pun.

EVOLUTIONnounUS /ˌevəˈluːʃən/

a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage)

From this reading JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PRESENT UNDERTAKING--LITERARY INTEREST OF THE SUBJECT--THE VARIOUS CLASSES OF JEST--THE SERIOUS ANECDOTE THE ORIGINAL TYPE AND THE JEST AN EVOLUTION--GREEK AND ROMAN EXAMPLES--THE “DEIPNOSOPHISTÆ” OF ATHENÆUS.

EXAMPLESnounUS /ɪɡˈzæmpəlz/

plural of “example” — an item of information that is typical of a class or group

From this reading JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PRESENT UNDERTAKING--LITERARY INTEREST OF THE SUBJECT--THE VARIOUS CLASSES OF JEST--THE SERIOUS ANECDOTE THE ORIGINAL TYPE AND THE JEST AN EVOLUTION--GREEK AND ROMAN EXAMPLES--THE “DEIPNOSOPHISTÆ” OF ATHENÆUS.

FORprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PRESENT UNDERTAKING--LITERARY INTEREST OF THE SUBJECT--THE VARIOUS CLASSES OF JEST--THE SERIOUS ANECDOTE THE ORIGINAL TYPE AND THE JEST AN EVOLUTION--GREEK AND ROMAN EXAMPLES--THE “DEIPNOSOPHISTÆ” OF ATHENÆUS.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading A justification for the present inquiry may be found, then, in the historical, biographical and literary interest with which it abounds, and in the multiplicity of aspects under which the topic is capable of being contemplated.

GREEKnounUS /ɡriːk/

the Hellenic branch of the Indo-European family of languages

From this reading JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PRESENT UNDERTAKING--LITERARY INTEREST OF THE SUBJECT--THE VARIOUS CLASSES OF JEST--THE SERIOUS ANECDOTE THE ORIGINAL TYPE AND THE JEST AN EVOLUTION--GREEK AND ROMAN EXAMPLES--THE “DEIPNOSOPHISTÆ” OF ATHENÆUS.

HebrewnounUS /ˈhiːbruː/

the ancient Canaanitic language of the Hebrews that has been revived as the official language of Israel

From this reading Of these, the Apologue and the Riddle are the most ancient--the latter being entitled to priority, if we take into account its positive origin in the Hebrew Scriptures themselves, although the jocular or comic development is so much more recent.

historicaladjectiveUS /hɪˈstɔːrɪkəl/

of or relating to the study of history

From this reading A justification for the present inquiry may be found, then, in the historical, biographical and literary interest with which it abounds, and in the multiplicity of aspects under which the topic is capable of being contemplated.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Of these, the Apologue and the Riddle are the most ancient--the latter being entitled to priority, if we take into account its positive origin in the Hebrew Scriptures themselves, although the jocular or comic development is so much more recent.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A justification for the present inquiry may be found, then, in the historical, biographical and literary interest with which it abounds, and in the multiplicity of aspects under which the topic is capable of being contemplated.

inquirynounUS /ˌɪnˈkwaɪriː/

a search for knowledge

From this reading A justification for the present inquiry may be found, then, in the historical, biographical and literary interest with which it abounds, and in the multiplicity of aspects under which the topic is capable of being contemplated.

INTERESTnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PRESENT UNDERTAKING--LITERARY INTEREST OF THE SUBJECT--THE VARIOUS CLASSES OF JEST--THE SERIOUS ANECDOTE THE ORIGINAL TYPE AND THE JEST AN EVOLUTION--GREEK AND ROMAN EXAMPLES--THE “DEIPNOSOPHISTÆ” OF ATHENÆUS.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Of these, the Apologue and the Riddle are the most ancient--the latter being entitled to priority, if we take into account its positive origin in the Hebrew Scriptures themselves, although the jocular or comic development is so much more recent.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A justification for the present inquiry may be found, then, in the historical, biographical and literary interest with which it abounds, and in the multiplicity of aspects under which the topic is capable of being contemplated.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading A justification for the present inquiry may be found, then, in the historical, biographical and literary interest with which it abounds, and in the multiplicity of aspects under which the topic is capable of being contemplated.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Of these, the Apologue and the Riddle are the most ancient--the latter being entitled to priority, if we take into account its positive origin in the Hebrew Scriptures themselves, although the jocular or comic development is so much more recent.

JESTnounUS /dʒest/

a humorous anecdote or remark intended to provoke laughter

From this reading JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PRESENT UNDERTAKING--LITERARY INTEREST OF THE SUBJECT--THE VARIOUS CLASSES OF JEST--THE SERIOUS ANECDOTE THE ORIGINAL TYPE AND THE JEST AN EVOLUTION--GREEK AND ROMAN EXAMPLES--THE “DEIPNOSOPHISTÆ” OF ATHENÆUS.

jocularadjectiveUS /ˈdʒɑːkjələr/

characterized by jokes and good humor

From this reading Of these, the Apologue and the Riddle are the most ancient--the latter being entitled to priority, if we take into account its positive origin in the Hebrew Scriptures themselves, although the jocular or comic development is so much more recent.

JUSTIFICATIONnounUS /ˌdʒʌstəfəˈkeɪʃən/

something (such as a fact or circumstance) that shows an action to be reasonable or necessary

From this reading JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PRESENT UNDERTAKING--LITERARY INTEREST OF THE SUBJECT--THE VARIOUS CLASSES OF JEST--THE SERIOUS ANECDOTE THE ORIGINAL TYPE AND THE JEST AN EVOLUTION--GREEK AND ROMAN EXAMPLES--THE “DEIPNOSOPHISTÆ” OF ATHENÆUS.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading Of these, the Apologue and the Riddle are the most ancient--the latter being entitled to priority, if we take into account its positive origin in the Hebrew Scriptures themselves, although the jocular or comic development is so much more recent.

LITERARYadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəreri/

of or relating to or characteristic of literature

From this reading JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PRESENT UNDERTAKING--LITERARY INTEREST OF THE SUBJECT--THE VARIOUS CLASSES OF JEST--THE SERIOUS ANECDOTE THE ORIGINAL TYPE AND THE JEST AN EVOLUTION--GREEK AND ROMAN EXAMPLES--THE “DEIPNOSOPHISTÆ” OF ATHENÆUS.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The Jest resembles a tree of many branches.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading A justification for the present inquiry may be found, then, in the historical, biographical and literary interest with which it abounds, and in the multiplicity of aspects under which the topic is capable of being contemplated.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Of these, the Apologue and the Riddle are the most ancient--the latter being entitled to priority, if we take into account its positive origin in the Hebrew Scriptures themselves, although the jocular or comic development is so much more recent.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Of these, the Apologue and the Riddle are the most ancient--the latter being entitled to priority, if we take into account its positive origin in the Hebrew Scriptures themselves, although the jocular or comic development is so much more recent.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Of these, the Apologue and the Riddle are the most ancient--the latter being entitled to priority, if we take into account its positive origin in the Hebrew Scriptures themselves, although the jocular or comic development is so much more recent.

multiplicitynounUS /ˌmʌltəˈplɪsɪti/

the property of being multiple

From this reading A justification for the present inquiry may be found, then, in the historical, biographical and literary interest with which it abounds, and in the multiplicity of aspects under which the topic is capable of being contemplated.

namelyadverbUS /ˈneɪmli/

as follows

From this reading It is couched in a wide variety of shapes--namely, the Riddle, the Epigram, the Apologue or Tale, the Repartee, the Quibble, and the Pun.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PRESENT UNDERTAKING--LITERARY INTEREST OF THE SUBJECT--THE VARIOUS CLASSES OF JEST--THE SERIOUS ANECDOTE THE ORIGINAL TYPE AND THE JEST AN EVOLUTION--GREEK AND ROMAN EXAMPLES--THE “DEIPNOSOPHISTÆ” OF ATHENÆUS.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading It is couched in a wide variety of shapes--namely, the Riddle, the Epigram, the Apologue or Tale, the Repartee, the Quibble, and the Pun.

originnounUS /ˈɔːrədʒən/

the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading Of these, the Apologue and the Riddle are the most ancient--the latter being entitled to priority, if we take into account its positive origin in the Hebrew Scriptures themselves, although the jocular or comic development is so much more recent.

ORIGINALadjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PRESENT UNDERTAKING--LITERARY INTEREST OF THE SUBJECT--THE VARIOUS CLASSES OF JEST--THE SERIOUS ANECDOTE THE ORIGINAL TYPE AND THE JEST AN EVOLUTION--GREEK AND ROMAN EXAMPLES--THE “DEIPNOSOPHISTÆ” OF ATHENÆUS.

positiveadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːzətɪv/

characterized by or displaying affirmation or acceptance or certainty etc.

From this reading Of these, the Apologue and the Riddle are the most ancient--the latter being entitled to priority, if we take into account its positive origin in the Hebrew Scriptures themselves, although the jocular or comic development is so much more recent.

PRESENTverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PRESENT UNDERTAKING--LITERARY INTEREST OF THE SUBJECT--THE VARIOUS CLASSES OF JEST--THE SERIOUS ANECDOTE THE ORIGINAL TYPE AND THE JEST AN EVOLUTION--GREEK AND ROMAN EXAMPLES--THE “DEIPNOSOPHISTÆ” OF ATHENÆUS.

prioritynounUS /praɪˈɔːrəti/

status established in order of importance or urgency

From this reading Of these, the Apologue and the Riddle are the most ancient--the latter being entitled to priority, if we take into account its positive origin in the Hebrew Scriptures themselves, although the jocular or comic development is so much more recent.

PunnounUS /pʌn/

a humorous play on words

From this reading It is couched in a wide variety of shapes--namely, the Riddle, the Epigram, the Apologue or Tale, the Repartee, the Quibble, and the Pun.

QuibbleverbUS /ˈkwɪbəl/

evade the truth of a point or question by raising irrelevant objections

From this reading It is couched in a wide variety of shapes--namely, the Riddle, the Epigram, the Apologue or Tale, the Repartee, the Quibble, and the Pun.

recentadjectiveUS /ˈriːsənt/

new

From this reading Of these, the Apologue and the Riddle are the most ancient--the latter being entitled to priority, if we take into account its positive origin in the Hebrew Scriptures themselves, although the jocular or comic development is so much more recent.

ReparteenounUS /ˌrepərˈtiː/

adroitness and cleverness in reply

From this reading It is couched in a wide variety of shapes--namely, the Riddle, the Epigram, the Apologue or Tale, the Repartee, the Quibble, and the Pun.

resemblesverbUS /rɪˈzembəlz/

third-person singular of “resemble” — appear like; be similar or bear a likeness to

From this reading The Jest resembles a tree of many branches.

RiddleverbUS /ˈrɪdəl/

pierce with many holes

From this reading It is couched in a wide variety of shapes--namely, the Riddle, the Epigram, the Apologue or Tale, the Repartee, the Quibble, and the Pun.

ROMANadjectiveUS /ˈroʊmən/

relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

From this reading JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PRESENT UNDERTAKING--LITERARY INTEREST OF THE SUBJECT--THE VARIOUS CLASSES OF JEST--THE SERIOUS ANECDOTE THE ORIGINAL TYPE AND THE JEST AN EVOLUTION--GREEK AND ROMAN EXAMPLES--THE “DEIPNOSOPHISTÆ” OF ATHENÆUS.

ScripturesnounUS /ˈskrɪptʃərz/

plural of “scripture” — the sacred writings of the Christian religions

From this reading Of these, the Apologue and the Riddle are the most ancient--the latter being entitled to priority, if we take into account its positive origin in the Hebrew Scriptures themselves, although the jocular or comic development is so much more recent.

SERIOUSadjectiveUS /ˈsɪriəs/

concerned with work or important matters rather than play or trivialities

From this reading JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PRESENT UNDERTAKING--LITERARY INTEREST OF THE SUBJECT--THE VARIOUS CLASSES OF JEST--THE SERIOUS ANECDOTE THE ORIGINAL TYPE AND THE JEST AN EVOLUTION--GREEK AND ROMAN EXAMPLES--THE “DEIPNOSOPHISTÆ” OF ATHENÆUS.

shapesnounUS /ʃeɪps/

plural of “shape” — any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline)

From this reading It is couched in a wide variety of shapes--namely, the Riddle, the Epigram, the Apologue or Tale, the Repartee, the Quibble, and the Pun.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Of these, the Apologue and the Riddle are the most ancient--the latter being entitled to priority, if we take into account its positive origin in the Hebrew Scriptures themselves, although the jocular or comic development is so much more recent.

SUBJECTnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PRESENT UNDERTAKING--LITERARY INTEREST OF THE SUBJECT--THE VARIOUS CLASSES OF JEST--THE SERIOUS ANECDOTE THE ORIGINAL TYPE AND THE JEST AN EVOLUTION--GREEK AND ROMAN EXAMPLES--THE “DEIPNOSOPHISTÆ” OF ATHENÆUS.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading Of these, the Apologue and the Riddle are the most ancient--the latter being entitled to priority, if we take into account its positive origin in the Hebrew Scriptures themselves, although the jocular or comic development is so much more recent.

TalenounUS /teɪl/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading It is couched in a wide variety of shapes--namely, the Riddle, the Epigram, the Apologue or Tale, the Repartee, the Quibble, and the Pun.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PRESENT UNDERTAKING--LITERARY INTEREST OF THE SUBJECT--THE VARIOUS CLASSES OF JEST--THE SERIOUS ANECDOTE THE ORIGINAL TYPE AND THE JEST AN EVOLUTION--GREEK AND ROMAN EXAMPLES--THE “DEIPNOSOPHISTÆ” OF ATHENÆUS.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Of these, the Apologue and the Riddle are the most ancient--the latter being entitled to priority, if we take into account its positive origin in the Hebrew Scriptures themselves, although the jocular or comic development is so much more recent.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading A justification for the present inquiry may be found, then, in the historical, biographical and literary interest with which it abounds, and in the multiplicity of aspects under which the topic is capable of being contemplated.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Of these, the Apologue and the Riddle are the most ancient--the latter being entitled to priority, if we take into account its positive origin in the Hebrew Scriptures themselves, although the jocular or comic development is so much more recent.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Of these, the Apologue and the Riddle are the most ancient--the latter being entitled to priority, if we take into account its positive origin in the Hebrew Scriptures themselves, although the jocular or comic development is so much more recent.

topicnounUS /ˈtɑːpɪk/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading A justification for the present inquiry may be found, then, in the historical, biographical and literary interest with which it abounds, and in the multiplicity of aspects under which the topic is capable of being contemplated.

treenounUS /triː/

a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading The Jest resembles a tree of many branches.

TYPEnounUS /taɪp/

a subdivision of a particular kind of thing

From this reading JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PRESENT UNDERTAKING--LITERARY INTEREST OF THE SUBJECT--THE VARIOUS CLASSES OF JEST--THE SERIOUS ANECDOTE THE ORIGINAL TYPE AND THE JEST AN EVOLUTION--GREEK AND ROMAN EXAMPLES--THE “DEIPNOSOPHISTÆ” OF ATHENÆUS.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading A justification for the present inquiry may be found, then, in the historical, biographical and literary interest with which it abounds, and in the multiplicity of aspects under which the topic is capable of being contemplated.

UNDERTAKINGnounUS /ˈʌndərteɪkɪŋ/

any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PRESENT UNDERTAKING--LITERARY INTEREST OF THE SUBJECT--THE VARIOUS CLASSES OF JEST--THE SERIOUS ANECDOTE THE ORIGINAL TYPE AND THE JEST AN EVOLUTION--GREEK AND ROMAN EXAMPLES--THE “DEIPNOSOPHISTÆ” OF ATHENÆUS.

varietynounUS /vərˈaɪəti/

a collection containing a variety of sorts of things

From this reading It is couched in a wide variety of shapes--namely, the Riddle, the Epigram, the Apologue or Tale, the Repartee, the Quibble, and the Pun.

VARIOUSadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading JUSTIFICATION FOR THE PRESENT UNDERTAKING--LITERARY INTEREST OF THE SUBJECT--THE VARIOUS CLASSES OF JEST--THE SERIOUS ANECDOTE THE ORIGINAL TYPE AND THE JEST AN EVOLUTION--GREEK AND ROMAN EXAMPLES--THE “DEIPNOSOPHISTÆ” OF ATHENÆUS.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Of these, the Apologue and the Riddle are the most ancient--the latter being entitled to priority, if we take into account its positive origin in the Hebrew Scriptures themselves, although the jocular or comic development is so much more recent.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading A justification for the present inquiry may be found, then, in the historical, biographical and literary interest with which it abounds, and in the multiplicity of aspects under which the topic is capable of being contemplated.

wideadjectiveUS /waɪd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading It is couched in a wide variety of shapes--namely, the Riddle, the Epigram, the Apologue or Tale, the Repartee, the Quibble, and the Pun.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading A justification for the present inquiry may be found, then, in the historical, biographical and literary interest with which it abounds, and in the multiplicity of aspects under which the topic is capable of being contemplated.

Chapter 4 of Studies in jocular literature by William Carew Hazlitt holds 80 sentences, grouped into 16 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

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Chapter 4 holds 80 sentences of Studies in jocular literature, unabridged, divided into 16 reading sections.

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