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Studies in jocular literature
Studies in jocular literature

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of Studies in jocular literature is here in full — 60 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/12 · 5 lines
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CONTINENTAL INFLUENCE--THE ANA”--THE CONVIVIAL DISCOURSES”--WHIMSICAL INVENTIONS--SHAKESPEAR JEST-BOOKS--CHANGE IN PUBLIC TASTE.
The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.
This renders it less difficult to understand why the first makers of jest-books thought fit to intersperse their collections with choice passages from Plutarch and the rest.
They appealed to a current taste and a sure market.
The great Rotterdam wit and philosopher appreciated sallies and strokes of humour which, in a modern English club or at a modern dining table, would scarcely stir a muscle; and he almost killed himself with laughing over the _Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, in which it is hard to discern where the peculiar piquancy ever lay.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Studies in jocular literature

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of Studies in jocular literature is here in full — 60 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/12 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
CONTINENTAL INFLUENCE--THEANA”--THECONVIVIAL DISCOURSES”--WHIMSICAL INVENTIONS--SHAKESPEAR JEST-BOOKS--CHANGE IN PUBLIC TASTE.
Line 2
The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.
/ðə ˈɪnfluːəns ʌv ɪˈræzməs mɔːr ənd ə fjuː ʌv ðer ˌɪˈlʌstriəs kənˈtempəreriz æt ðə rɪˈvaɪvəl ʌv ˈlɜːrnɪŋ kənˈtrɪbjuːtɪd ə ɡʊd diːl tuː meɪk ˈekstrækts frʌm ðə ˈeɪn.ʃənt ˈraɪtərz ˈpɑːpjələr əˈmʌŋ ðə ˈlɪmətəd ˈriːdɪŋ kəˈmjuːnəti ənd tuː drɔː ðə ˈlɪtəreri θɔːt ʌv ðə sɪkˈstiːnθ ˈsentʃəri ˈɪntuː ˈhɑːrməni fɔːr ə taɪm wɪð ðæt ʌv ðə ˈleɪtər ˈroʊmən ˈerə/
Line 3
This renders it less difficult to understand why the first makers of jest-books thought fit to intersperse their collections with choice passages from Plutarch and the rest.
Line 4
They appealed to a current taste and a sure market.
/ðeɪ əˈpiːld tuː ə ˈkɜːrənt teɪst ənd ə ʃʊr ˈmɑːrkət/
Line 5
The great Rotterdam wit and philosopher appreciated sallies and strokes of humour which, in a modern English club or at a modern dining table, would scarcely stir a muscle; and he almost killed himself with laughing over the _Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, in which it is hard to discern where the peculiar piquancy ever lay.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ana noun US /ˈɑːnə/

mother of the ancient Irish gods; sometimes identified with Danu

From this reading “CONTINENTAL INFLUENCE--THE “ANA”--THE “CONVIVIAL DISCOURSES”--WHIMSICAL INVENTIONS--SHAKESPEAR JEST-BOOKS--CHANGE IN PUBLIC TASTE.”

convivial adjective US /kənˈvɪviəl/

occupied with or fond of the pleasures of good company

From this reading “CONTINENTAL INFLUENCE--THE “ANA”--THE “CONVIVIAL DISCOURSES”--WHIMSICAL INVENTIONS--SHAKESPEAR JEST-BOOKS--CHANGE IN PUBLIC TASTE.”

discourses noun US /dɪˈskɔːrsɪz/

plural of “discourse” — extended verbal expression in speech or writing

From this reading “CONTINENTAL INFLUENCE--THE “ANA”--THE “CONVIVIAL DISCOURSES”--WHIMSICAL INVENTIONS--SHAKESPEAR JEST-BOOKS--CHANGE IN PUBLIC TASTE.”

Erasmus noun US /ɪˈræzməs/

Dutch humanist and theologian who was the leading Renaissance scholar of northern Europe; although his criticisms of the Roman Catholic Church led to the Reformation, he opposed violence and condemned Martin Luther (1466-1536)

From this reading “The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.”

intersperse verb US /ˌɪntərˈspɜːrs/

place at intervals in or among

From this reading “This renders it less difficult to understand why the first makers of jest-books thought fit to intersperse their collections with choice passages from Plutarch and the rest.”

makers noun US /ˈmeɪkərz/

plural of “maker” — a person who makes things

From this reading “This renders it less difficult to understand why the first makers of jest-books thought fit to intersperse their collections with choice passages from Plutarch and the rest.”

Rotterdam noun US /ˈrɑːtərdæm/

the 2nd largest city in the Netherlands; located in the western Netherlands near the North Sea

From this reading “The great Rotterdam wit and philosopher appreciated sallies and strokes of humour which, in a modern English club or at a modern dining table, would scarcely stir a muscle; and he almost killed himself with laughing over the _Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, in which it is hard to discern where the peculiar piquancy ever lay.”

sallies noun US /ˈsæliz/

plural of “sally” — witty remark

From this reading “The great Rotterdam wit and philosopher appreciated sallies and strokes of humour which, in a modern English club or at a modern dining table, would scarcely stir a muscle; and he almost killed himself with laughing over the _Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, in which it is hard to discern where the peculiar piquancy ever lay.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

sixteenth century adjective + noun

In this reading “The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.”

dining table noun + noun

a table at which meals are served

In this reading “The great Rotterdam wit and philosopher appreciated sallies and strokes of humour which, in a modern English club or at a modern dining table, would scarcely stir a muscle; and he almost killed himself with laughing over the _Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, in which it is hard to discern where the peculiar piquancy ever lay.”

extracts from verb + particle counted as “extract from”

In this reading “The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.”

understand why verb + noun

In this reading “This renders it less difficult to understand why the first makers of jest-books thought fit to intersperse their collections with choice passages from Plutarch and the rest.”

less difficult adverb + adjective

In this reading “This renders it less difficult to understand why the first makers of jest-books thought fit to intersperse their collections with choice passages from Plutarch and the rest.”

All words in this reading · 111

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading The great Rotterdam wit and philosopher appreciated sallies and strokes of humour which, in a modern English club or at a modern dining table, would scarcely stir a muscle; and he almost killed himself with laughing over the _Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, in which it is hard to discern where the peculiar piquancy ever lay.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.

ANAnounUS /ˈɑːnə/

mother of the ancient Irish gods; sometimes identified with Danu

From this reading CONTINENTAL INFLUENCE--THE “ANA”--THE “CONVIVIAL DISCOURSES”--WHIMSICAL INVENTIONS--SHAKESPEAR JEST-BOOKS--CHANGE IN PUBLIC TASTE.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.

appealedverbUS /əˈpiːld/

past form of “appeal” — take a court case to a higher court for review

From this reading They appealed to a current taste and a sure market.

appreciatedadjectiveUS /əˈpriːʃieɪtɪd/

fully understood or grasped

From this reading The great Rotterdam wit and philosopher appreciated sallies and strokes of humour which, in a modern English club or at a modern dining table, would scarcely stir a muscle; and he almost killed himself with laughing over the _Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, in which it is hard to discern where the peculiar piquancy ever lay.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.

CHANGEverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading CONTINENTAL INFLUENCE--THE “ANA”--THE “CONVIVIAL DISCOURSES”--WHIMSICAL INVENTIONS--SHAKESPEAR JEST-BOOKS--CHANGE IN PUBLIC TASTE.

choicenounUS /tʃɔɪs/

the person or thing chosen or selected

From this reading This renders it less difficult to understand why the first makers of jest-books thought fit to intersperse their collections with choice passages from Plutarch and the rest.

clubnounUS /klʌb/

a team of professional baseball players who play and travel together

From this reading The great Rotterdam wit and philosopher appreciated sallies and strokes of humour which, in a modern English club or at a modern dining table, would scarcely stir a muscle; and he almost killed himself with laughing over the _Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, in which it is hard to discern where the peculiar piquancy ever lay.

collectionsnounUS /kəˈlekʃənz/

plural of “collection” — several things grouped together or considered as a whole

From this reading This renders it less difficult to understand why the first makers of jest-books thought fit to intersperse their collections with choice passages from Plutarch and the rest.

communitynounUS /kəˈmjuːnəti/

a group of people living in a particular local area

From this reading The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.

contemporariesnounUS /kənˈtempəreriz/

all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.

CONTINENTALadjectiveUS /ˌkɑːntəˈnentəl/

of or pertaining to or typical of Europe

From this reading CONTINENTAL INFLUENCE--THE “ANA”--THE “CONVIVIAL DISCOURSES”--WHIMSICAL INVENTIONS--SHAKESPEAR JEST-BOOKS--CHANGE IN PUBLIC TASTE.

contributedverbUS /kənˈtrɪbjuːtɪd/

past form of “contribute” — bestow a quality on

From this reading The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.

CONVIVIALadjectiveUS /kənˈvɪviəl/

occupied with or fond of the pleasures of good company

From this reading CONTINENTAL INFLUENCE--THE “ANA”--THE “CONVIVIAL DISCOURSES”--WHIMSICAL INVENTIONS--SHAKESPEAR JEST-BOOKS--CHANGE IN PUBLIC TASTE.

currentnounUS /ˈkɜːrənt/

a flow of electricity through a conductor

From this reading They appealed to a current taste and a sure market.

dealverbUS /diːl/

act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression

From this reading The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.

difficultadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfəkəlt/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading This renders it less difficult to understand why the first makers of jest-books thought fit to intersperse their collections with choice passages from Plutarch and the rest.

diningnounUS /ˈdaɪnɪŋ/

the act of eating dinner

From this reading The great Rotterdam wit and philosopher appreciated sallies and strokes of humour which, in a modern English club or at a modern dining table, would scarcely stir a muscle; and he almost killed himself with laughing over the _Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, in which it is hard to discern where the peculiar piquancy ever lay.

discernverbUS /dɪˈsɜːrn/

detect with the senses

From this reading The great Rotterdam wit and philosopher appreciated sallies and strokes of humour which, in a modern English club or at a modern dining table, would scarcely stir a muscle; and he almost killed himself with laughing over the _Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, in which it is hard to discern where the peculiar piquancy ever lay.

DISCOURSESnounUS /dɪˈskɔːrsɪz/

plural of “discourse” — extended verbal expression in speech or writing

From this reading CONTINENTAL INFLUENCE--THE “ANA”--THE “CONVIVIAL DISCOURSES”--WHIMSICAL INVENTIONS--SHAKESPEAR JEST-BOOKS--CHANGE IN PUBLIC TASTE.

drawverbUS /drɔː/

cause to move by pulling

From this reading The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading The great Rotterdam wit and philosopher appreciated sallies and strokes of humour which, in a modern English club or at a modern dining table, would scarcely stir a muscle; and he almost killed himself with laughing over the _Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, in which it is hard to discern where the peculiar piquancy ever lay.

Epistolæ

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The great Rotterdam wit and philosopher appreciated sallies and strokes of humour which, in a modern English club or at a modern dining table, would scarcely stir a muscle; and he almost killed himself with laughing over the _Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, in which it is hard to discern where the peculiar piquancy ever lay.

eranounUS /ˈerə/

a period marked by distinctive character or reckoned from a fixed point or event

From this reading The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.

ErasmusnounUS /ɪˈræzməs/

Dutch humanist and theologian who was the leading Renaissance scholar of northern Europe; although his criticisms of the Roman Catholic Church led to the Reformation, he opposed violence and condemned Martin Luther (1466-1536)

From this reading The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading The great Rotterdam wit and philosopher appreciated sallies and strokes of humour which, in a modern English club or at a modern dining table, would scarcely stir a muscle; and he almost killed himself with laughing over the _Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, in which it is hard to discern where the peculiar piquancy ever lay.

extractsnounUS /ˈekstrækts/

plural of “extract” — a solution obtained by steeping or soaking a substance (usually in water)

From this reading The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading This renders it less difficult to understand why the first makers of jest-books thought fit to intersperse their collections with choice passages from Plutarch and the rest.

fitverbUS /fɪt/

be agreeable or acceptable to

From this reading This renders it less difficult to understand why the first makers of jest-books thought fit to intersperse their collections with choice passages from Plutarch and the rest.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The great Rotterdam wit and philosopher appreciated sallies and strokes of humour which, in a modern English club or at a modern dining table, would scarcely stir a muscle; and he almost killed himself with laughing over the _Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, in which it is hard to discern where the peculiar piquancy ever lay.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading The great Rotterdam wit and philosopher appreciated sallies and strokes of humour which, in a modern English club or at a modern dining table, would scarcely stir a muscle; and he almost killed himself with laughing over the _Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, in which it is hard to discern where the peculiar piquancy ever lay.

harmonynounUS /ˈhɑːrməni/

compatibility in opinion and action

From this reading The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The great Rotterdam wit and philosopher appreciated sallies and strokes of humour which, in a modern English club or at a modern dining table, would scarcely stir a muscle; and he almost killed himself with laughing over the _Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, in which it is hard to discern where the peculiar piquancy ever lay.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading The great Rotterdam wit and philosopher appreciated sallies and strokes of humour which, in a modern English club or at a modern dining table, would scarcely stir a muscle; and he almost killed himself with laughing over the _Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, in which it is hard to discern where the peculiar piquancy ever lay.

humournounUS /ˈhjuːmər/

a characteristic (habitual or relatively temporary) state of feeling

From this reading The great Rotterdam wit and philosopher appreciated sallies and strokes of humour which, in a modern English club or at a modern dining table, would scarcely stir a muscle; and he almost killed himself with laughing over the _Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, in which it is hard to discern where the peculiar piquancy ever lay.

illustriousadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈlʌstriəs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading CONTINENTAL INFLUENCE--THE “ANA”--THE “CONVIVIAL DISCOURSES”--WHIMSICAL INVENTIONS--SHAKESPEAR JEST-BOOKS--CHANGE IN PUBLIC TASTE.

INFLUENCEnounUS /ˈɪnfluːəns/

a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading CONTINENTAL INFLUENCE--THE “ANA”--THE “CONVIVIAL DISCOURSES”--WHIMSICAL INVENTIONS--SHAKESPEAR JEST-BOOKS--CHANGE IN PUBLIC TASTE.

intersperseverbUS /ˌɪntərˈspɜːrs/

place at intervals in or among

From this reading This renders it less difficult to understand why the first makers of jest-books thought fit to intersperse their collections with choice passages from Plutarch and the rest.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.

INVENTIONSnounUS /ˌɪnˈvenʃənz/

plural of “invention” — the creation of something in the mind

From this reading CONTINENTAL INFLUENCE--THE “ANA”--THE “CONVIVIAL DISCOURSES”--WHIMSICAL INVENTIONS--SHAKESPEAR JEST-BOOKS--CHANGE IN PUBLIC TASTE.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The great Rotterdam wit and philosopher appreciated sallies and strokes of humour which, in a modern English club or at a modern dining table, would scarcely stir a muscle; and he almost killed himself with laughing over the _Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, in which it is hard to discern where the peculiar piquancy ever lay.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading This renders it less difficult to understand why the first makers of jest-books thought fit to intersperse their collections with choice passages from Plutarch and the rest.

JEST-BOOKS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CONTINENTAL INFLUENCE--THE “ANA”--THE “CONVIVIAL DISCOURSES”--WHIMSICAL INVENTIONS--SHAKESPEAR JEST-BOOKS--CHANGE IN PUBLIC TASTE.

killedverbUS /kɪld/

past form of “kill” — cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly

From this reading The great Rotterdam wit and philosopher appreciated sallies and strokes of humour which, in a modern English club or at a modern dining table, would scarcely stir a muscle; and he almost killed himself with laughing over the _Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, in which it is hard to discern where the peculiar piquancy ever lay.

lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.

laughingadjectiveUS /ˈlæfɪŋ/

showing or feeling mirth or pleasure or happiness

From this reading The great Rotterdam wit and philosopher appreciated sallies and strokes of humour which, in a modern English club or at a modern dining table, would scarcely stir a muscle; and he almost killed himself with laughing over the _Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, in which it is hard to discern where the peculiar piquancy ever lay.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The great Rotterdam wit and philosopher appreciated sallies and strokes of humour which, in a modern English club or at a modern dining table, would scarcely stir a muscle; and he almost killed himself with laughing over the _Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, in which it is hard to discern where the peculiar piquancy ever lay.

learningnounUS /ˈlɜːrnɪŋ/

the cognitive process of acquiring skill or knowledge

From this reading The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading This renders it less difficult to understand why the first makers of jest-books thought fit to intersperse their collections with choice passages from Plutarch and the rest.

limitedadjectiveUS /ˈlɪmətəd/

small in range or scope

From this reading The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.

literaryadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəreri/

of or relating to or characteristic of literature

From this reading The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.

makersnounUS /ˈmeɪkərz/

plural of “maker” — a person who makes things

From this reading This renders it less difficult to understand why the first makers of jest-books thought fit to intersperse their collections with choice passages from Plutarch and the rest.

marketnounUS /ˈmɑːrkət/

the world of commercial activity where goods and services are bought and sold

From this reading They appealed to a current taste and a sure market.

modernadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdərn/

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading The great Rotterdam wit and philosopher appreciated sallies and strokes of humour which, in a modern English club or at a modern dining table, would scarcely stir a muscle; and he almost killed himself with laughing over the _Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, in which it is hard to discern where the peculiar piquancy ever lay.

MoreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.

musclenounUS /ˈmʌsəl/

one of the contractile organs of the body

From this reading The great Rotterdam wit and philosopher appreciated sallies and strokes of humour which, in a modern English club or at a modern dining table, would scarcely stir a muscle; and he almost killed himself with laughing over the _Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, in which it is hard to discern where the peculiar piquancy ever lay.

Obscurorum

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The great Rotterdam wit and philosopher appreciated sallies and strokes of humour which, in a modern English club or at a modern dining table, would scarcely stir a muscle; and he almost killed himself with laughing over the _Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, in which it is hard to discern where the peculiar piquancy ever lay.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The great Rotterdam wit and philosopher appreciated sallies and strokes of humour which, in a modern English club or at a modern dining table, would scarcely stir a muscle; and he almost killed himself with laughing over the _Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, in which it is hard to discern where the peculiar piquancy ever lay.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The great Rotterdam wit and philosopher appreciated sallies and strokes of humour which, in a modern English club or at a modern dining table, would scarcely stir a muscle; and he almost killed himself with laughing over the _Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, in which it is hard to discern where the peculiar piquancy ever lay.

passagesnounUS /ˈpæsədʒəz/

plural of “passage” — the act of passing from one state or place to the next

From this reading This renders it less difficult to understand why the first makers of jest-books thought fit to intersperse their collections with choice passages from Plutarch and the rest.

peculiaradjectiveUS /pəˈkjuːljər/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading The great Rotterdam wit and philosopher appreciated sallies and strokes of humour which, in a modern English club or at a modern dining table, would scarcely stir a muscle; and he almost killed himself with laughing over the _Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, in which it is hard to discern where the peculiar piquancy ever lay.

philosophernounUS /fəˈlɑːsəfər/

a specialist in philosophy

From this reading The great Rotterdam wit and philosopher appreciated sallies and strokes of humour which, in a modern English club or at a modern dining table, would scarcely stir a muscle; and he almost killed himself with laughing over the _Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, in which it is hard to discern where the peculiar piquancy ever lay.

piquancynoun

a tart spicy quality

From this reading The great Rotterdam wit and philosopher appreciated sallies and strokes of humour which, in a modern English club or at a modern dining table, would scarcely stir a muscle; and he almost killed himself with laughing over the _Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, in which it is hard to discern where the peculiar piquancy ever lay.

Plutarchnoun

Greek biographer who wrote Parallel Lives (46?-120 AD)

From this reading This renders it less difficult to understand why the first makers of jest-books thought fit to intersperse their collections with choice passages from Plutarch and the rest.

popularadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːpjələr/

regarded with great favor, approval, or affection especially by the general public

From this reading The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.

PUBLICnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading CONTINENTAL INFLUENCE--THE “ANA”--THE “CONVIVIAL DISCOURSES”--WHIMSICAL INVENTIONS--SHAKESPEAR JEST-BOOKS--CHANGE IN PUBLIC TASTE.

readingnounUS /ˈriːdɪŋ/

the cognitive process of understanding a written linguistic message

From this reading The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.

rendersnounUS /ˈrendərz/

plural of “render” — a substance similar to stucco but exclusively applied to masonry walls

From this reading This renders it less difficult to understand why the first makers of jest-books thought fit to intersperse their collections with choice passages from Plutarch and the rest.

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading This renders it less difficult to understand why the first makers of jest-books thought fit to intersperse their collections with choice passages from Plutarch and the rest.

revivalnounUS /rɪˈvaɪvəl/

bringing again into activity and prominence

From this reading The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.

RomanadjectiveUS /ˈroʊmən/

relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

From this reading The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.

RotterdamnounUS /ˈrɑːtərdæm/

the 2nd largest city in the Netherlands; located in the western Netherlands near the North Sea

From this reading The great Rotterdam wit and philosopher appreciated sallies and strokes of humour which, in a modern English club or at a modern dining table, would scarcely stir a muscle; and he almost killed himself with laughing over the _Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, in which it is hard to discern where the peculiar piquancy ever lay.

salliesnounUS /ˈsæliz/

plural of “sally” — witty remark

From this reading The great Rotterdam wit and philosopher appreciated sallies and strokes of humour which, in a modern English club or at a modern dining table, would scarcely stir a muscle; and he almost killed himself with laughing over the _Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, in which it is hard to discern where the peculiar piquancy ever lay.

scarcelyadverbUS /ˈskersli/

only a very short time before

From this reading The great Rotterdam wit and philosopher appreciated sallies and strokes of humour which, in a modern English club or at a modern dining table, would scarcely stir a muscle; and he almost killed himself with laughing over the _Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, in which it is hard to discern where the peculiar piquancy ever lay.

SHAKESPEAR

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading CONTINENTAL INFLUENCE--THE “ANA”--THE “CONVIVIAL DISCOURSES”--WHIMSICAL INVENTIONS--SHAKESPEAR JEST-BOOKS--CHANGE IN PUBLIC TASTE.

sixteenthadjectiveUS /sɪkˈstiːnθ/

coming next after the fifteenth in position

From this reading The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.

stirverbUS /stɜːr/

move an implement through

From this reading The great Rotterdam wit and philosopher appreciated sallies and strokes of humour which, in a modern English club or at a modern dining table, would scarcely stir a muscle; and he almost killed himself with laughing over the _Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, in which it is hard to discern where the peculiar piquancy ever lay.

strokesnounUS /stroʊks/

plural of “stroke” — (sports) the act of swinging or striking at a ball with a club or racket or bat or cue or hand

From this reading The great Rotterdam wit and philosopher appreciated sallies and strokes of humour which, in a modern English club or at a modern dining table, would scarcely stir a muscle; and he almost killed himself with laughing over the _Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, in which it is hard to discern where the peculiar piquancy ever lay.

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading They appealed to a current taste and a sure market.

tablenounUS /ˈteɪbəl/

a set of data arranged in rows and columns

From this reading The great Rotterdam wit and philosopher appreciated sallies and strokes of humour which, in a modern English club or at a modern dining table, would scarcely stir a muscle; and he almost killed himself with laughing over the _Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, in which it is hard to discern where the peculiar piquancy ever lay.

TASTEverbUS /teɪst/

To perceive flavor through the mouth.

From this reading CONTINENTAL INFLUENCE--THE “ANA”--THE “CONVIVIAL DISCOURSES”--WHIMSICAL INVENTIONS--SHAKESPEAR JEST-BOOKS--CHANGE IN PUBLIC TASTE.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading CONTINENTAL INFLUENCE--THE “ANA”--THE “CONVIVIAL DISCOURSES”--WHIMSICAL INVENTIONS--SHAKESPEAR JEST-BOOKS--CHANGE IN PUBLIC TASTE.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They appealed to a current taste and a sure market.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This renders it less difficult to understand why the first makers of jest-books thought fit to intersperse their collections with choice passages from Plutarch and the rest.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.

understandverbUS /ˌʌndərˈstænd/

know and comprehend the nature or meaning of

From this reading This renders it less difficult to understand why the first makers of jest-books thought fit to intersperse their collections with choice passages from Plutarch and the rest.

Virorum

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The great Rotterdam wit and philosopher appreciated sallies and strokes of humour which, in a modern English club or at a modern dining table, would scarcely stir a muscle; and he almost killed himself with laughing over the _Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, in which it is hard to discern where the peculiar piquancy ever lay.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading The great Rotterdam wit and philosopher appreciated sallies and strokes of humour which, in a modern English club or at a modern dining table, would scarcely stir a muscle; and he almost killed himself with laughing over the _Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, in which it is hard to discern where the peculiar piquancy ever lay.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The great Rotterdam wit and philosopher appreciated sallies and strokes of humour which, in a modern English club or at a modern dining table, would scarcely stir a muscle; and he almost killed himself with laughing over the _Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, in which it is hard to discern where the peculiar piquancy ever lay.

WHIMSICALadjectiveUS /ˈwɪmzɪkəl/

determined by chance or impulse or whim rather than by necessity or reason

From this reading CONTINENTAL INFLUENCE--THE “ANA”--THE “CONVIVIAL DISCOURSES”--WHIMSICAL INVENTIONS--SHAKESPEAR JEST-BOOKS--CHANGE IN PUBLIC TASTE.

whynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading This renders it less difficult to understand why the first makers of jest-books thought fit to intersperse their collections with choice passages from Plutarch and the rest.

witnounUS /wɪt/

a message whose ingenuity or verbal skill or incongruity has the power to evoke laughter

From this reading The great Rotterdam wit and philosopher appreciated sallies and strokes of humour which, in a modern English club or at a modern dining table, would scarcely stir a muscle; and he almost killed himself with laughing over the _Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, in which it is hard to discern where the peculiar piquancy ever lay.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading The great Rotterdam wit and philosopher appreciated sallies and strokes of humour which, in a modern English club or at a modern dining table, would scarcely stir a muscle; and he almost killed himself with laughing over the _Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum_, in which it is hard to discern where the peculiar piquancy ever lay.

writersnounUS /ˈraɪtərz/

plural of “writer” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading The influence of Erasmus, More, and a few of their illustrious contemporaries, at the revival of learning, contributed a good deal to make extracts from the ancient writers popular among the limited reading community, and to draw the literary thought of the sixteenth century into harmony for a time with that of the later Roman era.

Chapter 12 of Studies in jocular literature by William Carew Hazlitt holds 60 sentences, grouped into 12 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

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Chapter 12 holds 60 sentences of Studies in jocular literature, unabridged, divided into 12 reading sections.

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