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Studies in Literature
Studies in Literature

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Studies in Literature is here in full — 420 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/84 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
NOTE.
The contents of the present collection have all been in print before, either in the _Nineteenth Century_ and _Fortnightly Review_, or in some other shape.
I have to thank the proprietors of the two periodicals named for sanctioning the reproduction of my articles here.
_October_ 1890.
The poet whose works are contained in the present volume was born in the little town of Cockermouth, in Cumberland, on April 7, 1770.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Studies in Literature

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Studies in Literature is here in full — 420 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/84 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
NOTE.
/noʊt/
Line 2
The contents of the present collection have all been in print before, either in the _Nineteenth Century_ and _Fortnightly Review_, or in some other shape.
/ðə ˈkɑːntents ʌv ðə ˈprezənt kəˈlekʃən hæv ɔːl bɪn ɪn prɪnt bɪˈfɔːr ˈiːðər ɪn ðə ˈnaɪnˈtiːnθ ˈsentʃəri ənd ˈfɔːrtnaɪtli ˌriːˈvjuː ɔːr ɪn sʌm ˈʌðər ʃeɪp/
Line 3
I have to thank the proprietors of the two periodicals named for sanctioning the reproduction of my articles here.
/aɪ hæv tuː θæŋk ðə prəˈpraɪətərz ʌv ðə tuː ˌpɪriˈɑːdɪkəlz neɪmd fɔːr ˈsæŋkʃənɪŋ ðə ˌriːprəˈdʌkʃən ʌv maɪ ˈɑːrtəkəlz hiːr/
Line 4
_October_ 1890.
Line 5
The poet whose works are contained in the present volume was born in the little town of Cockermouth, in Cumberland, on April 7, 1770.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Cumberland noun US /ˈkʌmbərlənd/

English general; son of George II; fought unsuccessfully in the battle of Fontenoy (1721-1765)

From this reading “The poet whose works are contained in the present volume was born in the little town of Cockermouth, in Cumberland, on April 7, 1770.”

Fortnightly adjective US /ˈfɔːrtnaɪtli/

occurring every two weeks

Nineteenth adjective US /ˈnaɪnˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the eighteenth in position

periodicals noun US /ˌpɪriˈɑːdɪkəlz/

plural of “periodical” — a publication that appears at fixed intervals

From this reading “I have to thank the proprietors of the two periodicals named for sanctioning the reproduction of my articles here.”

proprietors noun US /prəˈpraɪətərz/

plural of “proprietor” — (law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business

From this reading “I have to thank the proprietors of the two periodicals named for sanctioning the reproduction of my articles here.”

reproduction noun US /ˌriːprəˈdʌkʃən/

the process of generating offspring

From this reading “I have to thank the proprietors of the two periodicals named for sanctioning the reproduction of my articles here.”

Review noun US /ˌriːˈvjuː/

a new appraisal or evaluation

sanctioning adjective US /ˈsæŋkʃənɪŋ/

implying sanction or serving to sanction

From this reading “I have to thank the proprietors of the two periodicals named for sanctioning the reproduction of my articles here.”

All words in this reading · 53

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1770

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The poet whose works are contained in the present volume was born in the little town of Cockermouth, in Cumberland, on April 7, 1770.

1890

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _October_ 1890.

7

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The poet whose works are contained in the present volume was born in the little town of Cockermouth, in Cumberland, on April 7, 1770.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The contents of the present collection have all been in print before, either in the _Nineteenth Century_ and _Fortnightly Review_, or in some other shape.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The contents of the present collection have all been in print before, either in the _Nineteenth Century_ and _Fortnightly Review_, or in some other shape.

AprilnounUS /ˈeɪprəl/

the month following March and preceding May

From this reading The poet whose works are contained in the present volume was born in the little town of Cockermouth, in Cumberland, on April 7, 1770.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The poet whose works are contained in the present volume was born in the little town of Cockermouth, in Cumberland, on April 7, 1770.

articlesnounUS /ˈɑːrtəkəlz/

plural of “article” — nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication

From this reading I have to thank the proprietors of the two periodicals named for sanctioning the reproduction of my articles here.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The contents of the present collection have all been in print before, either in the _Nineteenth Century_ and _Fortnightly Review_, or in some other shape.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The contents of the present collection have all been in print before, either in the _Nineteenth Century_ and _Fortnightly Review_, or in some other shape.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading The poet whose works are contained in the present volume was born in the little town of Cockermouth, in Cumberland, on April 7, 1770.

CenturynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading The contents of the present collection have all been in print before, either in the _Nineteenth Century_ and _Fortnightly Review_, or in some other shape.

Cockermouth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The poet whose works are contained in the present volume was born in the little town of Cockermouth, in Cumberland, on April 7, 1770.

collectionnounUS /kəˈlekʃən/

several things grouped together or considered as a whole

From this reading The contents of the present collection have all been in print before, either in the _Nineteenth Century_ and _Fortnightly Review_, or in some other shape.

containedadjectiveUS /kənˈteɪnd/

gotten under control

From this reading The poet whose works are contained in the present volume was born in the little town of Cockermouth, in Cumberland, on April 7, 1770.

contentsnounUS /ˈkɑːntents/

(usually plural) everything that is included in a collection and that is held or included in something

From this reading The contents of the present collection have all been in print before, either in the _Nineteenth Century_ and _Fortnightly Review_, or in some other shape.

CumberlandnounUS /ˈkʌmbərlənd/

English general; son of George II; fought unsuccessfully in the battle of Fontenoy (1721-1765)

From this reading The poet whose works are contained in the present volume was born in the little town of Cockermouth, in Cumberland, on April 7, 1770.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading The contents of the present collection have all been in print before, either in the _Nineteenth Century_ and _Fortnightly Review_, or in some other shape.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading I have to thank the proprietors of the two periodicals named for sanctioning the reproduction of my articles here.

FortnightlyadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrtnaɪtli/

occurring every two weeks

From this reading The contents of the present collection have all been in print before, either in the _Nineteenth Century_ and _Fortnightly Review_, or in some other shape.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The contents of the present collection have all been in print before, either in the _Nineteenth Century_ and _Fortnightly Review_, or in some other shape.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading I have to thank the proprietors of the two periodicals named for sanctioning the reproduction of my articles here.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I have to thank the proprietors of the two periodicals named for sanctioning the reproduction of my articles here.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The contents of the present collection have all been in print before, either in the _Nineteenth Century_ and _Fortnightly Review_, or in some other shape.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The poet whose works are contained in the present volume was born in the little town of Cockermouth, in Cumberland, on April 7, 1770.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading I have to thank the proprietors of the two periodicals named for sanctioning the reproduction of my articles here.

namedverbUS /neɪmd/

past form of “name” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading I have to thank the proprietors of the two periodicals named for sanctioning the reproduction of my articles here.

NineteenthadjectiveUS /ˈnaɪnˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the eighteenth in position

From this reading The contents of the present collection have all been in print before, either in the _Nineteenth Century_ and _Fortnightly Review_, or in some other shape.

NOTEnounUS /noʊt/

a brief written record

From this reading NOTE.

OctobernounUS /ɑːkˈtoʊbər/

the month following September and preceding November

From this reading _October_ 1890.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The contents of the present collection have all been in print before, either in the _Nineteenth Century_ and _Fortnightly Review_, or in some other shape.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The poet whose works are contained in the present volume was born in the little town of Cockermouth, in Cumberland, on April 7, 1770.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The contents of the present collection have all been in print before, either in the _Nineteenth Century_ and _Fortnightly Review_, or in some other shape.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The contents of the present collection have all been in print before, either in the _Nineteenth Century_ and _Fortnightly Review_, or in some other shape.

periodicalsnounUS /ˌpɪriˈɑːdɪkəlz/

plural of “periodical” — a publication that appears at fixed intervals

From this reading I have to thank the proprietors of the two periodicals named for sanctioning the reproduction of my articles here.

poetnounUS /ˈpoʊət/

a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading The poet whose works are contained in the present volume was born in the little town of Cockermouth, in Cumberland, on April 7, 1770.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading The contents of the present collection have all been in print before, either in the _Nineteenth Century_ and _Fortnightly Review_, or in some other shape.

printnounUS /prɪnt/

the text appearing in a book, newspaper, or other printed publication

From this reading The contents of the present collection have all been in print before, either in the _Nineteenth Century_ and _Fortnightly Review_, or in some other shape.

proprietorsnounUS /prəˈpraɪətərz/

plural of “proprietor” — (law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business

From this reading I have to thank the proprietors of the two periodicals named for sanctioning the reproduction of my articles here.

reproductionnounUS /ˌriːprəˈdʌkʃən/

the process of generating offspring

From this reading I have to thank the proprietors of the two periodicals named for sanctioning the reproduction of my articles here.

ReviewnounUS /ˌriːˈvjuː/

a new appraisal or evaluation

From this reading The contents of the present collection have all been in print before, either in the _Nineteenth Century_ and _Fortnightly Review_, or in some other shape.

sanctioningadjectiveUS /ˈsæŋkʃənɪŋ/

implying sanction or serving to sanction

From this reading I have to thank the proprietors of the two periodicals named for sanctioning the reproduction of my articles here.

shapenounUS /ʃeɪp/

any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline)

From this reading The contents of the present collection have all been in print before, either in the _Nineteenth Century_ and _Fortnightly Review_, or in some other shape.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The contents of the present collection have all been in print before, either in the _Nineteenth Century_ and _Fortnightly Review_, or in some other shape.

thankverbUS /θæŋk/

express gratitude or show appreciation to

From this reading I have to thank the proprietors of the two periodicals named for sanctioning the reproduction of my articles here.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The contents of the present collection have all been in print before, either in the _Nineteenth Century_ and _Fortnightly Review_, or in some other shape.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I have to thank the proprietors of the two periodicals named for sanctioning the reproduction of my articles here.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading The poet whose works are contained in the present volume was born in the little town of Cockermouth, in Cumberland, on April 7, 1770.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading I have to thank the proprietors of the two periodicals named for sanctioning the reproduction of my articles here.

volumenounUS /ˈvɑːljuːm/

the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading The poet whose works are contained in the present volume was born in the little town of Cockermouth, in Cumberland, on April 7, 1770.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The poet whose works are contained in the present volume was born in the little town of Cockermouth, in Cumberland, on April 7, 1770.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading The poet whose works are contained in the present volume was born in the little town of Cockermouth, in Cumberland, on April 7, 1770.

worksnounUS /wɜːrks/

buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading The poet whose works are contained in the present volume was born in the little town of Cockermouth, in Cumberland, on April 7, 1770.

Chapter 1 of Studies in Literature by John Morley holds 420 sentences, grouped into 84 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Studies in Literature contain?

Chapter 1 holds 420 sentences of Studies in Literature, unabridged, divided into 84 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Studies in Literature by John Morley exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 420 sentences, grouped into 84 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Studies in Literature?

Work through the 84 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 84 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Studies in Literature

Common questions about reading Studies in Literature by John Morley on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Studies in Literature?

Yes. All 2478 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #12001 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Studies in Literature is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #12001, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Studies in Literature take to read?

About 206 minutes of reading across 496 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Studies in Literature section by section

How to work through Studies in Literature section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 6 chapters of Studies in Literature to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Studies in Literature

Words and structures a reader meets early in Studies in Literature, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Contents
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Studies in Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Present
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Studies in Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Collection
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Studies in Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Print
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Studies in Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.