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Studies in Literature
Studies in Literature

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Studies in Literature is here in full — 418 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/83 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Such language as all this is hardly that of a disciple to a master, in respect of theories and principles which he is making his own for the use of a lifetime.
"There has been no attempt" [in these pages], I said in winding up, "to palliate either the shallowness or the practical mischievousness of the _Social Contract_.
But there is another side to its influence.
We should be false to our critical principle, if we do not recognise the historical effect of a speculation scientifically valueless."
Any writer would have stamped himself as both unfit for the task that I had undertaken, and entirely below the level of the highest critical standard of the day, if he had for a moment dreamed of taking any other point of view.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Studies in Literature

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Studies in Literature is here in full — 418 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/83 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Such language as all this is hardly that of a disciple to a master, in respect of theories and principles which he is making his own for the use of a lifetime.
/sʌtʃ ˈlæŋɡwədʒ æz ɔːl ðɪs ɪz ˈhɑːrdli ðæt ʌv ə dɪˈsaɪpəl tuː ə ˈmæstər ɪn rɪˈspekt ʌv ˈθɪriz ənd ˈprɪnsəpəlz wɪtʃ hiː ɪz ˈmeɪkɪŋ hɪz oʊn fɔːr ðə juːs ʌv ə ˈlaɪftaɪm/
Line 2
"There has been no attempt" [in these pages], I said in winding up, "to palliate either the shallowness or the practical mischievousness of the _Social Contract_.
Line 3
But there is another side to its influence.
/bʌt ðer ɪz əˈnʌðər saɪd tuː ɪts ˈɪnfluːəns/
Line 4
We should be false to our critical principle, if we do not recognise the historical effect of a speculation scientifically valueless."
/wiː ʃʊd biː fɔːls tuː ˈaʊər ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˈprɪnsəpəl ɪf wiː duː nɑːt ˈrekəɡnaɪz ðə hɪˈstɔːrɪkəl ɪˈfekt ʌv ə ˌspekjəˈleɪʃən ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪkəli ˈvæljuːləs/
Line 5
Any writer would have stamped himself as both unfit for the task that I had undertaken, and entirely below the level of the highest critical standard of the day, if he had for a moment dreamed of taking any other point of view.
/ˈeni ˈraɪtər wʊd hæv stæmpt hɪmˈself æz boʊθ ənˈfɪt fɔːr ðə tæsk ðæt aɪ hæd ˈʌndərteɪkən ənd ɪnˈtaɪərli bɪˈloʊ ðə ˈlevəl ʌv ðə ˈhaɪəst ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˈstændərd ʌv ðə deɪ ɪf hiː hæd fɔːr ə ˈmoʊmənt driːmd ʌv ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈeni ˈʌðər pɔɪnt ʌv vjuː/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

disciple noun US /dɪˈsaɪpəl/

someone who believes and helps to spread the doctrine of another

From this reading “Such language as all this is hardly that of a disciple to a master, in respect of theories and principles which he is making his own for the use of a lifetime.”

recognise verb US /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/

show approval or appreciation of

From this reading “We should be false to our critical principle, if we do not recognise the historical effect of a speculation scientifically valueless."”

scientifically adverb US /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪkəli/

with respect to science; in a scientific way

From this reading “We should be false to our critical principle, if we do not recognise the historical effect of a speculation scientifically valueless."”

shallowness noun US /ˈʃæloʊnəs/

lack of depth of knowledge or thought or feeling

From this reading “"There has been no attempt" [in these pages], I said in winding up, "to palliate either the shallowness or the practical mischievousness of the _Social Contract_.”

theories noun US /ˈθɪriz/

plural of “theory” — a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena

From this reading “Such language as all this is hardly that of a disciple to a master, in respect of theories and principles which he is making his own for the use of a lifetime.”

undertaken verb US /ˈʌndərteɪkən/

inflected form of “undertake” — enter upon an activity or enterprise

From this reading “Any writer would have stamped himself as both unfit for the task that I had undertaken, and entirely below the level of the highest critical standard of the day, if he had for a moment dreamed of taking any other point of view.”

unfit adjective US /ənˈfɪt/

below the required standards for a purpose

From this reading “Any writer would have stamped himself as both unfit for the task that I had undertaken, and entirely below the level of the highest critical standard of the day, if he had for a moment dreamed of taking any other point of view.”

valueless adjective US /ˈvæljuːləs/

of no value

From this reading “We should be false to our critical principle, if we do not recognise the historical effect of a speculation scientifically valueless."”

All words in this reading · 90

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Such language as all this is hardly that of a disciple to a master, in respect of theories and principles which he is making his own for the use of a lifetime.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Such language as all this is hardly that of a disciple to a master, in respect of theories and principles which he is making his own for the use of a lifetime.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Such language as all this is hardly that of a disciple to a master, in respect of theories and principles which he is making his own for the use of a lifetime.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading But there is another side to its influence.

AnyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Any writer would have stamped himself as both unfit for the task that I had undertaken, and entirely below the level of the highest critical standard of the day, if he had for a moment dreamed of taking any other point of view.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Such language as all this is hardly that of a disciple to a master, in respect of theories and principles which he is making his own for the use of a lifetime.

attemptnounUS /əˈtempt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading "There has been no attempt" [in these pages], I said in winding up, "to palliate either the shallowness or the practical mischievousness of the _Social Contract_.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading We should be false to our critical principle, if we do not recognise the historical effect of a speculation scientifically valueless."

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading "There has been no attempt" [in these pages], I said in winding up, "to palliate either the shallowness or the practical mischievousness of the _Social Contract_.

belowprepositionUS /bɪˈloʊ/

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading Any writer would have stamped himself as both unfit for the task that I had undertaken, and entirely below the level of the highest critical standard of the day, if he had for a moment dreamed of taking any other point of view.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading Any writer would have stamped himself as both unfit for the task that I had undertaken, and entirely below the level of the highest critical standard of the day, if he had for a moment dreamed of taking any other point of view.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But there is another side to its influence.

ContractverbUS /ˈkɑːntrækt/

enter into a contractual arrangement

From this reading "There has been no attempt" [in these pages], I said in winding up, "to palliate either the shallowness or the practical mischievousness of the _Social Contract_.

criticaladjectiveUS /ˈkrɪtɪkəl/

marked by a tendency to find and call attention to errors and flaws

From this reading We should be false to our critical principle, if we do not recognise the historical effect of a speculation scientifically valueless."

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Any writer would have stamped himself as both unfit for the task that I had undertaken, and entirely below the level of the highest critical standard of the day, if he had for a moment dreamed of taking any other point of view.

disciplenounUS /dɪˈsaɪpəl/

someone who believes and helps to spread the doctrine of another

From this reading Such language as all this is hardly that of a disciple to a master, in respect of theories and principles which he is making his own for the use of a lifetime.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading We should be false to our critical principle, if we do not recognise the historical effect of a speculation scientifically valueless."

dreamedadjectiveUS /driːmd/

conceived of or imagined or hoped for

From this reading Any writer would have stamped himself as both unfit for the task that I had undertaken, and entirely below the level of the highest critical standard of the day, if he had for a moment dreamed of taking any other point of view.

effectnounUS /ɪˈfekt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading We should be false to our critical principle, if we do not recognise the historical effect of a speculation scientifically valueless."

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading "There has been no attempt" [in these pages], I said in winding up, "to palliate either the shallowness or the practical mischievousness of the _Social Contract_.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading Any writer would have stamped himself as both unfit for the task that I had undertaken, and entirely below the level of the highest critical standard of the day, if he had for a moment dreamed of taking any other point of view.

falseadjectiveUS /fɔːls/

not in accordance with the fact or reality or actuality

From this reading We should be false to our critical principle, if we do not recognise the historical effect of a speculation scientifically valueless."

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Such language as all this is hardly that of a disciple to a master, in respect of theories and principles which he is making his own for the use of a lifetime.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Any writer would have stamped himself as both unfit for the task that I had undertaken, and entirely below the level of the highest critical standard of the day, if he had for a moment dreamed of taking any other point of view.

hardlyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdli/

only a very short time before

From this reading Such language as all this is hardly that of a disciple to a master, in respect of theories and principles which he is making his own for the use of a lifetime.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "There has been no attempt" [in these pages], I said in winding up, "to palliate either the shallowness or the practical mischievousness of the _Social Contract_.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Any writer would have stamped himself as both unfit for the task that I had undertaken, and entirely below the level of the highest critical standard of the day, if he had for a moment dreamed of taking any other point of view.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Such language as all this is hardly that of a disciple to a master, in respect of theories and principles which he is making his own for the use of a lifetime.

highestadjectiveUS /ˈhaɪəst/

superlative of “high” — greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Any writer would have stamped himself as both unfit for the task that I had undertaken, and entirely below the level of the highest critical standard of the day, if he had for a moment dreamed of taking any other point of view.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Any writer would have stamped himself as both unfit for the task that I had undertaken, and entirely below the level of the highest critical standard of the day, if he had for a moment dreamed of taking any other point of view.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Such language as all this is hardly that of a disciple to a master, in respect of theories and principles which he is making his own for the use of a lifetime.

historicaladjectiveUS /hɪˈstɔːrɪkəl/

of or relating to the study of history

From this reading We should be false to our critical principle, if we do not recognise the historical effect of a speculation scientifically valueless."

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "There has been no attempt" [in these pages], I said in winding up, "to palliate either the shallowness or the practical mischievousness of the _Social Contract_.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading We should be false to our critical principle, if we do not recognise the historical effect of a speculation scientifically valueless."

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Such language as all this is hardly that of a disciple to a master, in respect of theories and principles which he is making his own for the use of a lifetime.

influencenounUS /ˈɪnfluːəns/

a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading But there is another side to its influence.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Such language as all this is hardly that of a disciple to a master, in respect of theories and principles which he is making his own for the use of a lifetime.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading But there is another side to its influence.

languagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading Such language as all this is hardly that of a disciple to a master, in respect of theories and principles which he is making his own for the use of a lifetime.

levelnounUS /ˈlevəl/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading Any writer would have stamped himself as both unfit for the task that I had undertaken, and entirely below the level of the highest critical standard of the day, if he had for a moment dreamed of taking any other point of view.

lifetimenounUS /ˈlaɪftaɪm/

the period during which something is functional (as between birth and death)

From this reading Such language as all this is hardly that of a disciple to a master, in respect of theories and principles which he is making his own for the use of a lifetime.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading Such language as all this is hardly that of a disciple to a master, in respect of theories and principles which he is making his own for the use of a lifetime.

masternounUS /ˈmæstər/

an artist of consummate skill

From this reading Such language as all this is hardly that of a disciple to a master, in respect of theories and principles which he is making his own for the use of a lifetime.

mischievousnessnoun

an attribute of mischievous children

From this reading "There has been no attempt" [in these pages], I said in winding up, "to palliate either the shallowness or the practical mischievousness of the _Social Contract_.

momentnounUS /ˈmoʊmənt/

a particular point in time

From this reading Any writer would have stamped himself as both unfit for the task that I had undertaken, and entirely below the level of the highest critical standard of the day, if he had for a moment dreamed of taking any other point of view.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading "There has been no attempt" [in these pages], I said in winding up, "to palliate either the shallowness or the practical mischievousness of the _Social Contract_.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading We should be false to our critical principle, if we do not recognise the historical effect of a speculation scientifically valueless."

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Such language as all this is hardly that of a disciple to a master, in respect of theories and principles which he is making his own for the use of a lifetime.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading "There has been no attempt" [in these pages], I said in winding up, "to palliate either the shallowness or the practical mischievousness of the _Social Contract_.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Any writer would have stamped himself as both unfit for the task that I had undertaken, and entirely below the level of the highest critical standard of the day, if he had for a moment dreamed of taking any other point of view.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading We should be false to our critical principle, if we do not recognise the historical effect of a speculation scientifically valueless."

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Such language as all this is hardly that of a disciple to a master, in respect of theories and principles which he is making his own for the use of a lifetime.

pagesnounUS /ˈpeɪdʒəz/

plural of “page” — one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains

From this reading "There has been no attempt" [in these pages], I said in winding up, "to palliate either the shallowness or the practical mischievousness of the _Social Contract_.

palliateverb

lessen or to try to lessen the seriousness or extent of

From this reading "There has been no attempt" [in these pages], I said in winding up, "to palliate either the shallowness or the practical mischievousness of the _Social Contract_.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading Any writer would have stamped himself as both unfit for the task that I had undertaken, and entirely below the level of the highest critical standard of the day, if he had for a moment dreamed of taking any other point of view.

practicaladjectiveUS /ˈpræktəkəl/

concerned with actual use or practice

From this reading "There has been no attempt" [in these pages], I said in winding up, "to palliate either the shallowness or the practical mischievousness of the _Social Contract_.

principlenounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəl/

a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading We should be false to our critical principle, if we do not recognise the historical effect of a speculation scientifically valueless."

principlesnounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəlz/

plural of “principle” — a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading Such language as all this is hardly that of a disciple to a master, in respect of theories and principles which he is making his own for the use of a lifetime.

recogniseverbUS /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/

show approval or appreciation of

From this reading We should be false to our critical principle, if we do not recognise the historical effect of a speculation scientifically valueless."

respectnounUS /rɪˈspekt/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading Such language as all this is hardly that of a disciple to a master, in respect of theories and principles which he is making his own for the use of a lifetime.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading "There has been no attempt" [in these pages], I said in winding up, "to palliate either the shallowness or the practical mischievousness of the _Social Contract_.

scientificallyadverbUS /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪkəli/

with respect to science; in a scientific way

From this reading We should be false to our critical principle, if we do not recognise the historical effect of a speculation scientifically valueless."

shallownessnounUS /ˈʃæloʊnəs/

lack of depth of knowledge or thought or feeling

From this reading "There has been no attempt" [in these pages], I said in winding up, "to palliate either the shallowness or the practical mischievousness of the _Social Contract_.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading We should be false to our critical principle, if we do not recognise the historical effect of a speculation scientifically valueless."

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading But there is another side to its influence.

SocialadjectiveUS /ˈsoʊʃəl/

relating to human society and its members

From this reading "There has been no attempt" [in these pages], I said in winding up, "to palliate either the shallowness or the practical mischievousness of the _Social Contract_.

speculationnounUS /ˌspekjəˈleɪʃən/

a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence

From this reading We should be false to our critical principle, if we do not recognise the historical effect of a speculation scientifically valueless."

stampedverbUS /stæmpt/

past form of “stamp” — walk heavily

From this reading Any writer would have stamped himself as both unfit for the task that I had undertaken, and entirely below the level of the highest critical standard of the day, if he had for a moment dreamed of taking any other point of view.

standardadjectiveUS /ˈstændərd/

conforming to or constituting a standard of measurement or value; or of the usual or regularized or accepted kind

From this reading Any writer would have stamped himself as both unfit for the task that I had undertaken, and entirely below the level of the highest critical standard of the day, if he had for a moment dreamed of taking any other point of view.

SuchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Such language as all this is hardly that of a disciple to a master, in respect of theories and principles which he is making his own for the use of a lifetime.

takingnounUS /ˈteɪkɪŋ/

the act of someone who picks up or takes something

From this reading Any writer would have stamped himself as both unfit for the task that I had undertaken, and entirely below the level of the highest critical standard of the day, if he had for a moment dreamed of taking any other point of view.

tasknounUS /tæsk/

any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading Any writer would have stamped himself as both unfit for the task that I had undertaken, and entirely below the level of the highest critical standard of the day, if he had for a moment dreamed of taking any other point of view.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Such language as all this is hardly that of a disciple to a master, in respect of theories and principles which he is making his own for the use of a lifetime.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Such language as all this is hardly that of a disciple to a master, in respect of theories and principles which he is making his own for the use of a lifetime.

theoriesnounUS /ˈθɪriz/

plural of “theory” — a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena

From this reading Such language as all this is hardly that of a disciple to a master, in respect of theories and principles which he is making his own for the use of a lifetime.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading "There has been no attempt" [in these pages], I said in winding up, "to palliate either the shallowness or the practical mischievousness of the _Social Contract_.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading "There has been no attempt" [in these pages], I said in winding up, "to palliate either the shallowness or the practical mischievousness of the _Social Contract_.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Such language as all this is hardly that of a disciple to a master, in respect of theories and principles which he is making his own for the use of a lifetime.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Such language as all this is hardly that of a disciple to a master, in respect of theories and principles which he is making his own for the use of a lifetime.

undertakenverbUS /ˈʌndərteɪkən/

inflected form of “undertake” — enter upon an activity or enterprise

From this reading Any writer would have stamped himself as both unfit for the task that I had undertaken, and entirely below the level of the highest critical standard of the day, if he had for a moment dreamed of taking any other point of view.

unfitadjectiveUS /ənˈfɪt/

below the required standards for a purpose

From this reading Any writer would have stamped himself as both unfit for the task that I had undertaken, and entirely below the level of the highest critical standard of the day, if he had for a moment dreamed of taking any other point of view.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading "There has been no attempt" [in these pages], I said in winding up, "to palliate either the shallowness or the practical mischievousness of the _Social Contract_.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading Such language as all this is hardly that of a disciple to a master, in respect of theories and principles which he is making his own for the use of a lifetime.

valuelessadjectiveUS /ˈvæljuːləs/

of no value

From this reading We should be false to our critical principle, if we do not recognise the historical effect of a speculation scientifically valueless."

viewnounUS /vjuː/

a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading Any writer would have stamped himself as both unfit for the task that I had undertaken, and entirely below the level of the highest critical standard of the day, if he had for a moment dreamed of taking any other point of view.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We should be false to our critical principle, if we do not recognise the historical effect of a speculation scientifically valueless."

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Such language as all this is hardly that of a disciple to a master, in respect of theories and principles which he is making his own for the use of a lifetime.

windingadjectiveUS /ˈwaɪndɪŋ/

marked by repeated turns and bends

From this reading "There has been no attempt" [in these pages], I said in winding up, "to palliate either the shallowness or the practical mischievousness of the _Social Contract_.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Any writer would have stamped himself as both unfit for the task that I had undertaken, and entirely below the level of the highest critical standard of the day, if he had for a moment dreamed of taking any other point of view.

writernounUS /ˈraɪtər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading Any writer would have stamped himself as both unfit for the task that I had undertaken, and entirely below the level of the highest critical standard of the day, if he had for a moment dreamed of taking any other point of view.

Chapter 4 of Studies in Literature by John Morley holds 418 sentences, grouped into 84 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Studies in Literature contain?

Chapter 4 holds 418 sentences of Studies in Literature, unabridged, divided into 84 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Studies in Literature by John Morley exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 418 sentences, grouped into 84 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Studies in Literature?

Work through the 84 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 84 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Studies in Literature

Common questions about reading Studies in Literature by John Morley on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Studies in Literature?

Yes. All 2478 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #12001 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Studies in Literature is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #12001, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Studies in Literature take to read?

About 206 minutes of reading across 496 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Studies in Literature section by section

How to work through Studies in Literature section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 6 chapters of Studies in Literature to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Studies in Literature

Words and structures a reader meets early in Studies in Literature, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Contents
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Studies in Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Present
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Studies in Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Collection
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Studies in Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Print
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Studies in Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.