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Studies in Literature and History
Studies in Literature and History

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of Studies in Literature and History is here in full — 403 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
However, I think we shall be compelled to accept the change from the artistic to the scientific school of historians, though we may regret it as unavoidable.
It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.
The contemporary writer has to deal with the huge accumulation of material to which I have already referred; he must ransack archives, hunt through records piled up, public and private, must decipher ancient manuscript, must follow the labours of the wandering collector of inscriptions and the excavator of old tombs.
He has to make extracts from correspondence, diaries, and notes of travel which are coming for the first time to the light; he must keep abreast of foreign literature and criticism.
The mass and multiplicity of documentary evidence now at his disposal, most of which may not have been available to his predecessors, is enormous.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Studies in Literature and History

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of Studies in Literature and History is here in full — 403 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
However, I think we shall be compelled to accept the change from the artistic to the scientific school of historians, though we may regret it as unavoidable.
/ˌhaʊˈevər aɪ θɪŋk wiː ʃæl biː kəmˈpeld tuː ækˈsept ðə tʃeɪndʒ frʌm ðə ɑːrˈtɪstɪk tuː ðə ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk skuːl ʌv hɪˈstɔːriənz ðoʊ wiː meɪ rəˈɡret ɪt æz ˌʌnəˈvɔɪdəbəl/
Line 2
It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.
Line 3
The contemporary writer has to deal with the huge accumulation of material to which I have already referred; he must ransack archives, hunt through records piled up, public and private, must decipher ancient manuscript, must follow the labours of the wandering collector of inscriptions and the excavator of old tombs.
Line 4
He has to make extracts from correspondence, diaries, and notes of travel which are coming for the first time to the light; he must keep abreast of foreign literature and criticism.
/hiː hæz tuː meɪk ˈekstrækts frʌm ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːndəns ˈdaɪəriz ənd noʊts ʌv ˈtrævəl wɪtʃ ɑːr ˈkʌmɪŋ fɔːr ðə fɜːrst taɪm tuː ðə laɪt hiː mʌst kiːp əˈbrest ʌv ˈfɔːrən ˈlɪtərətʃər ənd ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm/
Line 5
The mass and multiplicity of documentary evidence now at his disposal, most of which may not have been available to his predecessors, is enormous.
/ðə mæs ənd ˌmʌltəˈplɪsɪti ʌv ˌdɑːkjəˈmentəri ˈevədəns naʊ æt hɪz dɪˈspoʊzəl moʊst ʌv wɪtʃ meɪ nɑːt hæv bɪn əˈveɪləbəl tuː hɪz ˈpredəsesərz ɪz ɪˈnɔːrməs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

diaries noun US /ˈdaɪəriz/

plural of “diary” — a daily written record of (usually personal) experiences and observations

From this reading “He has to make extracts from correspondence, diaries, and notes of travel which are coming for the first time to the light; he must keep abreast of foreign literature and criticism.”

documentary noun US /ˌdɑːkjəˈmentəri/

a film or TV program presenting the facts about a person or event

From this reading “The mass and multiplicity of documentary evidence now at his disposal, most of which may not have been available to his predecessors, is enormous.”

enforcing verb US /enˈfɔːrsɪŋ/

-ing form of “enforce” — ensure observance of laws and rules

From this reading “It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.”

enlargement noun US /ɪnˈlɑːrdʒmənt/

the act of increasing (something) in size or volume or quantity or scope

From this reading “It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.”

excavator noun US /ˈekskəveɪtər/

a workman who excavates for foundations of buildings or for quarrying

From this reading “The contemporary writer has to deal with the huge accumulation of material to which I have already referred; he must ransack archives, hunt through records piled up, public and private, must decipher ancient manuscript, must follow the labours of the wandering collector of inscriptions and the excavator of old tombs.”

multiplicity noun US /ˌmʌltəˈplɪsɪti/

the property of being multiple

From this reading “The mass and multiplicity of documentary evidence now at his disposal, most of which may not have been available to his predecessors, is enormous.”

ransack verb US /ˈrænsæk/

steal goods; take as spoils

From this reading “The contemporary writer has to deal with the huge accumulation of material to which I have already referred; he must ransack archives, hunt through records piled up, public and private, must decipher ancient manuscript, must follow the labours of the wandering collector of inscriptions and the excavator of old tombs.”

searchlight noun US /ˈsɜːrtʃlaɪt/

a light source with reflectors that projects a beam of light in a particular direction

From this reading “It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.”

All words in this reading · 125

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

abreastadjectiveUS /əˈbrest/

being up to particular standard or level especially in being up to date in knowledge

From this reading He has to make extracts from correspondence, diaries, and notes of travel which are coming for the first time to the light; he must keep abreast of foreign literature and criticism.

acceptverbUS /ækˈsept/

consider or hold as true

From this reading However, I think we shall be compelled to accept the change from the artistic to the scientific school of historians, though we may regret it as unavoidable.

accumulationnounUS /əˌkjuːmjəˈleɪʃən/

an increase by natural growth or addition

From this reading The contemporary writer has to deal with the huge accumulation of material to which I have already referred; he must ransack archives, hunt through records piled up, public and private, must decipher ancient manuscript, must follow the labours of the wandering collector of inscriptions and the excavator of old tombs.

affectingadjectiveUS /əˈfektɪŋ/

arousing affect

From this reading It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading The contemporary writer has to deal with the huge accumulation of material to which I have already referred; he must ransack archives, hunt through records piled up, public and private, must decipher ancient manuscript, must follow the labours of the wandering collector of inscriptions and the excavator of old tombs.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading The contemporary writer has to deal with the huge accumulation of material to which I have already referred; he must ransack archives, hunt through records piled up, public and private, must decipher ancient manuscript, must follow the labours of the wandering collector of inscriptions and the excavator of old tombs.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.

archivesnounUS /ˈɑːrkaɪvz/

collection of records especially about an institution

From this reading The contemporary writer has to deal with the huge accumulation of material to which I have already referred; he must ransack archives, hunt through records piled up, public and private, must decipher ancient manuscript, must follow the labours of the wandering collector of inscriptions and the excavator of old tombs.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading He has to make extracts from correspondence, diaries, and notes of travel which are coming for the first time to the light; he must keep abreast of foreign literature and criticism.

artisticadjectiveUS /ɑːrˈtɪstɪk/

relating to or characteristic of art or artists

From this reading However, I think we shall be compelled to accept the change from the artistic to the scientific school of historians, though we may regret it as unavoidable.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading However, I think we shall be compelled to accept the change from the artistic to the scientific school of historians, though we may regret it as unavoidable.

assaying

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The mass and multiplicity of documentary evidence now at his disposal, most of which may not have been available to his predecessors, is enormous.

availableadjectiveUS /əˈveɪləbəl/

obtainable or accessible and ready for use or service

From this reading The mass and multiplicity of documentary evidence now at his disposal, most of which may not have been available to his predecessors, is enormous.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading However, I think we shall be compelled to accept the change from the artistic to the scientific school of historians, though we may regret it as unavoidable.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The mass and multiplicity of documentary evidence now at his disposal, most of which may not have been available to his predecessors, is enormous.

cautionnounUS /ˈkɑːʃən/

the trait of being cautious; being attentive to possible danger

From this reading It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading However, I think we shall be compelled to accept the change from the artistic to the scientific school of historians, though we may regret it as unavoidable.

collectornounUS /kəˈlektər/

a person who collects things

From this reading The contemporary writer has to deal with the huge accumulation of material to which I have already referred; he must ransack archives, hunt through records piled up, public and private, must decipher ancient manuscript, must follow the labours of the wandering collector of inscriptions and the excavator of old tombs.

comingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading He has to make extracts from correspondence, diaries, and notes of travel which are coming for the first time to the light; he must keep abreast of foreign literature and criticism.

compelledverbUS /kəmˈpeld/

inflected form of “compel” — force somebody to do something

From this reading However, I think we shall be compelled to accept the change from the artistic to the scientific school of historians, though we may regret it as unavoidable.

contemporaryadjectiveUS /kənˈtempəreri/

characteristic of the present

From this reading The contemporary writer has to deal with the huge accumulation of material to which I have already referred; he must ransack archives, hunt through records piled up, public and private, must decipher ancient manuscript, must follow the labours of the wandering collector of inscriptions and the excavator of old tombs.

cornersnounUS /ˈkɔːrnərz/

plural of “corner” — a place off to the side of an area

From this reading It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.

correspondencenounUS /ˌkɔːrəˈspɑːndəns/

communication by the exchange of letters

From this reading He has to make extracts from correspondence, diaries, and notes of travel which are coming for the first time to the light; he must keep abreast of foreign literature and criticism.

criticaladjectiveUS /ˈkrɪtɪkəl/

marked by a tendency to find and call attention to errors and flaws

From this reading It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.

criticismnounUS /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm/

disapproval expressed by pointing out faults or shortcomings

From this reading He has to make extracts from correspondence, diaries, and notes of travel which are coming for the first time to the light; he must keep abreast of foreign literature and criticism.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.

dealverbUS /diːl/

act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression

From this reading The contemporary writer has to deal with the huge accumulation of material to which I have already referred; he must ransack archives, hunt through records piled up, public and private, must decipher ancient manuscript, must follow the labours of the wandering collector of inscriptions and the excavator of old tombs.

decipherverbUS /dɪˈsaɪfər/

convert code into ordinary language

From this reading The contemporary writer has to deal with the huge accumulation of material to which I have already referred; he must ransack archives, hunt through records piled up, public and private, must decipher ancient manuscript, must follow the labours of the wandering collector of inscriptions and the excavator of old tombs.

diariesnounUS /ˈdaɪəriz/

plural of “diary” — a daily written record of (usually personal) experiences and observations

From this reading He has to make extracts from correspondence, diaries, and notes of travel which are coming for the first time to the light; he must keep abreast of foreign literature and criticism.

disposalnounUS /dɪˈspoʊzəl/

the power to use something or someone

From this reading The mass and multiplicity of documentary evidence now at his disposal, most of which may not have been available to his predecessors, is enormous.

documentarynounUS /ˌdɑːkjəˈmentəri/

a film or TV program presenting the facts about a person or event

From this reading The mass and multiplicity of documentary evidence now at his disposal, most of which may not have been available to his predecessors, is enormous.

enforcingverbUS /enˈfɔːrsɪŋ/

-ing form of “enforce” — ensure observance of laws and rules

From this reading It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.

enlargementnounUS /ɪnˈlɑːrdʒmənt/

the act of increasing (something) in size or volume or quantity or scope

From this reading It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.

enormousadjectiveUS /ɪˈnɔːrməs/

extraordinarily large in size or extent or amount or power or degree

From this reading The mass and multiplicity of documentary evidence now at his disposal, most of which may not have been available to his predecessors, is enormous.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.

evidencenounUS /ˈevədəns/

your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief

From this reading It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.

excavatornounUS /ˈekskəveɪtər/

a workman who excavates for foundations of buildings or for quarrying

From this reading The contemporary writer has to deal with the huge accumulation of material to which I have already referred; he must ransack archives, hunt through records piled up, public and private, must decipher ancient manuscript, must follow the labours of the wandering collector of inscriptions and the excavator of old tombs.

extractsnounUS /ˈekstrækts/

plural of “extract” — a solution obtained by steeping or soaking a substance (usually in water)

From this reading He has to make extracts from correspondence, diaries, and notes of travel which are coming for the first time to the light; he must keep abreast of foreign literature and criticism.

fieldnounUS /fiːld/

a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed

From this reading It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.

finestadjectiveUS /ˈfaɪnəst/

superlative of “fine” — being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading He has to make extracts from correspondence, diaries, and notes of travel which are coming for the first time to the light; he must keep abreast of foreign literature and criticism.

followverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊ/

to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading The contemporary writer has to deal with the huge accumulation of material to which I have already referred; he must ransack archives, hunt through records piled up, public and private, must decipher ancient manuscript, must follow the labours of the wandering collector of inscriptions and the excavator of old tombs.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He has to make extracts from correspondence, diaries, and notes of travel which are coming for the first time to the light; he must keep abreast of foreign literature and criticism.

foreignadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrən/

of concern to or concerning the affairs of other nations (other than your own)

From this reading He has to make extracts from correspondence, diaries, and notes of travel which are coming for the first time to the light; he must keep abreast of foreign literature and criticism.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading However, I think we shall be compelled to accept the change from the artistic to the scientific school of historians, though we may regret it as unavoidable.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The contemporary writer has to deal with the huge accumulation of material to which I have already referred; he must ransack archives, hunt through records piled up, public and private, must decipher ancient manuscript, must follow the labours of the wandering collector of inscriptions and the excavator of old tombs.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The contemporary writer has to deal with the huge accumulation of material to which I have already referred; he must ransack archives, hunt through records piled up, public and private, must decipher ancient manuscript, must follow the labours of the wandering collector of inscriptions and the excavator of old tombs.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The contemporary writer has to deal with the huge accumulation of material to which I have already referred; he must ransack archives, hunt through records piled up, public and private, must decipher ancient manuscript, must follow the labours of the wandering collector of inscriptions and the excavator of old tombs.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The mass and multiplicity of documentary evidence now at his disposal, most of which may not have been available to his predecessors, is enormous.

historiansnounUS /hɪˈstɔːriənz/

plural of “historian” — a person who is an authority on history and who studies it and writes about it

From this reading However, I think we shall be compelled to accept the change from the artistic to the scientific school of historians, though we may regret it as unavoidable.

historicaladjectiveUS /hɪˈstɔːrɪkəl/

of or relating to the study of history

From this reading It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.

HoweveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading However, I think we shall be compelled to accept the change from the artistic to the scientific school of historians, though we may regret it as unavoidable.

hugeadjectiveUS /hjuːdʒ/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading The contemporary writer has to deal with the huge accumulation of material to which I have already referred; he must ransack archives, hunt through records piled up, public and private, must decipher ancient manuscript, must follow the labours of the wandering collector of inscriptions and the excavator of old tombs.

huntverbUS /hʌnt/

pursue for food or sport (as of wild animals)

From this reading The contemporary writer has to deal with the huge accumulation of material to which I have already referred; he must ransack archives, hunt through records piled up, public and private, must decipher ancient manuscript, must follow the labours of the wandering collector of inscriptions and the excavator of old tombs.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading However, I think we shall be compelled to accept the change from the artistic to the scientific school of historians, though we may regret it as unavoidable.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.

inscriptionsnounUS /ˌɪnˈskrɪpʃənz/

plural of “inscription” — letters inscribed (especially words engraved or carved) on something

From this reading The contemporary writer has to deal with the huge accumulation of material to which I have already referred; he must ransack archives, hunt through records piled up, public and private, must decipher ancient manuscript, must follow the labours of the wandering collector of inscriptions and the excavator of old tombs.

irresistiblyadverbUS /ˌɪrɪˈzɪstəbli/

incapable of being resisted

From this reading It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading However, I think we shall be compelled to accept the change from the artistic to the scientific school of historians, though we may regret it as unavoidable.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading He has to make extracts from correspondence, diaries, and notes of travel which are coming for the first time to the light; he must keep abreast of foreign literature and criticism.

labours

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The contemporary writer has to deal with the huge accumulation of material to which I have already referred; he must ransack archives, hunt through records piled up, public and private, must decipher ancient manuscript, must follow the labours of the wandering collector of inscriptions and the excavator of old tombs.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading He has to make extracts from correspondence, diaries, and notes of travel which are coming for the first time to the light; he must keep abreast of foreign literature and criticism.

literaturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading He has to make extracts from correspondence, diaries, and notes of travel which are coming for the first time to the light; he must keep abreast of foreign literature and criticism.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading He has to make extracts from correspondence, diaries, and notes of travel which are coming for the first time to the light; he must keep abreast of foreign literature and criticism.

manuscriptnounUS /ˈmæn.jə.skrɪpt/

A book, document, or piece of music written by hand rather than typed or printed.

From this reading The contemporary writer has to deal with the huge accumulation of material to which I have already referred; he must ransack archives, hunt through records piled up, public and private, must decipher ancient manuscript, must follow the labours of the wandering collector of inscriptions and the excavator of old tombs.

massnounUS /mæs/

the property of a body that causes it to have weight in a gravitational field

From this reading The mass and multiplicity of documentary evidence now at his disposal, most of which may not have been available to his predecessors, is enormous.

materialadjectiveUS /məˈtɪriəl/

concerned with worldly rather than spiritual interests

From this reading The contemporary writer has to deal with the huge accumulation of material to which I have already referred; he must ransack archives, hunt through records piled up, public and private, must decipher ancient manuscript, must follow the labours of the wandering collector of inscriptions and the excavator of old tombs.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading However, I think we shall be compelled to accept the change from the artistic to the scientific school of historians, though we may regret it as unavoidable.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The mass and multiplicity of documentary evidence now at his disposal, most of which may not have been available to his predecessors, is enormous.

multiplicitynounUS /ˌmʌltəˈplɪsɪti/

the property of being multiple

From this reading The mass and multiplicity of documentary evidence now at his disposal, most of which may not have been available to his predecessors, is enormous.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading The contemporary writer has to deal with the huge accumulation of material to which I have already referred; he must ransack archives, hunt through records piled up, public and private, must decipher ancient manuscript, must follow the labours of the wandering collector of inscriptions and the excavator of old tombs.

neednounUS /niːd/

a condition requiring relief

From this reading It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The mass and multiplicity of documentary evidence now at his disposal, most of which may not have been available to his predecessors, is enormous.

notesnounUS /noʊts/

plural of “note” — a brief written record

From this reading He has to make extracts from correspondence, diaries, and notes of travel which are coming for the first time to the light; he must keep abreast of foreign literature and criticism.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The mass and multiplicity of documentary evidence now at his disposal, most of which may not have been available to his predecessors, is enormous.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading However, I think we shall be compelled to accept the change from the artistic to the scientific school of historians, though we may regret it as unavoidable.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The contemporary writer has to deal with the huge accumulation of material to which I have already referred; he must ransack archives, hunt through records piled up, public and private, must decipher ancient manuscript, must follow the labours of the wandering collector of inscriptions and the excavator of old tombs.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.

outlyingadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtlaɪɪŋ/

relatively far from a center or middle

From this reading It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.

piledverbUS /paɪld/

past form of “pile” — arrange in stacks

From this reading The contemporary writer has to deal with the huge accumulation of material to which I have already referred; he must ransack archives, hunt through records piled up, public and private, must decipher ancient manuscript, must follow the labours of the wandering collector of inscriptions and the excavator of old tombs.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.

preciseadjectiveUS /prɪˈsaɪs/

sharply exact or accurate or delimited

From this reading It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.

predecessorsnounUS /ˈpredəsesərz/

plural of “predecessor” — one who precedes you in time (as in holding a position or office)

From this reading The mass and multiplicity of documentary evidence now at his disposal, most of which may not have been available to his predecessors, is enormous.

privateadjectiveUS /ˈpraɪvət/

confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy

From this reading The contemporary writer has to deal with the huge accumulation of material to which I have already referred; he must ransack archives, hunt through records piled up, public and private, must decipher ancient manuscript, must follow the labours of the wandering collector of inscriptions and the excavator of old tombs.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading The contemporary writer has to deal with the huge accumulation of material to which I have already referred; he must ransack archives, hunt through records piled up, public and private, must decipher ancient manuscript, must follow the labours of the wandering collector of inscriptions and the excavator of old tombs.

ransackverbUS /ˈrænsæk/

steal goods; take as spoils

From this reading The contemporary writer has to deal with the huge accumulation of material to which I have already referred; he must ransack archives, hunt through records piled up, public and private, must decipher ancient manuscript, must follow the labours of the wandering collector of inscriptions and the excavator of old tombs.

recordsnounUS /rəˈkɔːrdz/

plural of “record” — anything (such as a document or a phonograph record or a photograph) providing permanent evidence of or information about past events

From this reading The contemporary writer has to deal with the huge accumulation of material to which I have already referred; he must ransack archives, hunt through records piled up, public and private, must decipher ancient manuscript, must follow the labours of the wandering collector of inscriptions and the excavator of old tombs.

referredverbUS /rəˈfɜːrd/

inflected form of “refer” — make reference to

From this reading The contemporary writer has to deal with the huge accumulation of material to which I have already referred; he must ransack archives, hunt through records piled up, public and private, must decipher ancient manuscript, must follow the labours of the wandering collector of inscriptions and the excavator of old tombs.

regretverbUS /rəˈɡret/

feel remorse for; feel sorry for; be contrite about

From this reading However, I think we shall be compelled to accept the change from the artistic to the scientific school of historians, though we may regret it as unavoidable.

scalesnounUS /skeɪlz/

plural of “scale” — an ordered reference standard

From this reading It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.

schoolnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading However, I think we shall be compelled to accept the change from the artistic to the scientific school of historians, though we may regret it as unavoidable.

scientificadjectiveUS /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/

of or relating to the practice of science

From this reading However, I think we shall be compelled to accept the change from the artistic to the scientific school of historians, though we may regret it as unavoidable.

scrutinising

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.

searchlightnounUS /ˈsɜːrtʃlaɪt/

a light source with reflectors that projects a beam of light in a particular direction

From this reading It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading However, I think we shall be compelled to accept the change from the artistic to the scientific school of historians, though we may regret it as unavoidable.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.

studynounUS /ˈstʌdi/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading However, I think we shall be compelled to accept the change from the artistic to the scientific school of historians, though we may regret it as unavoidable.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading However, I think we shall be compelled to accept the change from the artistic to the scientific school of historians, though we may regret it as unavoidable.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading However, I think we shall be compelled to accept the change from the artistic to the scientific school of historians, though we may regret it as unavoidable.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading The contemporary writer has to deal with the huge accumulation of material to which I have already referred; he must ransack archives, hunt through records piled up, public and private, must decipher ancient manuscript, must follow the labours of the wandering collector of inscriptions and the excavator of old tombs.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading He has to make extracts from correspondence, diaries, and notes of travel which are coming for the first time to the light; he must keep abreast of foreign literature and criticism.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading However, I think we shall be compelled to accept the change from the artistic to the scientific school of historians, though we may regret it as unavoidable.

tombsnounUS /tuːmz/

plural of “tomb” — a place for the burial of a corpse (especially beneath the ground and marked by a tombstone)

From this reading The contemporary writer has to deal with the huge accumulation of material to which I have already referred; he must ransack archives, hunt through records piled up, public and private, must decipher ancient manuscript, must follow the labours of the wandering collector of inscriptions and the excavator of old tombs.

tractsnounUS /trækts/

plural of “tract” — an extended area of land

From this reading It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.

travelverbUS /ˈtrævəl/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading He has to make extracts from correspondence, diaries, and notes of travel which are coming for the first time to the light; he must keep abreast of foreign literature and criticism.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.

unavoidableadjectiveUS /ˌʌnəˈvɔɪdəbəl/

impossible to avoid or evade

From this reading However, I think we shall be compelled to accept the change from the artistic to the scientific school of historians, though we may regret it as unavoidable.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The contemporary writer has to deal with the huge accumulation of material to which I have already referred; he must ransack archives, hunt through records piled up, public and private, must decipher ancient manuscript, must follow the labours of the wandering collector of inscriptions and the excavator of old tombs.

valuenounUS /ˈvæljuː/

a numerical quantity measured or assigned or computed

From this reading It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.

wanderingadjectiveUS /ˈwɑːndərɪŋ/

migratory

From this reading The contemporary writer has to deal with the huge accumulation of material to which I have already referred; he must ransack archives, hunt through records piled up, public and private, must decipher ancient manuscript, must follow the labours of the wandering collector of inscriptions and the excavator of old tombs.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading However, I think we shall be compelled to accept the change from the artistic to the scientific school of historians, though we may regret it as unavoidable.

weighingnounUS /ˈweɪɪŋ/

careful consideration

From this reading It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The contemporary writer has to deal with the huge accumulation of material to which I have already referred; he must ransack archives, hunt through records piled up, public and private, must decipher ancient manuscript, must follow the labours of the wandering collector of inscriptions and the excavator of old tombs.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The contemporary writer has to deal with the huge accumulation of material to which I have already referred; he must ransack archives, hunt through records piled up, public and private, must decipher ancient manuscript, must follow the labours of the wandering collector of inscriptions and the excavator of old tombs.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.

writernounUS /ˈraɪtər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading The contemporary writer has to deal with the huge accumulation of material to which I have already referred; he must ransack archives, hunt through records piled up, public and private, must decipher ancient manuscript, must follow the labours of the wandering collector of inscriptions and the excavator of old tombs.

writersnounUS /ˈraɪtərz/

plural of “writer” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading It is the vast enlargement of the field of historical study, the strong critical searchlight that is turned on all the dark corners and outlying tracts of this field, that is irresistibly affecting the work of writers, enforcing the need of caution, of scrutinising every point, of weighing evidence in the finest scales, of assaying its precise value.

Chapter 9 of Studies in Literature and History by Alfred C., Sir Lyall holds 403 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of Studies in Literature and History contain?

Chapter 9 holds 403 sentences of Studies in Literature and History, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Studies in Literature and History by Alfred C., Sir Lyall exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 403 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Studies in Literature and History?

Work through the 81 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 81 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Studies in Literature and History

Common questions about reading Studies in Literature and History by Alfred C., Sir Lyall on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Studies in Literature and History?

Yes. All 4019 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #25937 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Studies in Literature and History is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #25937, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Studies in Literature and History take to read?

About 334 minutes of reading across 804 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Studies in Literature and History section by section

How to work through Studies in Literature and History section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 10 chapters of Studies in Literature and History to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Studies in Literature and History

Words and structures a reader meets early in Studies in Literature and History, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

London
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Studies in Literature and History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Murray
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Studies in Literature and History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Albemarle
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Studies in Literature and History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Street
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Studies in Literature and History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.