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Sturdy and Strong
Sturdy and Strong

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Sturdy and Strong is here in full — 373 sentences across 75 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/74 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
STURDY AND STRONG OR _How George Andrews Made His Way_ AUTHOR OF "THE YOUNG CARTHAGINIAN," "WITH CLIVE IN INDIA," "IN FREEDOM'S CAUSE," "THE LION OF THE NORTH," "FACING DEATH," ETC., ETC., ETC.
PREFACE.
Whatever may be said as to distinction of classes in England, it is certain that in no country in the world is the upward path more open to those who brace themselves to climb it than in our own.
The proportion of those who remain absolutely stationary is comparatively small.
We are all living on a hillside, and we must either go up or down.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Sturdy and Strong

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Sturdy and Strong is here in full — 373 sentences across 75 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/74 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
STURDY AND STRONG OR _How George Andrews Made His Way_ AUTHOR OF "THE YOUNG CARTHAGINIAN," "WITH CLIVE IN INDIA," "IN FREEDOM'S CAUSE," "THE LION OF THE NORTH," "FACING DEATH," ETC., ETC., ETC.
Line 2
PREFACE.
/ˈprefəs/
Line 3
Whatever may be said as to distinction of classes in England, it is certain that in no country in the world is the upward path more open to those who brace themselves to climb it than in our own.
/ˌwʌˈtevər meɪ biː sed æz tuː dɪˈstɪŋkʃən ʌv ˈklæsəz ɪn ˈɪŋɡlənd ɪt ɪz ˈsɜːrtən ðæt ɪn noʊ ˈkʌntri ɪn ðə wɜːrld ɪz ðə ˈʌpwərd pæθ mɔːr ˈoʊ.pən tuː ðoʊz huː breɪs ðemˈselvz tuː klaɪm ɪt ðæn ɪn ˈaʊər oʊn/
Line 4
The proportion of those who remain absolutely stationary is comparatively small.
/ðə prəˈpɔːrʃən ʌv ðoʊz huː rɪˈmeɪn ˌæbsəˈluːtli ˈsteɪʃəneri ɪz kəmˈperətɪvli smɔːl/
Line 5
We are all living on a hillside, and we must either go up or down.
/wiː ɑːr ɔːl ˈlɪvɪŋ ɑːn ə ˈhɪlsaɪd ənd wiː mʌst ˈiːðər ɡoʊ ʌp ɔːr daʊn/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Andrews noun US /ˈændruːz/

United States naturalist who contributed to paleontology and geology (1884-1960)

From this reading “STURDY AND STRONG OR _How George Andrews Made His Way_ AUTHOR OF "THE YOUNG CARTHAGINIAN," "WITH CLIVE IN INDIA," "IN FREEDOM'S CAUSE," "THE LION OF THE NORTH," "FACING DEATH," ETC., ETC., ETC.”

brace verb US /breɪs/

prepare (oneself) for something unpleasant or difficult

From this reading “Whatever may be said as to distinction of classes in England, it is certain that in no country in the world is the upward path more open to those who brace themselves to climb it than in our own.”

carthaginian noun US /ˌkɑːrθəˈdʒɪniən/

a native or inhabitant of ancient Carthage

From this reading “STURDY AND STRONG OR _How George Andrews Made His Way_ AUTHOR OF "THE YOUNG CARTHAGINIAN," "WITH CLIVE IN INDIA," "IN FREEDOM'S CAUSE," "THE LION OF THE NORTH," "FACING DEATH," ETC., ETC., ETC.”

clive noun US /klaɪv/

British general and statesman whose victory at Plassey in 1757 strengthened British control of India (1725-1774)

From this reading “STURDY AND STRONG OR _How George Andrews Made His Way_ AUTHOR OF "THE YOUNG CARTHAGINIAN," "WITH CLIVE IN INDIA," "IN FREEDOM'S CAUSE," "THE LION OF THE NORTH," "FACING DEATH," ETC., ETC., ETC.”

freedom's noun US /ˈfriːdəmz/

possessive form of “freedom” — the condition of being free; the power to act or speak or think without externally imposed restraints

From this reading “STURDY AND STRONG OR _How George Andrews Made His Way_ AUTHOR OF "THE YOUNG CARTHAGINIAN," "WITH CLIVE IN INDIA," "IN FREEDOM'S CAUSE," "THE LION OF THE NORTH," "FACING DEATH," ETC., ETC., ETC.”

hillside noun US /ˈhɪlsaɪd/

the side or slope of a hill

From this reading “We are all living on a hillside, and we must either go up or down.”

preface noun US /ˈprefəs/

a short introductory essay preceding the text of a book

From this reading “PREFACE.”

stationary adjective US /ˈsteɪʃəneri/

standing still

From this reading “The proportion of those who remain absolutely stationary is comparatively small.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

comparatively small adverb + adjective

In this reading “The proportion of those who remain absolutely stationary is comparatively small.”

on a hillside preposition + article + noun counted as “on … hillside”

In this reading “We are all living on a hillside, and we must either go up or down.”

FACING DEATH noun + noun

In this reading “STURDY AND STRONG OR _How George Andrews Made His Way_ AUTHOR OF "THE YOUNG CARTHAGINIAN," "WITH CLIVE IN INDIA," "IN FREEDOM'S CAUSE," "THE LION OF THE NORTH," "FACING DEATH," ETC., ETC., ETC.”

in the world preposition + article + noun counted as “in … world”

In this reading “Whatever may be said as to distinction of classes in England, it is certain that in no country in the world is the upward path more open to those who brace themselves to climb it than in our own.”

go up verb + adjective

move upward

In this reading “We are all living on a hillside, and we must either go up or down.”

All words in this reading · 73

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading We are all living on a hillside, and we must either go up or down.

absolutelyadverbUS /ˌæbsəˈluːtli/

completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers

From this reading The proportion of those who remain absolutely stationary is comparatively small.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading We are all living on a hillside, and we must either go up or down.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading STURDY AND STRONG OR _How George Andrews Made His Way_ AUTHOR OF "THE YOUNG CARTHAGINIAN," "WITH CLIVE IN INDIA," "IN FREEDOM'S CAUSE," "THE LION OF THE NORTH," "FACING DEATH," ETC., ETC., ETC.

AndrewsnounUS /ˈændruːz/

United States naturalist who contributed to paleontology and geology (1884-1960)

From this reading STURDY AND STRONG OR _How George Andrews Made His Way_ AUTHOR OF "THE YOUNG CARTHAGINIAN," "WITH CLIVE IN INDIA," "IN FREEDOM'S CAUSE," "THE LION OF THE NORTH," "FACING DEATH," ETC., ETC., ETC.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading We are all living on a hillside, and we must either go up or down.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Whatever may be said as to distinction of classes in England, it is certain that in no country in the world is the upward path more open to those who brace themselves to climb it than in our own.

AUTHORnounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading STURDY AND STRONG OR _How George Andrews Made His Way_ AUTHOR OF "THE YOUNG CARTHAGINIAN," "WITH CLIVE IN INDIA," "IN FREEDOM'S CAUSE," "THE LION OF THE NORTH," "FACING DEATH," ETC., ETC., ETC.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Whatever may be said as to distinction of classes in England, it is certain that in no country in the world is the upward path more open to those who brace themselves to climb it than in our own.

braceverbUS /breɪs/

prepare (oneself) for something unpleasant or difficult

From this reading Whatever may be said as to distinction of classes in England, it is certain that in no country in the world is the upward path more open to those who brace themselves to climb it than in our own.

CARTHAGINIANnounUS /ˌkɑːrθəˈdʒɪniən/

a native or inhabitant of ancient Carthage

From this reading STURDY AND STRONG OR _How George Andrews Made His Way_ AUTHOR OF "THE YOUNG CARTHAGINIAN," "WITH CLIVE IN INDIA," "IN FREEDOM'S CAUSE," "THE LION OF THE NORTH," "FACING DEATH," ETC., ETC., ETC.

CAUSEnounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading STURDY AND STRONG OR _How George Andrews Made His Way_ AUTHOR OF "THE YOUNG CARTHAGINIAN," "WITH CLIVE IN INDIA," "IN FREEDOM'S CAUSE," "THE LION OF THE NORTH," "FACING DEATH," ETC., ETC., ETC.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading Whatever may be said as to distinction of classes in England, it is certain that in no country in the world is the upward path more open to those who brace themselves to climb it than in our own.

classesnounUS /ˈklæsəz/

plural of “class” — a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading Whatever may be said as to distinction of classes in England, it is certain that in no country in the world is the upward path more open to those who brace themselves to climb it than in our own.

climbverbUS /klaɪm/

go upward with gradual or continuous progress

From this reading Whatever may be said as to distinction of classes in England, it is certain that in no country in the world is the upward path more open to those who brace themselves to climb it than in our own.

CLIVEnounUS /klaɪv/

British general and statesman whose victory at Plassey in 1757 strengthened British control of India (1725-1774)

From this reading STURDY AND STRONG OR _How George Andrews Made His Way_ AUTHOR OF "THE YOUNG CARTHAGINIAN," "WITH CLIVE IN INDIA," "IN FREEDOM'S CAUSE," "THE LION OF THE NORTH," "FACING DEATH," ETC., ETC., ETC.

comparativelyadverbUS /kəmˈperətɪvli/

in a relative manner; by comparison to something else

From this reading The proportion of those who remain absolutely stationary is comparatively small.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Whatever may be said as to distinction of classes in England, it is certain that in no country in the world is the upward path more open to those who brace themselves to climb it than in our own.

DEATHnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading STURDY AND STRONG OR _How George Andrews Made His Way_ AUTHOR OF "THE YOUNG CARTHAGINIAN," "WITH CLIVE IN INDIA," "IN FREEDOM'S CAUSE," "THE LION OF THE NORTH," "FACING DEATH," ETC., ETC., ETC.

distinctionnounUS /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/

a discrimination between things as different and distinct on the basis of their characteristics or attributes

From this reading Whatever may be said as to distinction of classes in England, it is certain that in no country in the world is the upward path more open to those who brace themselves to climb it than in our own.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading We are all living on a hillside, and we must either go up or down.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading We are all living on a hillside, and we must either go up or down.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading Whatever may be said as to distinction of classes in England, it is certain that in no country in the world is the upward path more open to those who brace themselves to climb it than in our own.

ETC

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading STURDY AND STRONG OR _How George Andrews Made His Way_ AUTHOR OF "THE YOUNG CARTHAGINIAN," "WITH CLIVE IN INDIA," "IN FREEDOM'S CAUSE," "THE LION OF THE NORTH," "FACING DEATH," ETC., ETC., ETC.

FACINGnounUS /ˈfeɪsɪŋ/

a lining applied to the edge of a garment for ornamentation or strengthening

From this reading STURDY AND STRONG OR _How George Andrews Made His Way_ AUTHOR OF "THE YOUNG CARTHAGINIAN," "WITH CLIVE IN INDIA," "IN FREEDOM'S CAUSE," "THE LION OF THE NORTH," "FACING DEATH," ETC., ETC., ETC.

FREEDOM'SnounUS /ˈfriːdəmz/

possessive form of “freedom” — the condition of being free; the power to act or speak or think without externally imposed restraints

From this reading STURDY AND STRONG OR _How George Andrews Made His Way_ AUTHOR OF "THE YOUNG CARTHAGINIAN," "WITH CLIVE IN INDIA," "IN FREEDOM'S CAUSE," "THE LION OF THE NORTH," "FACING DEATH," ETC., ETC., ETC.

GeorgenounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading STURDY AND STRONG OR _How George Andrews Made His Way_ AUTHOR OF "THE YOUNG CARTHAGINIAN," "WITH CLIVE IN INDIA," "IN FREEDOM'S CAUSE," "THE LION OF THE NORTH," "FACING DEATH," ETC., ETC., ETC.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading We are all living on a hillside, and we must either go up or down.

hillsidenounUS /ˈhɪlsaɪd/

the side or slope of a hill

From this reading We are all living on a hillside, and we must either go up or down.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading STURDY AND STRONG OR _How George Andrews Made His Way_ AUTHOR OF "THE YOUNG CARTHAGINIAN," "WITH CLIVE IN INDIA," "IN FREEDOM'S CAUSE," "THE LION OF THE NORTH," "FACING DEATH," ETC., ETC., ETC.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading STURDY AND STRONG OR _How George Andrews Made His Way_ AUTHOR OF "THE YOUNG CARTHAGINIAN," "WITH CLIVE IN INDIA," "IN FREEDOM'S CAUSE," "THE LION OF THE NORTH," "FACING DEATH," ETC., ETC., ETC.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading STURDY AND STRONG OR _How George Andrews Made His Way_ AUTHOR OF "THE YOUNG CARTHAGINIAN," "WITH CLIVE IN INDIA," "IN FREEDOM'S CAUSE," "THE LION OF THE NORTH," "FACING DEATH," ETC., ETC., ETC.

INDIAnounUS /ˈɪndiə/

a republic in the Asian subcontinent in southern Asia; second most populous country in the world; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947

From this reading STURDY AND STRONG OR _How George Andrews Made His Way_ AUTHOR OF "THE YOUNG CARTHAGINIAN," "WITH CLIVE IN INDIA," "IN FREEDOM'S CAUSE," "THE LION OF THE NORTH," "FACING DEATH," ETC., ETC., ETC.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Whatever may be said as to distinction of classes in England, it is certain that in no country in the world is the upward path more open to those who brace themselves to climb it than in our own.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Whatever may be said as to distinction of classes in England, it is certain that in no country in the world is the upward path more open to those who brace themselves to climb it than in our own.

LIONnounUS /ˈlaɪən/

large gregarious predatory feline of Africa and India having a tawny coat with a shaggy mane in the male

From this reading STURDY AND STRONG OR _How George Andrews Made His Way_ AUTHOR OF "THE YOUNG CARTHAGINIAN," "WITH CLIVE IN INDIA," "IN FREEDOM'S CAUSE," "THE LION OF THE NORTH," "FACING DEATH," ETC., ETC., ETC.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading We are all living on a hillside, and we must either go up or down.

MadeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading STURDY AND STRONG OR _How George Andrews Made His Way_ AUTHOR OF "THE YOUNG CARTHAGINIAN," "WITH CLIVE IN INDIA," "IN FREEDOM'S CAUSE," "THE LION OF THE NORTH," "FACING DEATH," ETC., ETC., ETC.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Whatever may be said as to distinction of classes in England, it is certain that in no country in the world is the upward path more open to those who brace themselves to climb it than in our own.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Whatever may be said as to distinction of classes in England, it is certain that in no country in the world is the upward path more open to those who brace themselves to climb it than in our own.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading We are all living on a hillside, and we must either go up or down.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Whatever may be said as to distinction of classes in England, it is certain that in no country in the world is the upward path more open to those who brace themselves to climb it than in our own.

NORTHnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading STURDY AND STRONG OR _How George Andrews Made His Way_ AUTHOR OF "THE YOUNG CARTHAGINIAN," "WITH CLIVE IN INDIA," "IN FREEDOM'S CAUSE," "THE LION OF THE NORTH," "FACING DEATH," ETC., ETC., ETC.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading STURDY AND STRONG OR _How George Andrews Made His Way_ AUTHOR OF "THE YOUNG CARTHAGINIAN," "WITH CLIVE IN INDIA," "IN FREEDOM'S CAUSE," "THE LION OF THE NORTH," "FACING DEATH," ETC., ETC., ETC.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading We are all living on a hillside, and we must either go up or down.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading Whatever may be said as to distinction of classes in England, it is certain that in no country in the world is the upward path more open to those who brace themselves to climb it than in our own.

ORconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading STURDY AND STRONG OR _How George Andrews Made His Way_ AUTHOR OF "THE YOUNG CARTHAGINIAN," "WITH CLIVE IN INDIA," "IN FREEDOM'S CAUSE," "THE LION OF THE NORTH," "FACING DEATH," ETC., ETC., ETC.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Whatever may be said as to distinction of classes in England, it is certain that in no country in the world is the upward path more open to those who brace themselves to climb it than in our own.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Whatever may be said as to distinction of classes in England, it is certain that in no country in the world is the upward path more open to those who brace themselves to climb it than in our own.

pathnounUS /pæθ/

a course of conduct

From this reading Whatever may be said as to distinction of classes in England, it is certain that in no country in the world is the upward path more open to those who brace themselves to climb it than in our own.

PREFACEnounUS /ˈprefəs/

a short introductory essay preceding the text of a book

From this reading PREFACE.

proportionnounUS /prəˈpɔːrʃən/

the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole

From this reading The proportion of those who remain absolutely stationary is comparatively small.

remainverbUS /rɪˈmeɪn/

stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading The proportion of those who remain absolutely stationary is comparatively small.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading Whatever may be said as to distinction of classes in England, it is certain that in no country in the world is the upward path more open to those who brace themselves to climb it than in our own.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The proportion of those who remain absolutely stationary is comparatively small.

stationaryadjectiveUS /ˈsteɪʃəneri/

standing still

From this reading The proportion of those who remain absolutely stationary is comparatively small.

STRONGadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading STURDY AND STRONG OR _How George Andrews Made His Way_ AUTHOR OF "THE YOUNG CARTHAGINIAN," "WITH CLIVE IN INDIA," "IN FREEDOM'S CAUSE," "THE LION OF THE NORTH," "FACING DEATH," ETC., ETC., ETC.

STURDYadjectiveUS /ˈstɜːrdi/

having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships

From this reading STURDY AND STRONG OR _How George Andrews Made His Way_ AUTHOR OF "THE YOUNG CARTHAGINIAN," "WITH CLIVE IN INDIA," "IN FREEDOM'S CAUSE," "THE LION OF THE NORTH," "FACING DEATH," ETC., ETC., ETC.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Whatever may be said as to distinction of classes in England, it is certain that in no country in the world is the upward path more open to those who brace themselves to climb it than in our own.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Whatever may be said as to distinction of classes in England, it is certain that in no country in the world is the upward path more open to those who brace themselves to climb it than in our own.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading STURDY AND STRONG OR _How George Andrews Made His Way_ AUTHOR OF "THE YOUNG CARTHAGINIAN," "WITH CLIVE IN INDIA," "IN FREEDOM'S CAUSE," "THE LION OF THE NORTH," "FACING DEATH," ETC., ETC., ETC.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Whatever may be said as to distinction of classes in England, it is certain that in no country in the world is the upward path more open to those who brace themselves to climb it than in our own.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Whatever may be said as to distinction of classes in England, it is certain that in no country in the world is the upward path more open to those who brace themselves to climb it than in our own.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Whatever may be said as to distinction of classes in England, it is certain that in no country in the world is the upward path more open to those who brace themselves to climb it than in our own.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading We are all living on a hillside, and we must either go up or down.

upwardadjectiveUS /ˈʌpwərd/

directed up

From this reading Whatever may be said as to distinction of classes in England, it is certain that in no country in the world is the upward path more open to those who brace themselves to climb it than in our own.

WaynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading STURDY AND STRONG OR _How George Andrews Made His Way_ AUTHOR OF "THE YOUNG CARTHAGINIAN," "WITH CLIVE IN INDIA," "IN FREEDOM'S CAUSE," "THE LION OF THE NORTH," "FACING DEATH," ETC., ETC., ETC.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We are all living on a hillside, and we must either go up or down.

WhateverdeterminerUS /ˌwʌˈtevər/

any or all of a kind, it does not matter which

From this reading Whatever may be said as to distinction of classes in England, it is certain that in no country in the world is the upward path more open to those who brace themselves to climb it than in our own.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Whatever may be said as to distinction of classes in England, it is certain that in no country in the world is the upward path more open to those who brace themselves to climb it than in our own.

WITHprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading STURDY AND STRONG OR _How George Andrews Made His Way_ AUTHOR OF "THE YOUNG CARTHAGINIAN," "WITH CLIVE IN INDIA," "IN FREEDOM'S CAUSE," "THE LION OF THE NORTH," "FACING DEATH," ETC., ETC., ETC.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading Whatever may be said as to distinction of classes in England, it is certain that in no country in the world is the upward path more open to those who brace themselves to climb it than in our own.

YOUNGadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading STURDY AND STRONG OR _How George Andrews Made His Way_ AUTHOR OF "THE YOUNG CARTHAGINIAN," "WITH CLIVE IN INDIA," "IN FREEDOM'S CAUSE," "THE LION OF THE NORTH," "FACING DEATH," ETC., ETC., ETC.

Chapter 1 of Sturdy and Strong by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty holds 373 sentences, grouped into 75 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Sturdy and Strong contain?

Chapter 1 holds 373 sentences of Sturdy and Strong, unabridged, divided into 75 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Sturdy and Strong by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 373 sentences, grouped into 75 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Sturdy and Strong?

Work through the 75 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 75 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Sturdy and Strong

Common questions about reading Sturdy and Strong by G. A. (George Alfred) Henty on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Sturdy and Strong?

Yes. All 3967 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #33939 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Sturdy and Strong is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #33939, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Sturdy and Strong take to read?

About 330 minutes of reading across 794 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Sturdy and Strong section by section

How to work through Sturdy and Strong section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 7 chapters of Sturdy and Strong to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Sturdy and Strong

Words and structures a reader meets early in Sturdy and Strong, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Sturdy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sturdy and Strong; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Strong
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sturdy and Strong; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
George
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sturdy and Strong; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Andrews
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sturdy and Strong; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.