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Sun and Saddle Leather
Sun and Saddle Leather

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Sun and Saddle Leather is here in full — 309 sentences across 62 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

By Badger Clark • Curated US English Learning Edition
Cover illustration for Sun and Saddle Leather
Context Illustration Reading 1/61 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Illustrations from Photographs by L. A. HUFFMAN The Gorham Press, Boston, U. S. A. PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Cowboys are the sternest critics of those who would represent the West.
No hypocrisy, no bluff, no pose can evade them.
Yet cowboys have made Badger Clark's songs their own.
So readily have they circulated that often the man who sings the song could not tell you where it started.
Many of the poems have become folk songs of the West, we may say of America, for they speak of freedom and the open.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Sun and Saddle Leather

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Sun and Saddle Leather is here in full — 309 sentences across 62 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/61 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Illustrations from Photographs by L. A. HUFFMAN The Gorham Press, Boston, U. S. A. PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Cowboys are the sternest critics of those who would represent the West.
Line 2
No hypocrisy, no bluff, no pose can evade them.
/noʊ hɪˈpɑːkrəsi noʊ blʌf noʊ poʊz kæn ɪˈveɪd ðem/
Line 3
Yet cowboys have made Badger Clark's songs their own.
/jet ˈkaʊbɔɪz hæv meɪd ˈbædʒər klɑːrks sɔːŋz ðer oʊn/
Line 4
So readily have they circulated that often the man who sings the song could not tell you where it started.
/soʊ ˈredəli hæv ðeɪ ˈsɜːrkjəleɪtɪd ðæt ˈɔːfən ðə mæn huː sɪŋz ðə sɔːŋ kʊd nɑːt tel juː wer ɪt ˈstɑːrtɪd/
Line 5
Many of the poems have become folk songs of the West, we may say of America, for they speak of freedom and the open.
/ˈmeni ʌv ðə ˈpoʊəmz hæv bɪˈkʌm foʊk sɔːŋz ʌv ðə west wiː meɪ seɪ ʌv əˈmerəkə fɔːr ðeɪ spiːk ʌv ˈfriːdəm ənd ðə ˈoʊ.pən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Badger verb US /ˈbædʒər/

annoy persistently

From this reading “Yet cowboys have made Badger Clark's songs their own.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
circulated verb US /ˈsɜːrkjəleɪtɪd/

past form of “circulate” — become widely known and passed on

From this reading “So readily have they circulated that often the man who sings the song could not tell you where it started.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
Clark's noun US /klɑːrks/

possessive form of “clark” — United States explorer who (with Meriwether Lewis) led an expedition from St. Louis to the mouth of the Columbia River; Clark was responsible for making maps of the area (1770-1838)

From this reading “Yet cowboys have made Badger Clark's songs their own.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
cowboys noun US /ˈkaʊbɔɪz/

plural of “cowboy” — a hired hand who tends cattle and performs other duties on horseback

From this reading “Illustrations from Photographs by L. A. HUFFMAN The Gorham Press, Boston, U. S. A. PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Cowboys are the sternest critics of those who would represent the West.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
evade verb US /ɪˈveɪd/

avoid or try to avoid fulfilling, answering, or performing (duties, questions, or issues)

From this reading “No hypocrisy, no bluff, no pose can evade them.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
hypocrisy noun US /hɪˈpɑːkrəsi/

an expression of agreement that is not supported by real conviction

From this reading “No hypocrisy, no bluff, no pose can evade them.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
pose verb US /poʊz/

introduce

From this reading “No hypocrisy, no bluff, no pose can evade them.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
sternest adjective US /ˈstɜːrnəst/

superlative of “stern” — of a stern or strict bearing or demeanor; forbidding in aspect

From this reading “Illustrations from Photographs by L. A. HUFFMAN The Gorham Press, Boston, U. S. A. PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Cowboys are the sternest critics of those who would represent the West.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

THIRD EDITION noun + noun

In this reading “Illustrations from Photographs by L. A. HUFFMAN The Gorham Press, Boston, U. S. A. PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Cowboys are the sternest critics of those who would represent the West.”

747 times in 426,211 chapters
sings the song verb + article + noun counted as “sing … song”

In this reading “So readily have they circulated that often the man who sings the song could not tell you where it started.”

1,134 times in 426,211 chapters

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Illustrations from Photographs by L. A. HUFFMAN The Gorham Press, Boston, U. S. A. PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Cowboys are the sternest critics of those who would represent the West.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading Many of the poems have become folk songs of the West, we may say of America, for they speak of freedom and the open.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Many of the poems have become folk songs of the West, we may say of America, for they speak of freedom and the open.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Illustrations from Photographs by L. A. HUFFMAN The Gorham Press, Boston, U. S. A. PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Cowboys are the sternest critics of those who would represent the West.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
BadgerverbUS /ˈbædʒər/

annoy persistently

From this reading Yet cowboys have made Badger Clark's songs their own.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Many of the poems have become folk songs of the West, we may say of America, for they speak of freedom and the open.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
bluffnounUS /blʌf/

a high steep bank (usually formed by river erosion)

From this reading No hypocrisy, no bluff, no pose can evade them.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
BostonnounUS /ˈbɑːstən/

state capital and largest city of Massachusetts; a major center for banking and financial services

From this reading Illustrations from Photographs by L. A. HUFFMAN The Gorham Press, Boston, U. S. A. PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Cowboys are the sternest critics of those who would represent the West.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Illustrations from Photographs by L. A. HUFFMAN The Gorham Press, Boston, U. S. A. PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Cowboys are the sternest critics of those who would represent the West.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading No hypocrisy, no bluff, no pose can evade them.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
circulatedverbUS /ˈsɜːrkjəleɪtɪd/

past form of “circulate” — become widely known and passed on

From this reading So readily have they circulated that often the man who sings the song could not tell you where it started.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
Clark'snounUS /klɑːrks/

possessive form of “clark” — United States explorer who (with Meriwether Lewis) led an expedition from St. Louis to the mouth of the Columbia River; Clark was responsible for making maps of the area (1770-1838)

From this reading Yet cowboys have made Badger Clark's songs their own.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading So readily have they circulated that often the man who sings the song could not tell you where it started.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
CowboysnounUS /ˈkaʊbɔɪz/

plural of “cowboy” — a hired hand who tends cattle and performs other duties on horseback

From this reading Illustrations from Photographs by L. A. HUFFMAN The Gorham Press, Boston, U. S. A. PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Cowboys are the sternest critics of those who would represent the West.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
criticsnounUS /ˈkrɪtɪks/

plural of “critic” — a person who is professionally engaged in the analysis and interpretation of works of art

From this reading Illustrations from Photographs by L. A. HUFFMAN The Gorham Press, Boston, U. S. A. PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Cowboys are the sternest critics of those who would represent the West.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
EDITIONnounUS /əˈdɪʃən/

the form in which a text (especially a printed book) is published

From this reading Illustrations from Photographs by L. A. HUFFMAN The Gorham Press, Boston, U. S. A. PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Cowboys are the sternest critics of those who would represent the West.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
evadeverbUS /ɪˈveɪd/

avoid or try to avoid fulfilling, answering, or performing (duties, questions, or issues)

From this reading No hypocrisy, no bluff, no pose can evade them.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
folknounUS /foʊk/

people in general (often used in the plural)

From this reading Many of the poems have become folk songs of the West, we may say of America, for they speak of freedom and the open.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Many of the poems have become folk songs of the West, we may say of America, for they speak of freedom and the open.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
freedomnounUS /ˈfriːdəm/

the condition of being free; the power to act or speak or think without externally imposed restraints

From this reading Many of the poems have become folk songs of the West, we may say of America, for they speak of freedom and the open.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Illustrations from Photographs by L. A. HUFFMAN The Gorham Press, Boston, U. S. A. PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Cowboys are the sternest critics of those who would represent the West.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
Gorham

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Illustrations from Photographs by L. A. HUFFMAN The Gorham Press, Boston, U. S. A. PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Cowboys are the sternest critics of those who would represent the West.

Pending verification
haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Yet cowboys have made Badger Clark's songs their own.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
HUFFMAN

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Illustrations from Photographs by L. A. HUFFMAN The Gorham Press, Boston, U. S. A. PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Cowboys are the sternest critics of those who would represent the West.

Pending verification
hypocrisynounUS /hɪˈpɑːkrəsi/

an expression of agreement that is not supported by real conviction

From this reading No hypocrisy, no bluff, no pose can evade them.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
IllustrationsnounUS /ˌɪləˈstreɪʃənz/

plural of “illustration” — artwork that helps make something clear or attractive

From this reading Illustrations from Photographs by L. A. HUFFMAN The Gorham Press, Boston, U. S. A. PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Cowboys are the sternest critics of those who would represent the West.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading So readily have they circulated that often the man who sings the song could not tell you where it started.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
LnounUS /el/

a metric unit of capacity, formerly defined as the volume of one kilogram of pure water under standard conditions; now equal to 1,000 cubic centimeters (or approximately 1.75 pints)

From this reading Illustrations from Photographs by L. A. HUFFMAN The Gorham Press, Boston, U. S. A. PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Cowboys are the sternest critics of those who would represent the West.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Yet cowboys have made Badger Clark's songs their own.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading So readily have they circulated that often the man who sings the song could not tell you where it started.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
ManyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Many of the poems have become folk songs of the West, we may say of America, for they speak of freedom and the open.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Many of the poems have become folk songs of the West, we may say of America, for they speak of freedom and the open.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No hypocrisy, no bluff, no pose can evade them.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading So readily have they circulated that often the man who sings the song could not tell you where it started.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Illustrations from Photographs by L. A. HUFFMAN The Gorham Press, Boston, U. S. A. PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Cowboys are the sternest critics of those who would represent the West.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading So readily have they circulated that often the man who sings the song could not tell you where it started.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading Many of the poems have become folk songs of the West, we may say of America, for they speak of freedom and the open.

Velmora curated lexicon
ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Yet cowboys have made Badger Clark's songs their own.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
PhotographsnounUS /ˈfoʊtəɡræfs/

plural of “photograph” — a representation of a person or scene in the form of a print or transparent slide or in digital format

From this reading Illustrations from Photographs by L. A. HUFFMAN The Gorham Press, Boston, U. S. A. PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Cowboys are the sternest critics of those who would represent the West.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
poemsnounUS /ˈpoʊəmz/

plural of “poem” — a composition written in metrical feet forming rhythmical lines

From this reading Many of the poems have become folk songs of the West, we may say of America, for they speak of freedom and the open.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
poseverbUS /poʊz/

introduce

From this reading No hypocrisy, no bluff, no pose can evade them.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
PREFACEnounUS /ˈprefəs/

a short introductory essay preceding the text of a book

From this reading Illustrations from Photographs by L. A. HUFFMAN The Gorham Press, Boston, U. S. A. PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Cowboys are the sternest critics of those who would represent the West.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
PressverbUS /pres/

exert pressure or force to or upon

From this reading Illustrations from Photographs by L. A. HUFFMAN The Gorham Press, Boston, U. S. A. PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Cowboys are the sternest critics of those who would represent the West.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
readilyadverbUS /ˈredəli/

without much difficulty

From this reading So readily have they circulated that often the man who sings the song could not tell you where it started.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
representverbUS /ˌreprɪˈzent/

take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to

From this reading Illustrations from Photographs by L. A. HUFFMAN The Gorham Press, Boston, U. S. A. PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Cowboys are the sternest critics of those who would represent the West.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
SnounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading Illustrations from Photographs by L. A. HUFFMAN The Gorham Press, Boston, U. S. A. PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Cowboys are the sternest critics of those who would represent the West.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading Many of the poems have become folk songs of the West, we may say of America, for they speak of freedom and the open.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
singsverbUS /sɪŋz/

third-person singular of “sing” — deliver by singing

From this reading So readily have they circulated that often the man who sings the song could not tell you where it started.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So readily have they circulated that often the man who sings the song could not tell you where it started.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
songnounUS /sɔːŋ/

a short musical composition with words

From this reading So readily have they circulated that often the man who sings the song could not tell you where it started.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
songsnounUS /sɔːŋz/

plural of “song” — a short musical composition with words

From this reading Yet cowboys have made Badger Clark's songs their own.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
speakverbUS /spiːk/

express in speech

From this reading Many of the poems have become folk songs of the West, we may say of America, for they speak of freedom and the open.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
startedverbUS /ˈstɑːrtɪd/

past form of “start” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading So readily have they circulated that often the man who sings the song could not tell you where it started.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
sternestadjectiveUS /ˈstɜːrnəst/

superlative of “stern” — of a stern or strict bearing or demeanor; forbidding in aspect

From this reading Illustrations from Photographs by L. A. HUFFMAN The Gorham Press, Boston, U. S. A. PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Cowboys are the sternest critics of those who would represent the West.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading So readily have they circulated that often the man who sings the song could not tell you where it started.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading So readily have they circulated that often the man who sings the song could not tell you where it started.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Illustrations from Photographs by L. A. HUFFMAN The Gorham Press, Boston, U. S. A. PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Cowboys are the sternest critics of those who would represent the West.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Yet cowboys have made Badger Clark's songs their own.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading No hypocrisy, no bluff, no pose can evade them.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading So readily have they circulated that often the man who sings the song could not tell you where it started.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
THIRDnounUS /θɜːrd/

one of three equal parts of a divisible whole

From this reading Illustrations from Photographs by L. A. HUFFMAN The Gorham Press, Boston, U. S. A. PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Cowboys are the sternest critics of those who would represent the West.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Illustrations from Photographs by L. A. HUFFMAN The Gorham Press, Boston, U. S. A. PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Cowboys are the sternest critics of those who would represent the West.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Illustrations from Photographs by L. A. HUFFMAN The Gorham Press, Boston, U. S. A. PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Cowboys are the sternest critics of those who would represent the West.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
UnounUS /juː/

a base containing nitrogen that is found in RNA (but not in DNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine

From this reading Illustrations from Photographs by L. A. HUFFMAN The Gorham Press, Boston, U. S. A. PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Cowboys are the sternest critics of those who would represent the West.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Many of the poems have become folk songs of the West, we may say of America, for they speak of freedom and the open.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
WestnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading Illustrations from Photographs by L. A. HUFFMAN The Gorham Press, Boston, U. S. A. PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Cowboys are the sternest critics of those who would represent the West.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading So readily have they circulated that often the man who sings the song could not tell you where it started.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Illustrations from Photographs by L. A. HUFFMAN The Gorham Press, Boston, U. S. A. PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Cowboys are the sternest critics of those who would represent the West.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Illustrations from Photographs by L. A. HUFFMAN The Gorham Press, Boston, U. S. A. PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION Cowboys are the sternest critics of those who would represent the West.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
YetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Yet cowboys have made Badger Clark's songs their own.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading So readily have they circulated that often the man who sings the song could not tell you where it started.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary

Chapter 1 of Sun and Saddle Leather by Badger Clark holds 309 sentences, grouped into 62 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Sun and Saddle Leather contain?

Chapter 1 holds 309 sentences of Sun and Saddle Leather, unabridged, divided into 62 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Sun and Saddle Leather by Badger Clark exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 309 sentences, grouped into 62 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Sun and Saddle Leather?

Work through the 62 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 62 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Sun and Saddle Leather

Common questions about reading Sun and Saddle Leather by Badger Clark on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Sun and Saddle Leather?

Yes. All 309 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #36770 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Sun and Saddle Leather is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #36770, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Sun and Saddle Leather take to read?

About 25 minutes of reading across 62 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Sun and Saddle Leather section by section

How to work through Sun and Saddle Leather section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 1 chapters of Sun and Saddle Leather to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Sun and Saddle Leather

Words and structures a reader meets early in Sun and Saddle Leather, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Illustrations
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sun and Saddle Leather; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Photographs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sun and Saddle Leather; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Huffman
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sun and Saddle Leather; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gorham
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Sun and Saddle Leather; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.