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Survival of the fittest
Survival of the fittest

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Survival of the fittest is here in full — 634 sentences across 127 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/126 · 5 lines
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They weren't robots, even though people called them that; they were androids and they wanted to be treated as rational beings.
What?--screamed humans--treat machines as equals?
Even if the "survival of the fittest" theory (grafted onto Darwinism by popularizers) is a good one, it's still a matter of hindsight, and not a case of deciding in advance which or who ought to survive.
However, does this stump our hero, our indefatigable human being?
The answer is a hearty, if somewhat delusionary, NO!
0:00 / 0:00
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Survival of the fittest

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Survival of the fittest is here in full — 634 sentences across 127 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/126 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
They weren't robots, even though people called them that; they were androids and they wanted to be treated as rational beings.
Line 2
What?--screamed humans--treat machines as equals?
Line 3
Even if the "survival of the fittest" theory (grafted onto Darwinism by popularizers) is a good one, it's still a matter of hindsight, and not a case of deciding in advance which or who ought to survive.
Line 4
However, does this stump our hero, our indefatigable human being?
/ˌhaʊˈevər dʌz ðɪs stʌmp ˈaʊər ˈhɪroʊ ˈaʊər ˌɪndɪˈfætɪɡəbəl ˈhjuːmən ˈbiːɪŋ/
Line 5
The answer is a hearty, if somewhat delusionary, NO!

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

androids noun US /ˈændrɔɪdz/

plural of “android” — an automaton that resembles a human being

From this reading “They weren't robots, even though people called them that; they were androids and they wanted to be treated as rational beings.”

Darwinism noun US /ˈdɑːrwɪnɪzəm/

a theory of organic evolution claiming that new species arise and are perpetuated by natural selection

From this reading “Even if the "survival of the fittest" theory (grafted onto Darwinism by popularizers) is a good one, it's still a matter of hindsight, and not a case of deciding in advance which or who ought to survive.”

fittest adjective US /ˈfɪtəst/

superlative of “fit” — meeting adequate standards for a purpose

From this reading “Even if the "survival of the fittest" theory (grafted onto Darwinism by popularizers) is a good one, it's still a matter of hindsight, and not a case of deciding in advance which or who ought to survive.”

grafted verb US /ˈɡræftɪd/

past form of “graft” — cause to grow together parts from different plants

From this reading “Even if the "survival of the fittest" theory (grafted onto Darwinism by popularizers) is a good one, it's still a matter of hindsight, and not a case of deciding in advance which or who ought to survive.”

hindsight noun US /ˈhaɪndsaɪt/

understanding the nature of an event after it has happened

From this reading “Even if the "survival of the fittest" theory (grafted onto Darwinism by popularizers) is a good one, it's still a matter of hindsight, and not a case of deciding in advance which or who ought to survive.”

indefatigable adjective US /ˌɪndɪˈfætɪɡəbəl/

showing sustained enthusiastic action with unflagging vitality

From this reading “However, does this stump our hero, our indefatigable human being?”

robots noun US /ˈroʊbɑːts/

plural of “robot” — a mechanism that can move automatically

From this reading “They weren't robots, even though people called them that; they were androids and they wanted to be treated as rational beings.”

survival noun US /sərˈvaɪvəl/

a state of surviving; remaining alive

From this reading “Even if the "survival of the fittest" theory (grafted onto Darwinism by popularizers) is a good one, it's still a matter of hindsight, and not a case of deciding in advance which or who ought to survive.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Even if the "survival of the fittest" theory (grafted onto Darwinism by popularizers) is a good one, it's still a matter of hindsight, and not a case of deciding in advance which or who ought to survive.

advanceverbUS /ədˈvæns/

move forward, also in the metaphorical sense

From this reading Even if the "survival of the fittest" theory (grafted onto Darwinism by popularizers) is a good one, it's still a matter of hindsight, and not a case of deciding in advance which or who ought to survive.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading They weren't robots, even though people called them that; they were androids and they wanted to be treated as rational beings.

androidsnounUS /ˈændrɔɪdz/

plural of “android” — an automaton that resembles a human being

From this reading They weren't robots, even though people called them that; they were androids and they wanted to be treated as rational beings.

answerverbUS /ˈænsər/

react verbally

From this reading The answer is a hearty, if somewhat delusionary, NO!

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading They weren't robots, even though people called them that; they were androids and they wanted to be treated as rational beings.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading They weren't robots, even though people called them that; they were androids and they wanted to be treated as rational beings.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading However, does this stump our hero, our indefatigable human being?

beingsnounUS /ˈbiːɪŋz/

plural of “being” — the state or fact of existing

From this reading They weren't robots, even though people called them that; they were androids and they wanted to be treated as rational beings.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Even if the "survival of the fittest" theory (grafted onto Darwinism by popularizers) is a good one, it's still a matter of hindsight, and not a case of deciding in advance which or who ought to survive.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading They weren't robots, even though people called them that; they were androids and they wanted to be treated as rational beings.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading Even if the "survival of the fittest" theory (grafted onto Darwinism by popularizers) is a good one, it's still a matter of hindsight, and not a case of deciding in advance which or who ought to survive.

DarwinismnounUS /ˈdɑːrwɪnɪzəm/

a theory of organic evolution claiming that new species arise and are perpetuated by natural selection

From this reading Even if the "survival of the fittest" theory (grafted onto Darwinism by popularizers) is a good one, it's still a matter of hindsight, and not a case of deciding in advance which or who ought to survive.

decidingnounUS /ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪŋ/

the cognitive process of reaching a decision

From this reading Even if the "survival of the fittest" theory (grafted onto Darwinism by popularizers) is a good one, it's still a matter of hindsight, and not a case of deciding in advance which or who ought to survive.

delusionary

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The answer is a hearty, if somewhat delusionary, NO!

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading However, does this stump our hero, our indefatigable human being?

equalsnounUS /ˈiːkwəlz/

plural of “equal” — a person who is of equal standing with another in a group

From this reading What?--screamed humans--treat machines as equals?

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading They weren't robots, even though people called them that; they were androids and they wanted to be treated as rational beings.

fittestadjectiveUS /ˈfɪtəst/

superlative of “fit” — meeting adequate standards for a purpose

From this reading Even if the "survival of the fittest" theory (grafted onto Darwinism by popularizers) is a good one, it's still a matter of hindsight, and not a case of deciding in advance which or who ought to survive.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Even if the "survival of the fittest" theory (grafted onto Darwinism by popularizers) is a good one, it's still a matter of hindsight, and not a case of deciding in advance which or who ought to survive.

graftedverbUS /ˈɡræftɪd/

past form of “graft” — cause to grow together parts from different plants

From this reading Even if the "survival of the fittest" theory (grafted onto Darwinism by popularizers) is a good one, it's still a matter of hindsight, and not a case of deciding in advance which or who ought to survive.

heartyadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːrti/

showing warm and heartfelt friendliness

From this reading The answer is a hearty, if somewhat delusionary, NO!

heronounUS /ˈhɪroʊ/

a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength

From this reading However, does this stump our hero, our indefatigable human being?

hindsightnounUS /ˈhaɪndsaɪt/

understanding the nature of an event after it has happened

From this reading Even if the "survival of the fittest" theory (grafted onto Darwinism by popularizers) is a good one, it's still a matter of hindsight, and not a case of deciding in advance which or who ought to survive.

HoweveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading However, does this stump our hero, our indefatigable human being?

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading However, does this stump our hero, our indefatigable human being?

humansnounUS /ˈhjuːmənz/

all of the living human inhabitants of the earth

From this reading What?--screamed humans--treat machines as equals?

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Even if the "survival of the fittest" theory (grafted onto Darwinism by popularizers) is a good one, it's still a matter of hindsight, and not a case of deciding in advance which or who ought to survive.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Even if the "survival of the fittest" theory (grafted onto Darwinism by popularizers) is a good one, it's still a matter of hindsight, and not a case of deciding in advance which or who ought to survive.

indefatigableadjectiveUS /ˌɪndɪˈfætɪɡəbəl/

showing sustained enthusiastic action with unflagging vitality

From this reading However, does this stump our hero, our indefatigable human being?

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Even if the "survival of the fittest" theory (grafted onto Darwinism by popularizers) is a good one, it's still a matter of hindsight, and not a case of deciding in advance which or who ought to survive.

it's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Even if the "survival of the fittest" theory (grafted onto Darwinism by popularizers) is a good one, it's still a matter of hindsight, and not a case of deciding in advance which or who ought to survive.

machinesnounUS /məˈʃiːnz/

plural of “machine” — any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasks

From this reading What?--screamed humans--treat machines as equals?

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading Even if the "survival of the fittest" theory (grafted onto Darwinism by popularizers) is a good one, it's still a matter of hindsight, and not a case of deciding in advance which or who ought to survive.

NOdeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The answer is a hearty, if somewhat delusionary, NO!

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Even if the "survival of the fittest" theory (grafted onto Darwinism by popularizers) is a good one, it's still a matter of hindsight, and not a case of deciding in advance which or who ought to survive.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Even if the "survival of the fittest" theory (grafted onto Darwinism by popularizers) is a good one, it's still a matter of hindsight, and not a case of deciding in advance which or who ought to survive.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Even if the "survival of the fittest" theory (grafted onto Darwinism by popularizers) is a good one, it's still a matter of hindsight, and not a case of deciding in advance which or who ought to survive.

ontoprepositionUS /ˈɑːntuː/

moving to a position on a surface

From this reading Even if the "survival of the fittest" theory (grafted onto Darwinism by popularizers) is a good one, it's still a matter of hindsight, and not a case of deciding in advance which or who ought to survive.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Even if the "survival of the fittest" theory (grafted onto Darwinism by popularizers) is a good one, it's still a matter of hindsight, and not a case of deciding in advance which or who ought to survive.

oughtmodal verbUS /ɔːt/

used with “to” to say what is right or advisable

From this reading Even if the "survival of the fittest" theory (grafted onto Darwinism by popularizers) is a good one, it's still a matter of hindsight, and not a case of deciding in advance which or who ought to survive.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading However, does this stump our hero, our indefatigable human being?

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading They weren't robots, even though people called them that; they were androids and they wanted to be treated as rational beings.

popularizers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Even if the "survival of the fittest" theory (grafted onto Darwinism by popularizers) is a good one, it's still a matter of hindsight, and not a case of deciding in advance which or who ought to survive.

rationaladjectiveUS /ˈræʃ.ən.əl/

Based on or in accordance with reason or logic rather than turbulent emotions.

From this reading They weren't robots, even though people called them that; they were androids and they wanted to be treated as rational beings.

robotsnounUS /ˈroʊbɑːts/

plural of “robot” — a mechanism that can move automatically

From this reading They weren't robots, even though people called them that; they were androids and they wanted to be treated as rational beings.

screamedverbUS /skriːmd/

past form of “scream” — utter a sudden loud cry

From this reading What?--screamed humans--treat machines as equals?

somewhatadverbUS /ˈsʌmˈwʌt/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading The answer is a hearty, if somewhat delusionary, NO!

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Even if the "survival of the fittest" theory (grafted onto Darwinism by popularizers) is a good one, it's still a matter of hindsight, and not a case of deciding in advance which or who ought to survive.

stumpnounUS /stʌmp/

the base part of a tree that remains standing after the tree has been felled

From this reading However, does this stump our hero, our indefatigable human being?

survivalnounUS /sərˈvaɪvəl/

a state of surviving; remaining alive

From this reading Even if the "survival of the fittest" theory (grafted onto Darwinism by popularizers) is a good one, it's still a matter of hindsight, and not a case of deciding in advance which or who ought to survive.

surviveverbUS /sərˈvaɪv/

continue to live and avoid dying

From this reading Even if the "survival of the fittest" theory (grafted onto Darwinism by popularizers) is a good one, it's still a matter of hindsight, and not a case of deciding in advance which or who ought to survive.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading They weren't robots, even though people called them that; they were androids and they wanted to be treated as rational beings.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Even if the "survival of the fittest" theory (grafted onto Darwinism by popularizers) is a good one, it's still a matter of hindsight, and not a case of deciding in advance which or who ought to survive.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading They weren't robots, even though people called them that; they were androids and they wanted to be treated as rational beings.

theorynounUS /ˈθɪri/

a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena

From this reading Even if the "survival of the fittest" theory (grafted onto Darwinism by popularizers) is a good one, it's still a matter of hindsight, and not a case of deciding in advance which or who ought to survive.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They weren't robots, even though people called them that; they were androids and they wanted to be treated as rational beings.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading However, does this stump our hero, our indefatigable human being?

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading They weren't robots, even though people called them that; they were androids and they wanted to be treated as rational beings.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading They weren't robots, even though people called them that; they were androids and they wanted to be treated as rational beings.

treatverbUS /triːt/

interact in a certain way

From this reading What?--screamed humans--treat machines as equals?

treatedadjectiveUS /ˈtriːtɪd/

subjected to a physical (or chemical) treatment or action or agent

From this reading They weren't robots, even though people called them that; they were androids and they wanted to be treated as rational beings.

wantedadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːntɪd/

desired or wished for or sought

From this reading They weren't robots, even though people called them that; they were androids and they wanted to be treated as rational beings.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They weren't robots, even though people called them that; they were androids and they wanted to be treated as rational beings.

weren't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They weren't robots, even though people called them that; they were androids and they wanted to be treated as rational beings.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading What?--screamed humans--treat machines as equals?

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Even if the "survival of the fittest" theory (grafted onto Darwinism by popularizers) is a good one, it's still a matter of hindsight, and not a case of deciding in advance which or who ought to survive.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Even if the "survival of the fittest" theory (grafted onto Darwinism by popularizers) is a good one, it's still a matter of hindsight, and not a case of deciding in advance which or who ought to survive.

Chapter 1 of Survival of the fittest by Gene L. Henderson holds 634 sentences, grouped into 127 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Survival of the fittest contain?

Chapter 1 holds 634 sentences of Survival of the fittest, unabridged, divided into 127 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Survival of the fittest by Gene L. Henderson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 634 sentences, grouped into 127 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Survival of the fittest?

Work through the 127 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 127 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Survival of the fittest

Common questions about reading Survival of the fittest by Gene L. Henderson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Survival of the fittest?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Survival of the fittest is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Survival of the fittest take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Survival of the fittest section by section

How to work through Survival of the fittest section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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Vocabulary met early in Survival of the fittest

Words and structures a reader meets early in Survival of the fittest, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Survival of the fittest, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Survival of the fittest, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Survival of the fittest, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.