Chapter VII

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The Jews were forbidden to destroy fruit-trees, even in an enemy’s country; and it used to be a law in France, and may be so still, that when an individual had received permission to cut down one of his trees, it was on condition of his planting two.

a positive feeling of liking

From this reading The planters of vineyards enjoyed many privileges under the Jewish dispensation, and heathen governments placed both vineyards and orchards under the protection of the most graceful of their deities, and these deities were supposed to have an especial affection for particular trees.

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The Jews were forbidden to destroy fruit-trees, even in an enemy’s country; and it used to be a law in France, and may be so still, that when an individual had received permission to cut down one of his trees, it was on condition of his planting two.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The Jews were forbidden to destroy fruit-trees, even in an enemy’s country; and it used to be a law in France, and may be so still, that when an individual had received permission to cut down one of his trees, it was on condition of his planting two.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The Romans were skilled in forcing their fruits, which were produced at the third course, and not, as with the Greeks, at the second.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The Romans were skilled in forcing their fruits, which were produced at the third course, and not, as with the Greeks, at the second.

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The Jews were forbidden to destroy fruit-trees, even in an enemy’s country; and it used to be a law in France, and may be so still, that when an individual had received permission to cut down one of his trees, it was on condition of his planting two.

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Minerva is popularly said to have given birth to the olive, which was the emblem of Peace, the latter being naturally born of Wisdom.

the time when something begins (especially life)

From this reading Minerva is popularly said to have given birth to the olive, which was the emblem of Peace, the latter being naturally born of Wisdom.

brought into existence

From this reading Minerva is popularly said to have given birth to the olive, which was the emblem of Peace, the latter being naturally born of Wisdom.

the two together, not just one

From this reading The planters of vineyards enjoyed many privileges under the Jewish dispensation, and heathen governments placed both vineyards and orchards under the protection of the most graceful of their deities, and these deities were supposed to have an especial affection for particular trees.

a state at a particular time

From this reading The Jews were forbidden to destroy fruit-trees, even in an enemy’s country; and it used to be a law in France, and may be so still, that when an individual had received permission to cut down one of his trees, it was on condition of his planting two.

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The Jews were forbidden to destroy fruit-trees, even in an enemy’s country; and it used to be a law in France, and may be so still, that when an individual had received permission to cut down one of his trees, it was on condition of his planting two.

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading The Romans were skilled in forcing their fruits, which were produced at the third course, and not, as with the Greeks, at the second.

separate with or as if with an instrument

From this reading When Murat wished to instigate the Italians to labour, he cut down their olive-trees.

plural of “deity” — any supernatural being worshipped as controlling some part of the world or some aspect of life or who is the personification of a force

From this reading The planters of vineyards enjoyed many privileges under the Jewish dispensation, and heathen governments placed both vineyards and orchards under the protection of the most graceful of their deities, and these deities were supposed to have an especial affection for particular trees.

do away with, cause the destruction or undoing of

From this reading The Jews were forbidden to destroy fruit-trees, even in an enemy’s country; and it used to be a law in France, and may be so still, that when an individual had received permission to cut down one of his trees, it was on condition of his planting two.

an exemption from some rule or obligation

From this reading The planters of vineyards enjoyed many privileges under the Jewish dispensation, and heathen governments placed both vineyards and orchards under the protection of the most graceful of their deities, and these deities were supposed to have an especial affection for particular trees.

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading When Murat wished to instigate the Italians to labour, he cut down their olive-trees.

special design or visual object representing a quality, type, group, etc.

From this reading Minerva is popularly said to have given birth to the olive, which was the emblem of Peace, the latter being naturally born of Wisdom.

possessive form of “enemy” — an opposing military force

From this reading The Jews were forbidden to destroy fruit-trees, even in an enemy’s country; and it used to be a law in France, and may be so still, that when an individual had received permission to cut down one of his trees, it was on condition of his planting two.

past form of “enjoy” — derive or receive pleasure from; get enjoyment from; take pleasure in

From this reading The planters of vineyards enjoyed many privileges under the Jewish dispensation, and heathen governments placed both vineyards and orchards under the protection of the most graceful of their deities, and these deities were supposed to have an especial affection for particular trees.

surpassing what is common or usual or expected

From this reading The planters of vineyards enjoyed many privileges under the Jewish dispensation, and heathen governments placed both vineyards and orchards under the protection of the most graceful of their deities, and these deities were supposed to have an especial affection for particular trees.

divisible by two

From this reading The Jews were forbidden to destroy fruit-trees, even in an enemy’s country; and it used to be a law in France, and may be so still, that when an individual had received permission to cut down one of his trees, it was on condition of his planting two.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The planters of vineyards enjoyed many privileges under the Jewish dispensation, and heathen governments placed both vineyards and orchards under the protection of the most graceful of their deities, and these deities were supposed to have an especial affection for particular trees.

Not allowed; banned or prohibited by rule or law.

From this reading The Jews were forbidden to destroy fruit-trees, even in an enemy’s country; and it used to be a law in France, and may be so still, that when an individual had received permission to cut down one of his trees, it was on condition of his planting two.

-ing form of “force” — to cause to do through pressure or necessity, by physical, moral or intellectual means

From this reading The Romans were skilled in forcing their fruits, which were produced at the third course, and not, as with the Greeks, at the second.

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading The Jews were forbidden to destroy fruit-trees, even in an enemy’s country; and it used to be a law in France, and may be so still, that when an individual had received permission to cut down one of his trees, it was on condition of his planting two.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Jews were forbidden to destroy fruit-trees, even in an enemy’s country; and it used to be a law in France, and may be so still, that when an individual had received permission to cut down one of his trees, it was on condition of his planting two.

plural of “fruit” — the ripened reproductive body of a seed plant

From this reading The Romans were skilled in forcing their fruits, which were produced at the third course, and not, as with the Greeks, at the second.

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading Minerva is popularly said to have given birth to the olive, which was the emblem of Peace, the latter being naturally born of Wisdom.

plural of “government” — the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading The planters of vineyards enjoyed many privileges under the Jewish dispensation, and heathen governments placed both vineyards and orchards under the protection of the most graceful of their deities, and these deities were supposed to have an especial affection for particular trees.

characterized by beauty of movement, style, form, or execution

From this reading The planters of vineyards enjoyed many privileges under the Jewish dispensation, and heathen governments placed both vineyards and orchards under the protection of the most graceful of their deities, and these deities were supposed to have an especial affection for particular trees.

plural of “greek” — the Hellenic branch of the Indo-European family of languages

From this reading The Romans were skilled in forcing their fruits, which were produced at the third course, and not, as with the Greeks, at the second.

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The Jews were forbidden to destroy fruit-trees, even in an enemy’s country; and it used to be a law in France, and may be so still, that when an individual had received permission to cut down one of his trees, it was on condition of his planting two.

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The planters of vineyards enjoyed many privileges under the Jewish dispensation, and heathen governments placed both vineyards and orchards under the protection of the most graceful of their deities, and these deities were supposed to have an especial affection for particular trees.

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading When Murat wished to instigate the Italians to labour, he cut down their olive-trees.

a person who does not acknowledge your god

From this reading The planters of vineyards enjoyed many privileges under the Jewish dispensation, and heathen governments placed both vineyards and orchards under the protection of the most graceful of their deities, and these deities were supposed to have an especial affection for particular trees.

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The Jews were forbidden to destroy fruit-trees, even in an enemy’s country; and it used to be a law in France, and may be so still, that when an individual had received permission to cut down one of his trees, it was on condition of his planting two.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Jews were forbidden to destroy fruit-trees, even in an enemy’s country; and it used to be a law in France, and may be so still, that when an individual had received permission to cut down one of his trees, it was on condition of his planting two.

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading The Jews were forbidden to destroy fruit-trees, even in an enemy’s country; and it used to be a law in France, and may be so still, that when an individual had received permission to cut down one of his trees, it was on condition of his planting two.

provoke or stir up

From this reading When Murat wished to instigate the Italians to labour, he cut down their olive-trees.

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Minerva is popularly said to have given birth to the olive, which was the emblem of Peace, the latter being naturally born of Wisdom.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The Jews were forbidden to destroy fruit-trees, even in an enemy’s country; and it used to be a law in France, and may be so still, that when an individual had received permission to cut down one of his trees, it was on condition of his planting two.

plural of “italian” — a native or inhabitant of Italy

From this reading When Murat wished to instigate the Italians to labour, he cut down their olive-trees.

of or relating to Jews or their culture or religion

From this reading The planters of vineyards enjoyed many privileges under the Jewish dispensation, and heathen governments placed both vineyards and orchards under the protection of the most graceful of their deities, and these deities were supposed to have an especial affection for particular trees.

plural of “jew” — a person belonging to the worldwide group claiming descent from Jacob (or converted to it) and connected by cultural or religious ties

From this reading The Jews were forbidden to destroy fruit-trees, even in an enemy’s country; and it used to be a law in France, and may be so still, that when an individual had received permission to cut down one of his trees, it was on condition of his planting two.

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading When Murat wished to instigate the Italians to labour, he cut down their olive-trees.

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading Minerva is popularly said to have given birth to the olive, which was the emblem of Peace, the latter being naturally born of Wisdom.

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading The Jews were forbidden to destroy fruit-trees, even in an enemy’s country; and it used to be a law in France, and may be so still, that when an individual had received permission to cut down one of his trees, it was on condition of his planting two.

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The planters of vineyards enjoyed many privileges under the Jewish dispensation, and heathen governments placed both vineyards and orchards under the protection of the most graceful of their deities, and these deities were supposed to have an especial affection for particular trees.

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading The Jews were forbidden to destroy fruit-trees, even in an enemy’s country; and it used to be a law in France, and may be so still, that when an individual had received permission to cut down one of his trees, it was on condition of his planting two.

(Roman mythology) goddess of wisdom; counterpart of Greek Athena

From this reading Minerva is popularly said to have given birth to the olive, which was the emblem of Peace, the latter being naturally born of Wisdom.

used to form the superlative

From this reading The planters of vineyards enjoyed many privileges under the Jewish dispensation, and heathen governments placed both vineyards and orchards under the protection of the most graceful of their deities, and these deities were supposed to have an especial affection for particular trees.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When Murat wished to instigate the Italians to labour, he cut down their olive-trees.

as might be expected

From this reading Minerva is popularly said to have given birth to the olive, which was the emblem of Peace, the latter being naturally born of Wisdom.

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The Romans were skilled in forcing their fruits, which were produced at the third course, and not, as with the Greeks, at the second.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Jews were forbidden to destroy fruit-trees, even in an enemy’s country; and it used to be a law in France, and may be so still, that when an individual had received permission to cut down one of his trees, it was on condition of his planting two.

of a yellow-green color similar to that of an unripe olive

From this reading Minerva is popularly said to have given birth to the olive, which was the emblem of Peace, the latter being naturally born of Wisdom.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When Murat wished to instigate the Italians to labour, he cut down their olive-trees.

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The Jews were forbidden to destroy fruit-trees, even in an enemy’s country; and it used to be a law in France, and may be so still, that when an individual had received permission to cut down one of his trees, it was on condition of his planting two.

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The Jews were forbidden to destroy fruit-trees, even in an enemy’s country; and it used to be a law in France, and may be so still, that when an individual had received permission to cut down one of his trees, it was on condition of his planting two.

plural of “orchard” — garden consisting of a small cultivated wood without undergrowth

From this reading The planters of vineyards enjoyed many privileges under the Jewish dispensation, and heathen governments placed both vineyards and orchards under the protection of the most graceful of their deities, and these deities were supposed to have an especial affection for particular trees.

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading The planters of vineyards enjoyed many privileges under the Jewish dispensation, and heathen governments placed both vineyards and orchards under the protection of the most graceful of their deities, and these deities were supposed to have an especial affection for particular trees.

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading Minerva is popularly said to have given birth to the olive, which was the emblem of Peace, the latter being naturally born of Wisdom.

approval to do something

From this reading The Jews were forbidden to destroy fruit-trees, even in an enemy’s country; and it used to be a law in France, and may be so still, that when an individual had received permission to cut down one of his trees, it was on condition of his planting two.

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading The planters of vineyards enjoyed many privileges under the Jewish dispensation, and heathen governments placed both vineyards and orchards under the protection of the most graceful of their deities, and these deities were supposed to have an especial affection for particular trees.

plural of “planter” — the owner or manager of a plantation

From this reading The planters of vineyards enjoyed many privileges under the Jewish dispensation, and heathen governments placed both vineyards and orchards under the protection of the most graceful of their deities, and these deities were supposed to have an especial affection for particular trees.

the act of fixing firmly in place

From this reading The Jews were forbidden to destroy fruit-trees, even in an enemy’s country; and it used to be a law in France, and may be so still, that when an individual had received permission to cut down one of his trees, it was on condition of his planting two.

among the people

From this reading Minerva is popularly said to have given birth to the olive, which was the emblem of Peace, the latter being naturally born of Wisdom.

plural of “privilege” — a special advantage or immunity or benefit not enjoyed by all

From this reading The planters of vineyards enjoyed many privileges under the Jewish dispensation, and heathen governments placed both vineyards and orchards under the protection of the most graceful of their deities, and these deities were supposed to have an especial affection for particular trees.

past form of “produce” — bring forth or yield

From this reading The Romans were skilled in forcing their fruits, which were produced at the third course, and not, as with the Greeks, at the second.

the activity of protecting someone or something

From this reading The planters of vineyards enjoyed many privileges under the Jewish dispensation, and heathen governments placed both vineyards and orchards under the protection of the most graceful of their deities, and these deities were supposed to have an especial affection for particular trees.

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading The Jews were forbidden to destroy fruit-trees, even in an enemy’s country; and it used to be a law in France, and may be so still, that when an individual had received permission to cut down one of his trees, it was on condition of his planting two.

a New Testament book containing an exposition of the doctrines of Saint Paul; written in AD 58

From this reading The Romans were skilled in forcing their fruits, which were produced at the third course, and not, as with the Greeks, at the second.

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading Minerva is popularly said to have given birth to the olive, which was the emblem of Peace, the latter being naturally born of Wisdom.

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading The Romans were skilled in forcing their fruits, which were produced at the third course, and not, as with the Greeks, at the second.

having or showing or requiring special skill

From this reading The Romans were skilled in forcing their fruits, which were produced at the third course, and not, as with the Greeks, at the second.

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The Jews were forbidden to destroy fruit-trees, even in an enemy’s country; and it used to be a law in France, and may be so still, that when an individual had received permission to cut down one of his trees, it was on condition of his planting two.

not in physical motion

From this reading The Jews were forbidden to destroy fruit-trees, even in an enemy’s country; and it used to be a law in France, and may be so still, that when an individual had received permission to cut down one of his trees, it was on condition of his planting two.

required or under orders

From this reading The planters of vineyards enjoyed many privileges under the Jewish dispensation, and heathen governments placed both vineyards and orchards under the protection of the most graceful of their deities, and these deities were supposed to have an especial affection for particular trees.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The Jews were forbidden to destroy fruit-trees, even in an enemy’s country; and it used to be a law in France, and may be so still, that when an individual had received permission to cut down one of his trees, it was on condition of his planting two.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading When Murat wished to instigate the Italians to labour, he cut down their olive-trees.

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading When Murat wished to instigate the Italians to labour, he cut down their olive-trees.

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading The planters of vineyards enjoyed many privileges under the Jewish dispensation, and heathen governments placed both vineyards and orchards under the protection of the most graceful of their deities, and these deities were supposed to have an especial affection for particular trees.

one of three equal parts of a divisible whole

From this reading The Romans were skilled in forcing their fruits, which were produced at the third course, and not, as with the Greeks, at the second.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading When Murat wished to instigate the Italians to labour, he cut down their olive-trees.

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading The Jews were forbidden to destroy fruit-trees, even in an enemy’s country; and it used to be a law in France, and may be so still, that when an individual had received permission to cut down one of his trees, it was on condition of his planting two.

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The Jews were forbidden to destroy fruit-trees, even in an enemy’s country; and it used to be a law in France, and may be so still, that when an individual had received permission to cut down one of his trees, it was on condition of his planting two.

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading The planters of vineyards enjoyed many privileges under the Jewish dispensation, and heathen governments placed both vineyards and orchards under the protection of the most graceful of their deities, and these deities were supposed to have an especial affection for particular trees.

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading The Jews were forbidden to destroy fruit-trees, even in an enemy’s country; and it used to be a law in France, and may be so still, that when an individual had received permission to cut down one of his trees, it was on condition of his planting two.

plural of “vineyard” — a farm of grapevines where wine grapes are produced

From this reading The planters of vineyards enjoyed many privileges under the Jewish dispensation, and heathen governments placed both vineyards and orchards under the protection of the most graceful of their deities, and these deities were supposed to have an especial affection for particular trees.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Jews were forbidden to destroy fruit-trees, even in an enemy’s country; and it used to be a law in France, and may be so still, that when an individual had received permission to cut down one of his trees, it was on condition of his planting two.

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The Jews were forbidden to destroy fruit-trees, even in an enemy’s country; and it used to be a law in France, and may be so still, that when an individual had received permission to cut down one of his trees, it was on condition of his planting two.

at the time that

From this reading When Murat wished to instigate the Italians to labour, he cut down their olive-trees.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The Romans were skilled in forcing their fruits, which were produced at the third course, and not, as with the Greeks, at the second.

accumulated knowledge or erudition or enlightenment

From this reading Minerva is popularly said to have given birth to the olive, which was the emblem of Peace, the latter being naturally born of Wisdom.

past form of “wish” — hope for; have a wish

From this reading When Murat wished to instigate the Italians to labour, he cut down their olive-trees.

in the company of; together with

From this reading The Romans were skilled in forcing their fruits, which were produced at the third course, and not, as with the Greeks, at the second.