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Tales and Novels — Volume 04
Tales and Novels — Volume 04

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Tales and Novels — Volume 04 is here in full — 46 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/9 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
PRACTICAL BULLS.
As we have not hitherto been successful in finding original Irish bulls in language, we must now look for them in conduct.
A person may be guilty of a solecism without uttering a single syllable--“That man has been guilty of a solecism with his hand,” an ancient critic said of an actor, who had pointed his hand upwards when invoking the infernal gods.
You may act a lie as well as speak one,” says Wollaston.
Upon the same, principle, the Irish may be said to act, as well as to utter bulls.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Tales and Novels — Volume 04

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Tales and Novels — Volume 04 is here in full — 46 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/9 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
PRACTICAL BULLS.
/ˈpræktəkəl bʊlz/
Line 2
As we have not hitherto been successful in finding original Irish bulls in language, we must now look for them in conduct.
/æz wiː hæv nɑːt ˈhɪðɜːrˈtuː bɪn səkˈsesfəl ɪn ˈfaɪndɪŋ ərˈɪdʒənəl ˈaɪrɪʃ bʊlz ɪn ˈlæŋɡwədʒ wiː mʌst naʊ lʊk fɔːr ðem ɪn ˈkɑːndəkt/
Line 3
A person may be guilty of a solecism without uttering a single syllable--“That man has been guilty of a solecism with his hand,” an ancient critic said of an actor, who had pointed his hand upwards when invoking the infernal gods.
Line 4
You may act a lie as well as speak one,” says Wollaston.
Line 5
Upon the same, principle, the Irish may be said to act, as well as to utter bulls.
/əˈpɑːn ðə seɪm ˈprɪnsəpəl ðə ˈaɪrɪʃ meɪ biː sed tuː ækt æz wel æz tuː ˈʌtər bʊlz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

actor noun US /ˈæktər/

a theatrical performer

From this reading “A person may be guilty of a solecism without uttering a single syllable--“That man has been guilty of a solecism with his hand,” an ancient critic said of an actor, who had pointed his hand upwards when invoking the infernal gods.”

bulls noun US /bʊlz/

plural of “bull” — uncastrated adult male of domestic cattle

From this reading “PRACTICAL BULLS.”

critic noun US /ˈkrɪtɪk/

a person who is professionally engaged in the analysis and interpretation of works of art

From this reading “A person may be guilty of a solecism without uttering a single syllable--“That man has been guilty of a solecism with his hand,” an ancient critic said of an actor, who had pointed his hand upwards when invoking the infernal gods.”

infernal adjective US /ˌɪnˈfɜːrnəl/

characteristic of or resembling Hell

From this reading “A person may be guilty of a solecism without uttering a single syllable--“That man has been guilty of a solecism with his hand,” an ancient critic said of an actor, who had pointed his hand upwards when invoking the infernal gods.”

invoking verb US /ˌɪnˈvoʊkɪŋ/

-ing form of “invoke” — summon into action or bring into existence, often as if by magic

From this reading “A person may be guilty of a solecism without uttering a single syllable--“That man has been guilty of a solecism with his hand,” an ancient critic said of an actor, who had pointed his hand upwards when invoking the infernal gods.”

syllable noun US /ˈsɪləbəl/

a unit of spoken language larger than a phoneme

From this reading “A person may be guilty of a solecism without uttering a single syllable--“That man has been guilty of a solecism with his hand,” an ancient critic said of an actor, who had pointed his hand upwards when invoking the infernal gods.”

upwards adverb US /ˈʌpwərdz/

spatially or metaphorically from a lower to a higher position

From this reading “A person may be guilty of a solecism without uttering a single syllable--“That man has been guilty of a solecism with his hand,” an ancient critic said of an actor, who had pointed his hand upwards when invoking the infernal gods.”

uttering verb US /ˈʌtərɪŋ/

-ing form of “utter” — articulate; either verbally or with a cry, shout, or noise

From this reading “A person may be guilty of a solecism without uttering a single syllable--“That man has been guilty of a solecism with his hand,” an ancient critic said of an actor, who had pointed his hand upwards when invoking the infernal gods.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A person may be guilty of a solecism without uttering a single syllable--“That man has been guilty of a solecism with his hand,” an ancient critic said of an actor, who had pointed his hand upwards when invoking the infernal gods.

actverbUS /ækt/

perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading “You may act a lie as well as speak one,” says Wollaston.

actornounUS /ˈæktər/

a theatrical performer

From this reading A person may be guilty of a solecism without uttering a single syllable--“That man has been guilty of a solecism with his hand,” an ancient critic said of an actor, who had pointed his hand upwards when invoking the infernal gods.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading A person may be guilty of a solecism without uttering a single syllable--“That man has been guilty of a solecism with his hand,” an ancient critic said of an actor, who had pointed his hand upwards when invoking the infernal gods.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading A person may be guilty of a solecism without uttering a single syllable--“That man has been guilty of a solecism with his hand,” an ancient critic said of an actor, who had pointed his hand upwards when invoking the infernal gods.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As we have not hitherto been successful in finding original Irish bulls in language, we must now look for them in conduct.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading A person may be guilty of a solecism without uttering a single syllable--“That man has been guilty of a solecism with his hand,” an ancient critic said of an actor, who had pointed his hand upwards when invoking the infernal gods.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading As we have not hitherto been successful in finding original Irish bulls in language, we must now look for them in conduct.

BULLSnounUS /bʊlz/

plural of “bull” — uncastrated adult male of domestic cattle

From this reading PRACTICAL BULLS.

conductverbUS /ˈkɑːndəkt/

direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading As we have not hitherto been successful in finding original Irish bulls in language, we must now look for them in conduct.

criticnounUS /ˈkrɪtɪk/

a person who is professionally engaged in the analysis and interpretation of works of art

From this reading A person may be guilty of a solecism without uttering a single syllable--“That man has been guilty of a solecism with his hand,” an ancient critic said of an actor, who had pointed his hand upwards when invoking the infernal gods.

findingnounUS /ˈfaɪndɪŋ/

the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation

From this reading As we have not hitherto been successful in finding original Irish bulls in language, we must now look for them in conduct.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading As we have not hitherto been successful in finding original Irish bulls in language, we must now look for them in conduct.

godsnounUS /ɡɑːdz/

plural of “god” — the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading A person may be guilty of a solecism without uttering a single syllable--“That man has been guilty of a solecism with his hand,” an ancient critic said of an actor, who had pointed his hand upwards when invoking the infernal gods.

guiltyadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪlti/

responsible for or chargeable with a reprehensible act

From this reading A person may be guilty of a solecism without uttering a single syllable--“That man has been guilty of a solecism with his hand,” an ancient critic said of an actor, who had pointed his hand upwards when invoking the infernal gods.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading A person may be guilty of a solecism without uttering a single syllable--“That man has been guilty of a solecism with his hand,” an ancient critic said of an actor, who had pointed his hand upwards when invoking the infernal gods.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading A person may be guilty of a solecism without uttering a single syllable--“That man has been guilty of a solecism with his hand,” an ancient critic said of an actor, who had pointed his hand upwards when invoking the infernal gods.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A person may be guilty of a solecism without uttering a single syllable--“That man has been guilty of a solecism with his hand,” an ancient critic said of an actor, who had pointed his hand upwards when invoking the infernal gods.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading As we have not hitherto been successful in finding original Irish bulls in language, we must now look for them in conduct.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading A person may be guilty of a solecism without uttering a single syllable--“That man has been guilty of a solecism with his hand,” an ancient critic said of an actor, who had pointed his hand upwards when invoking the infernal gods.

hithertoadverbUS /ˈhɪðɜːrˈtuː/

used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time

From this reading As we have not hitherto been successful in finding original Irish bulls in language, we must now look for them in conduct.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading As we have not hitherto been successful in finding original Irish bulls in language, we must now look for them in conduct.

infernaladjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈfɜːrnəl/

characteristic of or resembling Hell

From this reading A person may be guilty of a solecism without uttering a single syllable--“That man has been guilty of a solecism with his hand,” an ancient critic said of an actor, who had pointed his hand upwards when invoking the infernal gods.

invokingverbUS /ˌɪnˈvoʊkɪŋ/

-ing form of “invoke” — summon into action or bring into existence, often as if by magic

From this reading A person may be guilty of a solecism without uttering a single syllable--“That man has been guilty of a solecism with his hand,” an ancient critic said of an actor, who had pointed his hand upwards when invoking the infernal gods.

IrishnounUS /ˈaɪrɪʃ/

people of Ireland or of Irish extraction

From this reading As we have not hitherto been successful in finding original Irish bulls in language, we must now look for them in conduct.

languagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading As we have not hitherto been successful in finding original Irish bulls in language, we must now look for them in conduct.

lieverbUS /laɪ/

be located or situated somewhere; occupy a certain position

From this reading “You may act a lie as well as speak one,” says Wollaston.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading As we have not hitherto been successful in finding original Irish bulls in language, we must now look for them in conduct.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading A person may be guilty of a solecism without uttering a single syllable--“That man has been guilty of a solecism with his hand,” an ancient critic said of an actor, who had pointed his hand upwards when invoking the infernal gods.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading A person may be guilty of a solecism without uttering a single syllable--“That man has been guilty of a solecism with his hand,” an ancient critic said of an actor, who had pointed his hand upwards when invoking the infernal gods.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading As we have not hitherto been successful in finding original Irish bulls in language, we must now look for them in conduct.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading As we have not hitherto been successful in finding original Irish bulls in language, we must now look for them in conduct.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading As we have not hitherto been successful in finding original Irish bulls in language, we must now look for them in conduct.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A person may be guilty of a solecism without uttering a single syllable--“That man has been guilty of a solecism with his hand,” an ancient critic said of an actor, who had pointed his hand upwards when invoking the infernal gods.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “You may act a lie as well as speak one,” says Wollaston.

originaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading As we have not hitherto been successful in finding original Irish bulls in language, we must now look for them in conduct.

personnounUS /ˈpɜːrsən/

a human being

From this reading A person may be guilty of a solecism without uttering a single syllable--“That man has been guilty of a solecism with his hand,” an ancient critic said of an actor, who had pointed his hand upwards when invoking the infernal gods.

pointedadjectiveUS /ˈpɔɪntɪd/

having a point

From this reading A person may be guilty of a solecism without uttering a single syllable--“That man has been guilty of a solecism with his hand,” an ancient critic said of an actor, who had pointed his hand upwards when invoking the infernal gods.

PRACTICALadjectiveUS /ˈpræktəkəl/

concerned with actual use or practice

From this reading PRACTICAL BULLS.

principlenounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəl/

a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading Upon the same, principle, the Irish may be said to act, as well as to utter bulls.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading A person may be guilty of a solecism without uttering a single syllable--“That man has been guilty of a solecism with his hand,” an ancient critic said of an actor, who had pointed his hand upwards when invoking the infernal gods.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading Upon the same, principle, the Irish may be said to act, as well as to utter bulls.

saysnounUS /sez/

plural of “say” — the chance to speak

From this reading “You may act a lie as well as speak one,” says Wollaston.

singleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪŋɡəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading A person may be guilty of a solecism without uttering a single syllable--“That man has been guilty of a solecism with his hand,” an ancient critic said of an actor, who had pointed his hand upwards when invoking the infernal gods.

solecismnoun

a socially awkward or tactless act

From this reading A person may be guilty of a solecism without uttering a single syllable--“That man has been guilty of a solecism with his hand,” an ancient critic said of an actor, who had pointed his hand upwards when invoking the infernal gods.

speakverbUS /spiːk/

express in speech

From this reading “You may act a lie as well as speak one,” says Wollaston.

successfuladjectiveUS /səkˈsesfəl/

having succeeded or being marked by a favorable outcome

From this reading As we have not hitherto been successful in finding original Irish bulls in language, we must now look for them in conduct.

syllablenounUS /ˈsɪləbəl/

a unit of spoken language larger than a phoneme

From this reading A person may be guilty of a solecism without uttering a single syllable--“That man has been guilty of a solecism with his hand,” an ancient critic said of an actor, who had pointed his hand upwards when invoking the infernal gods.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading A person may be guilty of a solecism without uttering a single syllable--“That man has been guilty of a solecism with his hand,” an ancient critic said of an actor, who had pointed his hand upwards when invoking the infernal gods.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A person may be guilty of a solecism without uttering a single syllable--“That man has been guilty of a solecism with his hand,” an ancient critic said of an actor, who had pointed his hand upwards when invoking the infernal gods.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading As we have not hitherto been successful in finding original Irish bulls in language, we must now look for them in conduct.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Upon the same, principle, the Irish may be said to act, as well as to utter bulls.

UponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Upon the same, principle, the Irish may be said to act, as well as to utter bulls.

upwardsadverbUS /ˈʌpwərdz/

spatially or metaphorically from a lower to a higher position

From this reading A person may be guilty of a solecism without uttering a single syllable--“That man has been guilty of a solecism with his hand,” an ancient critic said of an actor, who had pointed his hand upwards when invoking the infernal gods.

utterverbUS /ˈʌtər/

articulate; either verbally or with a cry, shout, or noise

From this reading Upon the same, principle, the Irish may be said to act, as well as to utter bulls.

utteringverbUS /ˈʌtərɪŋ/

-ing form of “utter” — articulate; either verbally or with a cry, shout, or noise

From this reading A person may be guilty of a solecism without uttering a single syllable--“That man has been guilty of a solecism with his hand,” an ancient critic said of an actor, who had pointed his hand upwards when invoking the infernal gods.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading As we have not hitherto been successful in finding original Irish bulls in language, we must now look for them in conduct.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading “You may act a lie as well as speak one,” says Wollaston.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading A person may be guilty of a solecism without uttering a single syllable--“That man has been guilty of a solecism with his hand,” an ancient critic said of an actor, who had pointed his hand upwards when invoking the infernal gods.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading A person may be guilty of a solecism without uttering a single syllable--“That man has been guilty of a solecism with his hand,” an ancient critic said of an actor, who had pointed his hand upwards when invoking the infernal gods.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading A person may be guilty of a solecism without uttering a single syllable--“That man has been guilty of a solecism with his hand,” an ancient critic said of an actor, who had pointed his hand upwards when invoking the infernal gods.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading A person may be guilty of a solecism without uttering a single syllable--“That man has been guilty of a solecism with his hand,” an ancient critic said of an actor, who had pointed his hand upwards when invoking the infernal gods.

Wollastonnoun

English chemist and physicist who discovered palladium and rhodium and demonstrated that static and current electricity are the same (1766-1828)

From this reading “You may act a lie as well as speak one,” says Wollaston.

YoupronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading “You may act a lie as well as speak one,” says Wollaston.

Chapter 7 of Tales and Novels — Volume 04 by Maria Edgeworth holds 46 sentences, grouped into 10 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Tales and Novels — Volume 04 contain?

Chapter 7 holds 46 sentences of Tales and Novels — Volume 04, unabridged, divided into 10 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Tales and Novels — Volume 04 by Maria Edgeworth exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 46 sentences, grouped into 10 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Tales and Novels — Volume 04?

Work through the 10 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 10 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Tales and Novels — Volume 04

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Project Gutenberg eBook #9439, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Tales and Novels — Volume 04 take to read?

About 408 minutes of reading across 980 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Tales and Novels — Volume 04

Words and structures a reader meets early in Tales and Novels — Volume 04, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Originality
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tales and Novels — Volume 04; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Irish
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tales and Novels — Volume 04; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bulls
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tales and Novels — Volume 04; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Examined
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tales and Novels — Volume 04; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.