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Tales of Troy and Greece
Tales of Troy and Greece

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Tales of Troy and Greece is here in full — 414 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
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III THE WHIRLPOOL, THE SEA MONSTER, AND THE CATTLE OF THE SUN They had not sailed far when they heard the sea roaring, and saw a great wave, over which hung a thick shining cloud of spray.
They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.
We may ask, Why did Ulysses pass through the narrows between these two rocks? why did he not steer on the outer side of one or the other?
The reason seems to have been that, on the outer side of these cliffs, were the tall reefs which men called the Rocks Wandering.
Between them the sea water leaped in high columns of white foam, and the rocks themselves rushed together, grinding and clashing, while fire flew out of the crevices and crests as from a volcano.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Tales of Troy and Greece

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Tales of Troy and Greece is here in full — 414 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
III THE WHIRLPOOL, THE SEA MONSTER, AND THE CATTLE OF THE SUN They had not sailed far when they heard the sea roaring, and saw a great wave, over which hung a thick shining cloud of spray.
Line 2
They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.
Line 3
We may ask, Why did Ulysses pass through the narrows between these two rocks? why did he not steer on the outer side of one or the other?
/wiː meɪ æsk waɪ dɪd juːˈlɪsiz pæs θruː ðə ˈneroʊz bɪˈtwiːn ðiːz tuː rɑːks waɪ dɪd hiː nɑːt stɪr ɑːn ðə ˈaʊtər saɪd ʌv wʌn ɔːr ðə ˈʌðər/
Line 4
The reason seems to have been that, on the outer side of these cliffs, were the tall reefs which men called the Rocks Wandering.
/ðə ˈriːzən siːmz tuː hæv bɪn ðæt ɑːn ðə ˈaʊtər saɪd ʌv ðiːz klɪfs wɜːr ðə tɔːl riːfs wɪtʃ men kɔːld ðə rɑːks ˈwɑːndərɪŋ/
Line 5
Between them the sea water leaped in high columns of white foam, and the rocks themselves rushed together, grinding and clashing, while fire flew out of the crevices and crests as from a volcano.
/bɪˈtwiːn ðem ðə siː ˈwɔːtər lept ɪn haɪ ˈkɑːləmz ʌv waɪt foʊm ənd ðə rɑːks ðemˈselvz rʌʃt təˈɡeðər ˈɡraɪndɪŋ ənd ˈklæʃɪŋ waɪl ˈfaɪər fluː aʊt ʌv ðə ˈkrevəsɪz ənd krests æz frʌm ə vɑːlˈkeɪnoʊ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

clashing adjective US /ˈklæʃɪŋ/

sharply and harshly discordant

From this reading “Between them the sea water leaped in high columns of white foam, and the rocks themselves rushed together, grinding and clashing, while fire flew out of the crevices and crests as from a volcano.”

crests noun US /krests/

plural of “crest” — the top line of a hill, mountain, or wave

From this reading “Between them the sea water leaped in high columns of white foam, and the rocks themselves rushed together, grinding and clashing, while fire flew out of the crevices and crests as from a volcano.”

crevices noun US /ˈkrevəsɪz/

plural of “crevice” — a long narrow depression in a surface

From this reading “Between them the sea water leaped in high columns of white foam, and the rocks themselves rushed together, grinding and clashing, while fire flew out of the crevices and crests as from a volcano.”

narrowed adjective US /ˈneroʊd/

reduced in size as by squeezing together

From this reading “They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.”

narrows noun US /ˈneroʊz/

plural of “narrow” — a narrow strait connecting two bodies of water

From this reading “We may ask, Why did Ulysses pass through the narrows between these two rocks? why did he not steer on the outer side of one or the other?”

reefs noun US /riːfs/

plural of “reef” — a submerged ridge of rock or coral near the surface of the water

From this reading “The reason seems to have been that, on the outer side of these cliffs, were the tall reefs which men called the Rocks Wandering.”

volcano noun US /vɑːlˈkeɪnoʊ/

a fissure in the earth's crust (or in the surface of some other planet) through which molten lava and gases erupt

From this reading “Between them the sea water leaped in high columns of white foam, and the rocks themselves rushed together, grinding and clashing, while fire flew out of the crevices and crests as from a volcano.”

whirlpool noun US /ˈwɜːrlpuːl/

a powerful circular current of water (usually the result of conflicting tides)

From this reading “III THE WHIRLPOOL, THE SEA MONSTER, AND THE CATTLE OF THE SUN They had not sailed far when they heard the sea roaring, and saw a great wave, over which hung a thick shining cloud of spray.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

white foam noun + noun

In this reading “Between them the sea water leaped in high columns of white foam, and the rocks themselves rushed together, grinding and clashing, while fire flew out of the crevices and crests as from a volcano.”

pass through verb + particle

make a passage or journey from one place to another

In this reading “We may ask, Why did Ulysses pass through the narrows between these two rocks? why did he not steer on the outer side of one or the other?”

SEA MONSTER noun + noun

In this reading “III THE WHIRLPOOL, THE SEA MONSTER, AND THE CATTLE OF THE SUN They had not sailed far when they heard the sea roaring, and saw a great wave, over which hung a thick shining cloud of spray.”

outer side adjective + noun

In this reading “We may ask, Why did Ulysses pass through the narrows between these two rocks? why did he not steer on the outer side of one or the other?”

black rocks adjective + noun counted as “black rock”

In this reading “They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.”

between two preposition + noun

In this reading “They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.”

great peril adjective + noun

In this reading “They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.”

great wave adjective + noun

In this reading “III THE WHIRLPOOL, THE SEA MONSTER, AND THE CATTLE OF THE SUN They had not sailed far when they heard the sea roaring, and saw a great wave, over which hung a thick shining cloud of spray.”

All words in this reading · 110

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading III THE WHIRLPOOL, THE SEA MONSTER, AND THE CATTLE OF THE SUN They had not sailed far when they heard the sea roaring, and saw a great wave, over which hung a thick shining cloud of spray.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading III THE WHIRLPOOL, THE SEA MONSTER, AND THE CATTLE OF THE SUN They had not sailed far when they heard the sea roaring, and saw a great wave, over which hung a thick shining cloud of spray.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Between them the sea water leaped in high columns of white foam, and the rocks themselves rushed together, grinding and clashing, while fire flew out of the crevices and crests as from a volcano.

askverbUS /æsk/

make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading We may ask, Why did Ulysses pass through the narrows between these two rocks? why did he not steer on the outer side of one or the other?

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.

boilingnounUS /ˈbɔɪlɪŋ/

the application of heat to change something from a liquid to a gas

From this reading They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The reason seems to have been that, on the outer side of these cliffs, were the tall reefs which men called the Rocks Wandering.

CATTLEnounUS /ˈkætəl/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading III THE WHIRLPOOL, THE SEA MONSTER, AND THE CATTLE OF THE SUN They had not sailed far when they heard the sea roaring, and saw a great wave, over which hung a thick shining cloud of spray.

Circenoun

(Greek mythology) a sorceress who detained Odysseus on her island and turned his men into swine

From this reading They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.

clashingadjectiveUS /ˈklæʃɪŋ/

sharply and harshly discordant

From this reading Between them the sea water leaped in high columns of white foam, and the rocks themselves rushed together, grinding and clashing, while fire flew out of the crevices and crests as from a volcano.

cliffsnounUS /klɪfs/

plural of “cliff” — a steep high face of rock

From this reading The reason seems to have been that, on the outer side of these cliffs, were the tall reefs which men called the Rocks Wandering.

cloudverbUS /klaʊd/

make overcast or cloudy

From this reading III THE WHIRLPOOL, THE SEA MONSTER, AND THE CATTLE OF THE SUN They had not sailed far when they heard the sea roaring, and saw a great wave, over which hung a thick shining cloud of spray.

columnsnounUS /ˈkɑːləmz/

plural of “column” — a line of units following one after another

From this reading Between them the sea water leaped in high columns of white foam, and the rocks themselves rushed together, grinding and clashing, while fire flew out of the crevices and crests as from a volcano.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.

crestsnounUS /krests/

plural of “crest” — the top line of a hill, mountain, or wave

From this reading Between them the sea water leaped in high columns of white foam, and the rocks themselves rushed together, grinding and clashing, while fire flew out of the crevices and crests as from a volcano.

crevicesnounUS /ˈkrevəsɪz/

plural of “crevice” — a long narrow depression in a surface

From this reading Between them the sea water leaped in high columns of white foam, and the rocks themselves rushed together, grinding and clashing, while fire flew out of the crevices and crests as from a volcano.

dangerousadjectiveUS /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/

involving or causing danger or risk; liable to hurt or harm

From this reading They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading We may ask, Why did Ulysses pass through the narrows between these two rocks? why did he not steer on the outer side of one or the other?

driftedverbUS /ˈdrɪftəd/

past form of “drift” — be in motion due to some air or water current

From this reading They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading III THE WHIRLPOOL, THE SEA MONSTER, AND THE CATTLE OF THE SUN They had not sailed far when they heard the sea roaring, and saw a great wave, over which hung a thick shining cloud of spray.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading Between them the sea water leaped in high columns of white foam, and the rocks themselves rushed together, grinding and clashing, while fire flew out of the crevices and crests as from a volcano.

flewverbUS /fluː/

inflected form of “fly” — travel through the air; be airborne

From this reading Between them the sea water leaped in high columns of white foam, and the rocks themselves rushed together, grinding and clashing, while fire flew out of the crevices and crests as from a volcano.

foamnounUS /foʊm/

a mass of small bubbles formed in or on a liquid

From this reading Between them the sea water leaped in high columns of white foam, and the rocks themselves rushed together, grinding and clashing, while fire flew out of the crevices and crests as from a volcano.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Between them the sea water leaped in high columns of white foam, and the rocks themselves rushed together, grinding and clashing, while fire flew out of the crevices and crests as from a volcano.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading III THE WHIRLPOOL, THE SEA MONSTER, AND THE CATTLE OF THE SUN They had not sailed far when they heard the sea roaring, and saw a great wave, over which hung a thick shining cloud of spray.

grindingnounUS /ˈɡraɪndɪŋ/

material resulting from the process of grinding

From this reading Between them the sea water leaped in high columns of white foam, and the rocks themselves rushed together, grinding and clashing, while fire flew out of the crevices and crests as from a volcano.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading III THE WHIRLPOOL, THE SEA MONSTER, AND THE CATTLE OF THE SUN They had not sailed far when they heard the sea roaring, and saw a great wave, over which hung a thick shining cloud of spray.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The reason seems to have been that, on the outer side of these cliffs, were the tall reefs which men called the Rocks Wandering.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading We may ask, Why did Ulysses pass through the narrows between these two rocks? why did he not steer on the outer side of one or the other?

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading III THE WHIRLPOOL, THE SEA MONSTER, AND THE CATTLE OF THE SUN They had not sailed far when they heard the sea roaring, and saw a great wave, over which hung a thick shining cloud of spray.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.

hungverbUS /hʌŋ/

inflected form of “hang” — be suspended or hanging

From this reading III THE WHIRLPOOL, THE SEA MONSTER, AND THE CATTLE OF THE SUN They had not sailed far when they heard the sea roaring, and saw a great wave, over which hung a thick shining cloud of spray.

IIInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading III THE WHIRLPOOL, THE SEA MONSTER, AND THE CATTLE OF THE SUN They had not sailed far when they heard the sea roaring, and saw a great wave, over which hung a thick shining cloud of spray.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.

leapedverbUS /lept/

past form of “leap” — move forward by leaps and bounds

From this reading Between them the sea water leaped in high columns of white foam, and the rocks themselves rushed together, grinding and clashing, while fire flew out of the crevices and crests as from a volcano.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.

liveverbUS /laɪv/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading We may ask, Why did Ulysses pass through the narrows between these two rocks? why did he not steer on the outer side of one or the other?

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The reason seems to have been that, on the outer side of these cliffs, were the tall reefs which men called the Rocks Wandering.

MONSTERnounUS /ˈmɑːnstər/

an imaginary creature usually having various human and animal parts

From this reading III THE WHIRLPOOL, THE SEA MONSTER, AND THE CATTLE OF THE SUN They had not sailed far when they heard the sea roaring, and saw a great wave, over which hung a thick shining cloud of spray.

narrowedadjectiveUS /ˈneroʊd/

reduced in size as by squeezing together

From this reading They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.

narrowsnounUS /ˈneroʊz/

plural of “narrow” — a narrow strait connecting two bodies of water

From this reading We may ask, Why did Ulysses pass through the narrows between these two rocks? why did he not steer on the outer side of one or the other?

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading III THE WHIRLPOOL, THE SEA MONSTER, AND THE CATTLE OF THE SUN They had not sailed far when they heard the sea roaring, and saw a great wave, over which hung a thick shining cloud of spray.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading III THE WHIRLPOOL, THE SEA MONSTER, AND THE CATTLE OF THE SUN They had not sailed far when they heard the sea roaring, and saw a great wave, over which hung a thick shining cloud of spray.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading We may ask, Why did Ulysses pass through the narrows between these two rocks? why did he not steer on the outer side of one or the other?

oppositeadjectiveUS /ˈɑːpəzət/

being directly across from each other; facing

From this reading They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading We may ask, Why did Ulysses pass through the narrows between these two rocks? why did he not steer on the outer side of one or the other?

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading We may ask, Why did Ulysses pass through the narrows between these two rocks? why did he not steer on the outer side of one or the other?

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Between them the sea water leaped in high columns of white foam, and the rocks themselves rushed together, grinding and clashing, while fire flew out of the crevices and crests as from a volcano.

outeradjectiveUS /ˈaʊtər/

being on the outside or further from a center

From this reading We may ask, Why did Ulysses pass through the narrows between these two rocks? why did he not steer on the outer side of one or the other?

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading III THE WHIRLPOOL, THE SEA MONSTER, AND THE CATTLE OF THE SUN They had not sailed far when they heard the sea roaring, and saw a great wave, over which hung a thick shining cloud of spray.

passverbUS /pæs/

go across or through

From this reading We may ask, Why did Ulysses pass through the narrows between these two rocks? why did he not steer on the outer side of one or the other?

perilnounUS /ˈperəl/

a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune

From this reading They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading The reason seems to have been that, on the outer side of these cliffs, were the tall reefs which men called the Rocks Wandering.

reefsnounUS /riːfs/

plural of “reef” — a submerged ridge of rock or coral near the surface of the water

From this reading The reason seems to have been that, on the outer side of these cliffs, were the tall reefs which men called the Rocks Wandering.

roaringnounUS /ˈrɔːrɪŋ/

a deep prolonged loud noise

From this reading III THE WHIRLPOOL, THE SEA MONSTER, AND THE CATTLE OF THE SUN They had not sailed far when they heard the sea roaring, and saw a great wave, over which hung a thick shining cloud of spray.

rocknounUS /rɑːk/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.

rocksnounUS /rɑːks/

plural of “rock” — a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.

rushedadjectiveUS /rʌʃt/

done under pressure

From this reading Between them the sea water leaped in high columns of white foam, and the rocks themselves rushed together, grinding and clashing, while fire flew out of the crevices and crests as from a volcano.

sailedverbUS /seɪld/

past form of “sail” — traverse or travel on (a body of water)

From this reading III THE WHIRLPOOL, THE SEA MONSTER, AND THE CATTLE OF THE SUN They had not sailed far when they heard the sea roaring, and saw a great wave, over which hung a thick shining cloud of spray.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading III THE WHIRLPOOL, THE SEA MONSTER, AND THE CATTLE OF THE SUN They had not sailed far when they heard the sea roaring, and saw a great wave, over which hung a thick shining cloud of spray.

SEAnounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading III THE WHIRLPOOL, THE SEA MONSTER, AND THE CATTLE OF THE SUN They had not sailed far when they heard the sea roaring, and saw a great wave, over which hung a thick shining cloud of spray.

seemsverbUS /siːmz/

third-person singular of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The reason seems to have been that, on the outer side of these cliffs, were the tall reefs which men called the Rocks Wandering.

shiningadjectiveUS /ˈʃaɪnɪŋ/

marked by exceptional merit

From this reading III THE WHIRLPOOL, THE SEA MONSTER, AND THE CATTLE OF THE SUN They had not sailed far when they heard the sea roaring, and saw a great wave, over which hung a thick shining cloud of spray.

shipverbUS /ʃɪp/

transport commercially

From this reading They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.

showedverbUS /ʃoʊd/

past form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading We may ask, Why did Ulysses pass through the narrows between these two rocks? why did he not steer on the outer side of one or the other?

spraynounUS /spreɪ/

a pesticide in suspension or solution; intended for spraying

From this reading III THE WHIRLPOOL, THE SEA MONSTER, AND THE CATTLE OF THE SUN They had not sailed far when they heard the sea roaring, and saw a great wave, over which hung a thick shining cloud of spray.

steerverbUS /stɪr/

direct the course; determine the direction of travelling

From this reading We may ask, Why did Ulysses pass through the narrows between these two rocks? why did he not steer on the outer side of one or the other?

SUNnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading III THE WHIRLPOOL, THE SEA MONSTER, AND THE CATTLE OF THE SUN They had not sailed far when they heard the sea roaring, and saw a great wave, over which hung a thick shining cloud of spray.

talladjectiveUS /tɔːl/

great in vertical dimension; high in stature

From this reading The reason seems to have been that, on the outer side of these cliffs, were the tall reefs which men called the Rocks Wandering.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading III THE WHIRLPOOL, THE SEA MONSTER, AND THE CATTLE OF THE SUN They had not sailed far when they heard the sea roaring, and saw a great wave, over which hung a thick shining cloud of spray.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Between them the sea water leaped in high columns of white foam, and the rocks themselves rushed together, grinding and clashing, while fire flew out of the crevices and crests as from a volcano.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Between them the sea water leaped in high columns of white foam, and the rocks themselves rushed together, grinding and clashing, while fire flew out of the crevices and crests as from a volcano.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading We may ask, Why did Ulysses pass through the narrows between these two rocks? why did he not steer on the outer side of one or the other?

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading III THE WHIRLPOOL, THE SEA MONSTER, AND THE CATTLE OF THE SUN They had not sailed far when they heard the sea roaring, and saw a great wave, over which hung a thick shining cloud of spray.

thickadjectiveUS /θɪk/

not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions

From this reading III THE WHIRLPOOL, THE SEA MONSTER, AND THE CATTLE OF THE SUN They had not sailed far when they heard the sea roaring, and saw a great wave, over which hung a thick shining cloud of spray.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading We may ask, Why did Ulysses pass through the narrows between these two rocks? why did he not steer on the outer side of one or the other?

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading Between them the sea water leaped in high columns of white foam, and the rocks themselves rushed together, grinding and clashing, while fire flew out of the crevices and crests as from a volcano.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.

UlyssesnounUS /juːˈlɪsiz/

(Roman mythology) Roman spelling for Odysseus

From this reading They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.

volcanonounUS /vɑːlˈkeɪnoʊ/

a fissure in the earth's crust (or in the surface of some other planet) through which molten lava and gases erupt

From this reading Between them the sea water leaped in high columns of white foam, and the rocks themselves rushed together, grinding and clashing, while fire flew out of the crevices and crests as from a volcano.

WanderingadjectiveUS /ˈwɑːndərɪŋ/

migratory

From this reading The reason seems to have been that, on the outer side of these cliffs, were the tall reefs which men called the Rocks Wandering.

warnedverbUS /wɔːrnd/

past form of “warn” — notify of danger, potential harm, or risk

From this reading They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading Between them the sea water leaped in high columns of white foam, and the rocks themselves rushed together, grinding and clashing, while fire flew out of the crevices and crests as from a volcano.

wavenounUS /weɪv/

one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially across a large body of water)

From this reading III THE WHIRLPOOL, THE SEA MONSTER, AND THE CATTLE OF THE SUN They had not sailed far when they heard the sea roaring, and saw a great wave, over which hung a thick shining cloud of spray.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We may ask, Why did Ulysses pass through the narrows between these two rocks? why did he not steer on the outer side of one or the other?

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The reason seems to have been that, on the outer side of these cliffs, were the tall reefs which men called the Rocks Wandering.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading III THE WHIRLPOOL, THE SEA MONSTER, AND THE CATTLE OF THE SUN They had not sailed far when they heard the sea roaring, and saw a great wave, over which hung a thick shining cloud of spray.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading They had drifted to a place where the sea narrowed between two high black rocks: under the rock on the left was a boiling whirlpool in which no ship could live; the opposite rock showed nothing dangerous, but Ulysses had been warned by Circe that here too lay great peril.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading III THE WHIRLPOOL, THE SEA MONSTER, AND THE CATTLE OF THE SUN They had not sailed far when they heard the sea roaring, and saw a great wave, over which hung a thick shining cloud of spray.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Between them the sea water leaped in high columns of white foam, and the rocks themselves rushed together, grinding and clashing, while fire flew out of the crevices and crests as from a volcano.

WHIRLPOOLnounUS /ˈwɜːrlpuːl/

a powerful circular current of water (usually the result of conflicting tides)

From this reading III THE WHIRLPOOL, THE SEA MONSTER, AND THE CATTLE OF THE SUN They had not sailed far when they heard the sea roaring, and saw a great wave, over which hung a thick shining cloud of spray.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading Between them the sea water leaped in high columns of white foam, and the rocks themselves rushed together, grinding and clashing, while fire flew out of the crevices and crests as from a volcano.

WhynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading We may ask, Why did Ulysses pass through the narrows between these two rocks? why did he not steer on the outer side of one or the other?

Chapter 4 of Tales of Troy and Greece by Andrew Lang holds 414 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Tales of Troy and Greece contain?

Chapter 4 holds 414 sentences of Tales of Troy and Greece, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Tales of Troy and Greece by Andrew Lang exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 414 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Tales of Troy and Greece?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Tales of Troy and Greece

Common questions about reading Tales of Troy and Greece by Andrew Lang on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Tales of Troy and Greece?

Yes. All 3301 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #32326 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Tales of Troy and Greece is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #32326, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Tales of Troy and Greece take to read?

About 275 minutes of reading across 661 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Tales of Troy and Greece

Words and structures a reader meets early in Tales of Troy and Greece, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Dover
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tales of Troy and Greece; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Publications
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tales of Troy and Greece; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mineola
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tales of Troy and Greece; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Edition
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tales of Troy and Greece; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.