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Tama
Tama

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Tama is here in full — 434 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Tama
Context Illustration Reading 1/86 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
See https://
FUKUI was in an unwonted state of excitement.
For days the people had talked of but one event.
Even the small boys, perilously astraddle the bamboo poles, the scullery wenches of the kitchen, the very mendicants of the street, the highest and lowest of the citizens of Fukui talked of the coming of the O-Tojin-san (Honorable Mr. Foreigner).
For at last the exalted Daimio of the province had acceded to the pleadings and eager demands of the students of the university, and, at great expense and trouble, a foreign professor had been imported.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Tama

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Tama is here in full — 434 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/86 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
See https://
Line 2
FUKUI was in an unwonted state of excitement.
Line 3
For days the people had talked of but one event.
/fɔːr deɪz ðə ˈpiːpəl hæd tɔːkt ʌv bʌt wʌn ɪˈvent/
Line 4
Even the small boys, perilously astraddle the bamboo poles, the scullery wenches of the kitchen, the very mendicants of the street, the highest and lowest of the citizens of Fukui talked of the coming of the O-Tojin-san (Honorable Mr. Foreigner).
Line 5
For at last the exalted Daimio of the province had acceded to the pleadings and eager demands of the students of the university, and, at great expense and trouble, a foreign professor had been imported.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

acceded verb US /ækˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “accede” — yield to another's wish or opinion

From this reading “For at last the exalted Daimio of the province had acceded to the pleadings and eager demands of the students of the university, and, at great expense and trouble, a foreign professor had been imported.”

astraddle adverb US /əˈstrædəl/

with one leg on each side

From this reading “Even the small boys, perilously astraddle the bamboo poles, the scullery wenches of the kitchen, the very mendicants of the street, the highest and lowest of the citizens of Fukui talked of the coming of the O-Tojin-san (Honorable Mr. Foreigner).”

bamboo noun US /bæmˈbuː/

the hard woody stems of bamboo plants; used in construction and crafts and fishing poles

From this reading “Even the small boys, perilously astraddle the bamboo poles, the scullery wenches of the kitchen, the very mendicants of the street, the highest and lowest of the citizens of Fukui talked of the coming of the O-Tojin-san (Honorable Mr. Foreigner).”

Foreigner noun US /ˈfɔːrənər/

a person who comes from a foreign country; someone who does not owe allegiance to your country

From this reading “Even the small boys, perilously astraddle the bamboo poles, the scullery wenches of the kitchen, the very mendicants of the street, the highest and lowest of the citizens of Fukui talked of the coming of the O-Tojin-san (Honorable Mr. Foreigner).”

imported adjective US /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtɪd/

used of especially merchandise brought from a foreign source

From this reading “For at last the exalted Daimio of the province had acceded to the pleadings and eager demands of the students of the university, and, at great expense and trouble, a foreign professor had been imported.”

perilously adverb US /ˈperələsli/

in a dangerous manner

From this reading “Even the small boys, perilously astraddle the bamboo poles, the scullery wenches of the kitchen, the very mendicants of the street, the highest and lowest of the citizens of Fukui talked of the coming of the O-Tojin-san (Honorable Mr. Foreigner).”

pleadings noun US /ˈpliːdɪŋz/

plural of “pleading” — (law) a statement in legal and logical form stating something on behalf of a party to a legal proceeding

From this reading “For at last the exalted Daimio of the province had acceded to the pleadings and eager demands of the students of the university, and, at great expense and trouble, a foreign professor had been imported.”

wenches noun US /ˈwentʃɪz/

plural of “wench” — informal terms for a (young) woman

From this reading “Even the small boys, perilously astraddle the bamboo poles, the scullery wenches of the kitchen, the very mendicants of the street, the highest and lowest of the citizens of Fukui talked of the coming of the O-Tojin-san (Honorable Mr. Foreigner).”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

small boys adjective + noun counted as “small boy”

In this reading “Even the small boys, perilously astraddle the bamboo poles, the scullery wenches of the kitchen, the very mendicants of the street, the highest and lowest of the citizens of Fukui talked of the coming of the O-Tojin-san (Honorable Mr. Foreigner).”

great expense adjective + noun

In this reading “For at last the exalted Daimio of the province had acceded to the pleadings and eager demands of the students of the university, and, at great expense and trouble, a foreign professor had been imported.”

All words in this reading · 61

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading For at last the exalted Daimio of the province had acceded to the pleadings and eager demands of the students of the university, and, at great expense and trouble, a foreign professor had been imported.

accededverbUS /ækˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “accede” — yield to another's wish or opinion

From this reading For at last the exalted Daimio of the province had acceded to the pleadings and eager demands of the students of the university, and, at great expense and trouble, a foreign professor had been imported.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading FUKUI was in an unwonted state of excitement.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Even the small boys, perilously astraddle the bamboo poles, the scullery wenches of the kitchen, the very mendicants of the street, the highest and lowest of the citizens of Fukui talked of the coming of the O-Tojin-san (Honorable Mr. Foreigner).

astraddleadverbUS /əˈstrædəl/

with one leg on each side

From this reading Even the small boys, perilously astraddle the bamboo poles, the scullery wenches of the kitchen, the very mendicants of the street, the highest and lowest of the citizens of Fukui talked of the coming of the O-Tojin-san (Honorable Mr. Foreigner).

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading For at last the exalted Daimio of the province had acceded to the pleadings and eager demands of the students of the university, and, at great expense and trouble, a foreign professor had been imported.

bamboonounUS /bæmˈbuː/

the hard woody stems of bamboo plants; used in construction and crafts and fishing poles

From this reading Even the small boys, perilously astraddle the bamboo poles, the scullery wenches of the kitchen, the very mendicants of the street, the highest and lowest of the citizens of Fukui talked of the coming of the O-Tojin-san (Honorable Mr. Foreigner).

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading For at last the exalted Daimio of the province had acceded to the pleadings and eager demands of the students of the university, and, at great expense and trouble, a foreign professor had been imported.

boysnounUS /bɔɪz/

plural of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading Even the small boys, perilously astraddle the bamboo poles, the scullery wenches of the kitchen, the very mendicants of the street, the highest and lowest of the citizens of Fukui talked of the coming of the O-Tojin-san (Honorable Mr. Foreigner).

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading For days the people had talked of but one event.

citizensnounUS /ˈsɪtəzənz/

plural of “citizen” — a native or naturalized member of a state or other political community

From this reading Even the small boys, perilously astraddle the bamboo poles, the scullery wenches of the kitchen, the very mendicants of the street, the highest and lowest of the citizens of Fukui talked of the coming of the O-Tojin-san (Honorable Mr. Foreigner).

comingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading Even the small boys, perilously astraddle the bamboo poles, the scullery wenches of the kitchen, the very mendicants of the street, the highest and lowest of the citizens of Fukui talked of the coming of the O-Tojin-san (Honorable Mr. Foreigner).

Daimio

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For at last the exalted Daimio of the province had acceded to the pleadings and eager demands of the students of the university, and, at great expense and trouble, a foreign professor had been imported.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading For days the people had talked of but one event.

demandsnounUS /dɪˈmændz/

plural of “demand” — an urgent or peremptory request

From this reading For at last the exalted Daimio of the province had acceded to the pleadings and eager demands of the students of the university, and, at great expense and trouble, a foreign professor had been imported.

eageradjectiveUS /ˈiːɡər/

having or showing keen interest or intense desire or impatient expectancy

From this reading For at last the exalted Daimio of the province had acceded to the pleadings and eager demands of the students of the university, and, at great expense and trouble, a foreign professor had been imported.

EvenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Even the small boys, perilously astraddle the bamboo poles, the scullery wenches of the kitchen, the very mendicants of the street, the highest and lowest of the citizens of Fukui talked of the coming of the O-Tojin-san (Honorable Mr. Foreigner).

eventnounUS /ɪˈvent/

something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading For days the people had talked of but one event.

exaltedadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzɔːltɪd/

of high moral or intellectual value; elevated in nature or style

From this reading For at last the exalted Daimio of the province had acceded to the pleadings and eager demands of the students of the university, and, at great expense and trouble, a foreign professor had been imported.

excitementnounUS /ɪkˈsaɪtmənt/

the feeling of lively and cheerful joy

From this reading FUKUI was in an unwonted state of excitement.

expensenounUS /ɪkˈspens/

amounts paid for goods and services that may be currently tax deductible (as opposed to capital expenditures)

From this reading For at last the exalted Daimio of the province had acceded to the pleadings and eager demands of the students of the university, and, at great expense and trouble, a foreign professor had been imported.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For days the people had talked of but one event.

foreignadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrən/

of concern to or concerning the affairs of other nations (other than your own)

From this reading For at last the exalted Daimio of the province had acceded to the pleadings and eager demands of the students of the university, and, at great expense and trouble, a foreign professor had been imported.

ForeignernounUS /ˈfɔːrənər/

a person who comes from a foreign country; someone who does not owe allegiance to your country

From this reading Even the small boys, perilously astraddle the bamboo poles, the scullery wenches of the kitchen, the very mendicants of the street, the highest and lowest of the citizens of Fukui talked of the coming of the O-Tojin-san (Honorable Mr. Foreigner).

FUKUI

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FUKUI was in an unwonted state of excitement.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading For at last the exalted Daimio of the province had acceded to the pleadings and eager demands of the students of the university, and, at great expense and trouble, a foreign professor had been imported.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading For days the people had talked of but one event.

highestadjectiveUS /ˈhaɪəst/

superlative of “high” — greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Even the small boys, perilously astraddle the bamboo poles, the scullery wenches of the kitchen, the very mendicants of the street, the highest and lowest of the citizens of Fukui talked of the coming of the O-Tojin-san (Honorable Mr. Foreigner).

HonorableadjectiveUS /ˈɑːnərəbəl/

not disposed to cheat or defraud; not deceptive or fraudulent

From this reading Even the small boys, perilously astraddle the bamboo poles, the scullery wenches of the kitchen, the very mendicants of the street, the highest and lowest of the citizens of Fukui talked of the coming of the O-Tojin-san (Honorable Mr. Foreigner).

https

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading See https://

importedadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtɪd/

used of especially merchandise brought from a foreign source

From this reading For at last the exalted Daimio of the province had acceded to the pleadings and eager demands of the students of the university, and, at great expense and trouble, a foreign professor had been imported.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading FUKUI was in an unwonted state of excitement.

kitchennounUS /ˈkɪtʃən/

a room equipped for preparing meals

From this reading Even the small boys, perilously astraddle the bamboo poles, the scullery wenches of the kitchen, the very mendicants of the street, the highest and lowest of the citizens of Fukui talked of the coming of the O-Tojin-san (Honorable Mr. Foreigner).

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading For at last the exalted Daimio of the province had acceded to the pleadings and eager demands of the students of the university, and, at great expense and trouble, a foreign professor had been imported.

lowestadjectiveUS /ˈloʊəst/

lowest in rank or importance

From this reading Even the small boys, perilously astraddle the bamboo poles, the scullery wenches of the kitchen, the very mendicants of the street, the highest and lowest of the citizens of Fukui talked of the coming of the O-Tojin-san (Honorable Mr. Foreigner).

mendicants

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Even the small boys, perilously astraddle the bamboo poles, the scullery wenches of the kitchen, the very mendicants of the street, the highest and lowest of the citizens of Fukui talked of the coming of the O-Tojin-san (Honorable Mr. Foreigner).

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading Even the small boys, perilously astraddle the bamboo poles, the scullery wenches of the kitchen, the very mendicants of the street, the highest and lowest of the citizens of Fukui talked of the coming of the O-Tojin-san (Honorable Mr. Foreigner).

O-Tojin-san

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Even the small boys, perilously astraddle the bamboo poles, the scullery wenches of the kitchen, the very mendicants of the street, the highest and lowest of the citizens of Fukui talked of the coming of the O-Tojin-san (Honorable Mr. Foreigner).

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading FUKUI was in an unwonted state of excitement.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading For days the people had talked of but one event.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading For days the people had talked of but one event.

perilouslyadverbUS /ˈperələsli/

in a dangerous manner

From this reading Even the small boys, perilously astraddle the bamboo poles, the scullery wenches of the kitchen, the very mendicants of the street, the highest and lowest of the citizens of Fukui talked of the coming of the O-Tojin-san (Honorable Mr. Foreigner).

pleadingsnounUS /ˈpliːdɪŋz/

plural of “pleading” — (law) a statement in legal and logical form stating something on behalf of a party to a legal proceeding

From this reading For at last the exalted Daimio of the province had acceded to the pleadings and eager demands of the students of the university, and, at great expense and trouble, a foreign professor had been imported.

polesnounUS /poʊlz/

plural of “pole” — a long (usually round) rod of wood or metal or plastic

From this reading Even the small boys, perilously astraddle the bamboo poles, the scullery wenches of the kitchen, the very mendicants of the street, the highest and lowest of the citizens of Fukui talked of the coming of the O-Tojin-san (Honorable Mr. Foreigner).

professornounUS /prəˈfesər/

someone who is a member of the faculty at a college or university

From this reading For at last the exalted Daimio of the province had acceded to the pleadings and eager demands of the students of the university, and, at great expense and trouble, a foreign professor had been imported.

provincenounUS /ˈprɑːvəns/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading For at last the exalted Daimio of the province had acceded to the pleadings and eager demands of the students of the university, and, at great expense and trouble, a foreign professor had been imported.

scullerynoun

a small room (in large old British houses) next to the kitchen; where kitchen utensils are cleaned and kept and other rough household jobs are done

From this reading Even the small boys, perilously astraddle the bamboo poles, the scullery wenches of the kitchen, the very mendicants of the street, the highest and lowest of the citizens of Fukui talked of the coming of the O-Tojin-san (Honorable Mr. Foreigner).

SeeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading See https://

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Even the small boys, perilously astraddle the bamboo poles, the scullery wenches of the kitchen, the very mendicants of the street, the highest and lowest of the citizens of Fukui talked of the coming of the O-Tojin-san (Honorable Mr. Foreigner).

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading FUKUI was in an unwonted state of excitement.

streetnounUS /striːt/

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading Even the small boys, perilously astraddle the bamboo poles, the scullery wenches of the kitchen, the very mendicants of the street, the highest and lowest of the citizens of Fukui talked of the coming of the O-Tojin-san (Honorable Mr. Foreigner).

studentsnounUS /ˈstuːdənts/

plural of “student” — a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution

From this reading For at last the exalted Daimio of the province had acceded to the pleadings and eager demands of the students of the university, and, at great expense and trouble, a foreign professor had been imported.

talkedverbUS /tɔːkt/

past form of “talk” — exchange thoughts; talk with

From this reading For days the people had talked of but one event.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading For days the people had talked of but one event.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading For at last the exalted Daimio of the province had acceded to the pleadings and eager demands of the students of the university, and, at great expense and trouble, a foreign professor had been imported.

troublenounUS /ˈtrʌbəl/

a source of difficulty

From this reading For at last the exalted Daimio of the province had acceded to the pleadings and eager demands of the students of the university, and, at great expense and trouble, a foreign professor had been imported.

universitynounUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəti/

the body of faculty and students at a university

From this reading For at last the exalted Daimio of the province had acceded to the pleadings and eager demands of the students of the university, and, at great expense and trouble, a foreign professor had been imported.

unwontedadjective

unaccustomed or unusual

From this reading FUKUI was in an unwonted state of excitement.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Even the small boys, perilously astraddle the bamboo poles, the scullery wenches of the kitchen, the very mendicants of the street, the highest and lowest of the citizens of Fukui talked of the coming of the O-Tojin-san (Honorable Mr. Foreigner).

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading FUKUI was in an unwonted state of excitement.

wenchesnounUS /ˈwentʃɪz/

plural of “wench” — informal terms for a (young) woman

From this reading Even the small boys, perilously astraddle the bamboo poles, the scullery wenches of the kitchen, the very mendicants of the street, the highest and lowest of the citizens of Fukui talked of the coming of the O-Tojin-san (Honorable Mr. Foreigner).

Chapter 1 of Tama by Onoto Watanna holds 434 sentences, grouped into 87 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Tama contain?

Chapter 1 holds 434 sentences of Tama, unabridged, divided into 87 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Tama by Onoto Watanna exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 434 sentences, grouped into 87 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Tama?

Work through the 87 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 87 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Tama

Common questions about reading Tama by Onoto Watanna on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Tama?

Yes. All 1751 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #63681 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Tama is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #63681, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Tama take to read?

About 145 minutes of reading across 351 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Tama section by section

How to work through Tama section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 4 chapters of Tama to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Tama

Words and structures a reader meets early in Tama, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Https
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tama; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fukui
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tama; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Unwonted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tama; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
State
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tama; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.