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Tama
Tama

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Tama is here in full — 436 sentences across 88 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Tama
Context Illustration Reading 1/87 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
XXII AS the laggard sun crept stealthily out of the east, a vision of extraordinary loveliness burst upon them.
There, within but the length of a single hill and field from them, the ragged peaks of the old Temple Tokiwa raised a lordly head above the sun-flecked pines.
Stripped of its wealth, but not its beauty, showing the ravages of fire and assault upon its burnished walls, deserted, falling to the decay of neglected age, it was more compellingly majestic than any of the famous structures the Tojin-san had seen.
The approach was over terraces made of countless stone steps, many of them now loose and entirely overgrown with grass and weeds.
The pagoda was of seven stories, its crimson eaves still fringed with shattered wind-bells.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Tama

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Tama is here in full — 436 sentences across 88 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/87 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
XXII AS the laggard sun crept stealthily out of the east, a vision of extraordinary loveliness burst upon them.
Line 2
There, within but the length of a single hill and field from them, the ragged peaks of the old Temple Tokiwa raised a lordly head above the sun-flecked pines.
Line 3
Stripped of its wealth, but not its beauty, showing the ravages of fire and assault upon its burnished walls, deserted, falling to the decay of neglected age, it was more compellingly majestic than any of the famous structures the Tojin-san had seen.
Line 4
The approach was over terraces made of countless stone steps, many of them now loose and entirely overgrown with grass and weeds.
/ðə əˈproʊtʃ wɑːz ˈoʊvər ˈterəsəz meɪd ʌv ˈkaʊntləs stoʊn steps ˈmeni ʌv ðem naʊ luːs ənd ɪnˈtaɪərli ˌoʊvərˈɡroʊn wɪð ɡræs ənd wiːdz/
Line 5
The pagoda was of seven stories, its crimson eaves still fringed with shattered wind-bells.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

burnished adjective US /ˈbɜːrnɪʃt/

made smooth and bright by or as if by rubbing; reflecting a sheen or glow

From this reading “Stripped of its wealth, but not its beauty, showing the ravages of fire and assault upon its burnished walls, deserted, falling to the decay of neglected age, it was more compellingly majestic than any of the famous structures the Tojin-san had seen.”

eaves noun US /iːvz/

the overhang at the lower edge of a roof

From this reading “The pagoda was of seven stories, its crimson eaves still fringed with shattered wind-bells.”

laggard noun US /ˈlæɡərd/

someone who takes more time than necessary; someone who lags behind

From this reading “XXII AS the laggard sun crept stealthily out of the east, a vision of extraordinary loveliness burst upon them.”

lordly adjective US /ˈlɔːrdliː/

of or befitting a lord

From this reading “There, within but the length of a single hill and field from them, the ragged peaks of the old Temple Tokiwa raised a lordly head above the sun-flecked pines.”

pagoda noun US /pəˈɡoʊdə/

an Asian temple; usually a pyramidal tower with an upward curving roof

From this reading “The pagoda was of seven stories, its crimson eaves still fringed with shattered wind-bells.”

ravages noun US /ˈrævɪdʒɪz/

plural of “ravage” — (usually plural) a destructive action

From this reading “Stripped of its wealth, but not its beauty, showing the ravages of fire and assault upon its burnished walls, deserted, falling to the decay of neglected age, it was more compellingly majestic than any of the famous structures the Tojin-san had seen.”

structures noun US /ˈstrʌktʃərz/

plural of “structure” — a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts

From this reading “Stripped of its wealth, but not its beauty, showing the ravages of fire and assault upon its burnished walls, deserted, falling to the decay of neglected age, it was more compellingly majestic than any of the famous structures the Tojin-san had seen.”

terraces noun US /ˈterəsəz/

plural of “terrace” — usually paved outdoor area adjoining a residence

From this reading “The approach was over terraces made of countless stone steps, many of them now loose and entirely overgrown with grass and weeds.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

crept stealthily verb + particle counted as “creep stealthily”

In this reading “XXII AS the laggard sun crept stealthily out of the east, a vision of extraordinary loveliness burst upon them.”

stone steps noun + noun

In this reading “The approach was over terraces made of countless stone steps, many of them now loose and entirely overgrown with grass and weeds.”

burst upon verb + particle

spring suddenly

In this reading “XXII AS the laggard sun crept stealthily out of the east, a vision of extraordinary loveliness burst upon them.”

All words in this reading · 90

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading XXII AS the laggard sun crept stealthily out of the east, a vision of extraordinary loveliness burst upon them.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading There, within but the length of a single hill and field from them, the ragged peaks of the old Temple Tokiwa raised a lordly head above the sun-flecked pines.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading Stripped of its wealth, but not its beauty, showing the ravages of fire and assault upon its burnished walls, deserted, falling to the decay of neglected age, it was more compellingly majestic than any of the famous structures the Tojin-san had seen.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading There, within but the length of a single hill and field from them, the ragged peaks of the old Temple Tokiwa raised a lordly head above the sun-flecked pines.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Stripped of its wealth, but not its beauty, showing the ravages of fire and assault upon its burnished walls, deserted, falling to the decay of neglected age, it was more compellingly majestic than any of the famous structures the Tojin-san had seen.

approachverbUS /əˈproʊtʃ/

move towards

From this reading The approach was over terraces made of countless stone steps, many of them now loose and entirely overgrown with grass and weeds.

ASconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading XXII AS the laggard sun crept stealthily out of the east, a vision of extraordinary loveliness burst upon them.

assaultnounUS /əˈsɔːlt/

close fighting during the culmination of a military attack

From this reading Stripped of its wealth, but not its beauty, showing the ravages of fire and assault upon its burnished walls, deserted, falling to the decay of neglected age, it was more compellingly majestic than any of the famous structures the Tojin-san had seen.

beautynounUS /ˈbjuːti/

the qualities that give pleasure to the senses

From this reading Stripped of its wealth, but not its beauty, showing the ravages of fire and assault upon its burnished walls, deserted, falling to the decay of neglected age, it was more compellingly majestic than any of the famous structures the Tojin-san had seen.

burnishedadjectiveUS /ˈbɜːrnɪʃt/

made smooth and bright by or as if by rubbing; reflecting a sheen or glow

From this reading Stripped of its wealth, but not its beauty, showing the ravages of fire and assault upon its burnished walls, deserted, falling to the decay of neglected age, it was more compellingly majestic than any of the famous structures the Tojin-san had seen.

burstverbUS /bɜːrst/

come open suddenly and violently, as if from internal pressure

From this reading XXII AS the laggard sun crept stealthily out of the east, a vision of extraordinary loveliness burst upon them.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading There, within but the length of a single hill and field from them, the ragged peaks of the old Temple Tokiwa raised a lordly head above the sun-flecked pines.

compellingly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Stripped of its wealth, but not its beauty, showing the ravages of fire and assault upon its burnished walls, deserted, falling to the decay of neglected age, it was more compellingly majestic than any of the famous structures the Tojin-san had seen.

countlessadjectiveUS /ˈkaʊntləs/

too numerous to be counted

From this reading The approach was over terraces made of countless stone steps, many of them now loose and entirely overgrown with grass and weeds.

creptverbUS /krept/

inflected form of “creep” — move slowly; in the case of people or animals with the body near the ground

From this reading XXII AS the laggard sun crept stealthily out of the east, a vision of extraordinary loveliness burst upon them.

crimsonadjectiveUS /ˈkrɪmzən/

of a color at the end of the color spectrum (next to orange); resembling the color of blood or cherries or tomatoes or rubies

From this reading The pagoda was of seven stories, its crimson eaves still fringed with shattered wind-bells.

decaynounUS /dɪˈkeɪ/

the process of gradually becoming inferior

From this reading Stripped of its wealth, but not its beauty, showing the ravages of fire and assault upon its burnished walls, deserted, falling to the decay of neglected age, it was more compellingly majestic than any of the famous structures the Tojin-san had seen.

desertedadjectiveUS /dɪˈzɜːrtɪd/

forsaken by owner or inhabitants

From this reading Stripped of its wealth, but not its beauty, showing the ravages of fire and assault upon its burnished walls, deserted, falling to the decay of neglected age, it was more compellingly majestic than any of the famous structures the Tojin-san had seen.

eastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading XXII AS the laggard sun crept stealthily out of the east, a vision of extraordinary loveliness burst upon them.

eavesnounUS /iːvz/

the overhang at the lower edge of a roof

From this reading The pagoda was of seven stories, its crimson eaves still fringed with shattered wind-bells.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading The approach was over terraces made of countless stone steps, many of them now loose and entirely overgrown with grass and weeds.

extraordinaryadjectiveUS /ˌekstrəˈɔːrdəneri/

beyond what is ordinary or usual; highly unusual or exceptional or remarkable

From this reading XXII AS the laggard sun crept stealthily out of the east, a vision of extraordinary loveliness burst upon them.

fallingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlɪŋ/

decreasing in amount or degree

From this reading Stripped of its wealth, but not its beauty, showing the ravages of fire and assault upon its burnished walls, deserted, falling to the decay of neglected age, it was more compellingly majestic than any of the famous structures the Tojin-san had seen.

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading Stripped of its wealth, but not its beauty, showing the ravages of fire and assault upon its burnished walls, deserted, falling to the decay of neglected age, it was more compellingly majestic than any of the famous structures the Tojin-san had seen.

fieldnounUS /fiːld/

a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed

From this reading There, within but the length of a single hill and field from them, the ragged peaks of the old Temple Tokiwa raised a lordly head above the sun-flecked pines.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading Stripped of its wealth, but not its beauty, showing the ravages of fire and assault upon its burnished walls, deserted, falling to the decay of neglected age, it was more compellingly majestic than any of the famous structures the Tojin-san had seen.

fringedadjective

surrounded as with a border or fringe; sometimes used in combination

From this reading The pagoda was of seven stories, its crimson eaves still fringed with shattered wind-bells.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading There, within but the length of a single hill and field from them, the ragged peaks of the old Temple Tokiwa raised a lordly head above the sun-flecked pines.

grassverbUS /ɡræs/

shoot down, of birds

From this reading The approach was over terraces made of countless stone steps, many of them now loose and entirely overgrown with grass and weeds.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Stripped of its wealth, but not its beauty, showing the ravages of fire and assault upon its burnished walls, deserted, falling to the decay of neglected age, it was more compellingly majestic than any of the famous structures the Tojin-san had seen.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading There, within but the length of a single hill and field from them, the ragged peaks of the old Temple Tokiwa raised a lordly head above the sun-flecked pines.

hillnounUS /hɪl/

a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading There, within but the length of a single hill and field from them, the ragged peaks of the old Temple Tokiwa raised a lordly head above the sun-flecked pines.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Stripped of its wealth, but not its beauty, showing the ravages of fire and assault upon its burnished walls, deserted, falling to the decay of neglected age, it was more compellingly majestic than any of the famous structures the Tojin-san had seen.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Stripped of its wealth, but not its beauty, showing the ravages of fire and assault upon its burnished walls, deserted, falling to the decay of neglected age, it was more compellingly majestic than any of the famous structures the Tojin-san had seen.

laggardnounUS /ˈlæɡərd/

someone who takes more time than necessary; someone who lags behind

From this reading XXII AS the laggard sun crept stealthily out of the east, a vision of extraordinary loveliness burst upon them.

lengthnounUS /leŋkθ/

the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading There, within but the length of a single hill and field from them, the ragged peaks of the old Temple Tokiwa raised a lordly head above the sun-flecked pines.

looseadjectiveUS /luːs/

not compact or dense in structure or arrangement

From this reading The approach was over terraces made of countless stone steps, many of them now loose and entirely overgrown with grass and weeds.

lordlyadjectiveUS /ˈlɔːrdliː/

of or befitting a lord

From this reading There, within but the length of a single hill and field from them, the ragged peaks of the old Temple Tokiwa raised a lordly head above the sun-flecked pines.

lovelinessnoun

the quality of being good looking and attractive

From this reading XXII AS the laggard sun crept stealthily out of the east, a vision of extraordinary loveliness burst upon them.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The approach was over terraces made of countless stone steps, many of them now loose and entirely overgrown with grass and weeds.

majesticadjectiveUS /məˈdʒestɪk/

majestic in manner or bearing; superior to mundane matters

From this reading Stripped of its wealth, but not its beauty, showing the ravages of fire and assault upon its burnished walls, deserted, falling to the decay of neglected age, it was more compellingly majestic than any of the famous structures the Tojin-san had seen.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The approach was over terraces made of countless stone steps, many of them now loose and entirely overgrown with grass and weeds.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Stripped of its wealth, but not its beauty, showing the ravages of fire and assault upon its burnished walls, deserted, falling to the decay of neglected age, it was more compellingly majestic than any of the famous structures the Tojin-san had seen.

neglectedadjectiveUS /nəˈɡlektəd/

disregarded

From this reading Stripped of its wealth, but not its beauty, showing the ravages of fire and assault upon its burnished walls, deserted, falling to the decay of neglected age, it was more compellingly majestic than any of the famous structures the Tojin-san had seen.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Stripped of its wealth, but not its beauty, showing the ravages of fire and assault upon its burnished walls, deserted, falling to the decay of neglected age, it was more compellingly majestic than any of the famous structures the Tojin-san had seen.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The approach was over terraces made of countless stone steps, many of them now loose and entirely overgrown with grass and weeds.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading XXII AS the laggard sun crept stealthily out of the east, a vision of extraordinary loveliness burst upon them.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading There, within but the length of a single hill and field from them, the ragged peaks of the old Temple Tokiwa raised a lordly head above the sun-flecked pines.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading XXII AS the laggard sun crept stealthily out of the east, a vision of extraordinary loveliness burst upon them.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The approach was over terraces made of countless stone steps, many of them now loose and entirely overgrown with grass and weeds.

overgrownadjectiveUS /ˌoʊvərˈɡroʊn/

covered with growing plants

From this reading The approach was over terraces made of countless stone steps, many of them now loose and entirely overgrown with grass and weeds.

pagodanounUS /pəˈɡoʊdə/

an Asian temple; usually a pyramidal tower with an upward curving roof

From this reading The pagoda was of seven stories, its crimson eaves still fringed with shattered wind-bells.

peaksnounUS /piːks/

plural of “peak” — the most extreme possible amount or value

From this reading There, within but the length of a single hill and field from them, the ragged peaks of the old Temple Tokiwa raised a lordly head above the sun-flecked pines.

pinesnounUS /paɪnz/

plural of “pine” — a coniferous tree

From this reading There, within but the length of a single hill and field from them, the ragged peaks of the old Temple Tokiwa raised a lordly head above the sun-flecked pines.

raggedadjectiveUS /ˈræɡəd/

being or dressed in clothes that are worn or torn

From this reading There, within but the length of a single hill and field from them, the ragged peaks of the old Temple Tokiwa raised a lordly head above the sun-flecked pines.

raisedadjectiveUS /reɪzd/

located or moved above the surround or above the normal position

From this reading There, within but the length of a single hill and field from them, the ragged peaks of the old Temple Tokiwa raised a lordly head above the sun-flecked pines.

ravagesnounUS /ˈrævɪdʒɪz/

plural of “ravage” — (usually plural) a destructive action

From this reading Stripped of its wealth, but not its beauty, showing the ravages of fire and assault upon its burnished walls, deserted, falling to the decay of neglected age, it was more compellingly majestic than any of the famous structures the Tojin-san had seen.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Stripped of its wealth, but not its beauty, showing the ravages of fire and assault upon its burnished walls, deserted, falling to the decay of neglected age, it was more compellingly majestic than any of the famous structures the Tojin-san had seen.

sevennounUS /ˈsevən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of six and one

From this reading The pagoda was of seven stories, its crimson eaves still fringed with shattered wind-bells.

shatteredadjectiveUS /ˈʃætərd/

ruined or disrupted

From this reading The pagoda was of seven stories, its crimson eaves still fringed with shattered wind-bells.

showingnounUS /ˈʃoʊɪŋ/

the display of a motion picture

From this reading Stripped of its wealth, but not its beauty, showing the ravages of fire and assault upon its burnished walls, deserted, falling to the decay of neglected age, it was more compellingly majestic than any of the famous structures the Tojin-san had seen.

singleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪŋɡəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading There, within but the length of a single hill and field from them, the ragged peaks of the old Temple Tokiwa raised a lordly head above the sun-flecked pines.

stealthilyadverb

in a stealthy manner

From this reading XXII AS the laggard sun crept stealthily out of the east, a vision of extraordinary loveliness burst upon them.

stepsnounUS /steps/

a flight of stairs or a flight of steps

From this reading The approach was over terraces made of countless stone steps, many of them now loose and entirely overgrown with grass and weeds.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading The pagoda was of seven stories, its crimson eaves still fringed with shattered wind-bells.

stonenounUS /stoʊn/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading The approach was over terraces made of countless stone steps, many of them now loose and entirely overgrown with grass and weeds.

storiesnounUS /ˈstɔːriz/

plural of “story” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading The pagoda was of seven stories, its crimson eaves still fringed with shattered wind-bells.

StrippedadjectiveUS /strɪpt/

having only essential or minimal features

From this reading Stripped of its wealth, but not its beauty, showing the ravages of fire and assault upon its burnished walls, deserted, falling to the decay of neglected age, it was more compellingly majestic than any of the famous structures the Tojin-san had seen.

structuresnounUS /ˈstrʌktʃərz/

plural of “structure” — a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts

From this reading Stripped of its wealth, but not its beauty, showing the ravages of fire and assault upon its burnished walls, deserted, falling to the decay of neglected age, it was more compellingly majestic than any of the famous structures the Tojin-san had seen.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading XXII AS the laggard sun crept stealthily out of the east, a vision of extraordinary loveliness burst upon them.

sun-flecked

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There, within but the length of a single hill and field from them, the ragged peaks of the old Temple Tokiwa raised a lordly head above the sun-flecked pines.

TemplenounUS /ˈtempəl/

place of worship consisting of an edifice for the worship of a deity

From this reading There, within but the length of a single hill and field from them, the ragged peaks of the old Temple Tokiwa raised a lordly head above the sun-flecked pines.

terracesnounUS /ˈterəsəz/

plural of “terrace” — usually paved outdoor area adjoining a residence

From this reading The approach was over terraces made of countless stone steps, many of them now loose and entirely overgrown with grass and weeds.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Stripped of its wealth, but not its beauty, showing the ravages of fire and assault upon its burnished walls, deserted, falling to the decay of neglected age, it was more compellingly majestic than any of the famous structures the Tojin-san had seen.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading XXII AS the laggard sun crept stealthily out of the east, a vision of extraordinary loveliness burst upon them.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading XXII AS the laggard sun crept stealthily out of the east, a vision of extraordinary loveliness burst upon them.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There, within but the length of a single hill and field from them, the ragged peaks of the old Temple Tokiwa raised a lordly head above the sun-flecked pines.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Stripped of its wealth, but not its beauty, showing the ravages of fire and assault upon its burnished walls, deserted, falling to the decay of neglected age, it was more compellingly majestic than any of the famous structures the Tojin-san had seen.

Tojin-san

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Stripped of its wealth, but not its beauty, showing the ravages of fire and assault upon its burnished walls, deserted, falling to the decay of neglected age, it was more compellingly majestic than any of the famous structures the Tojin-san had seen.

Tokiwa

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There, within but the length of a single hill and field from them, the ragged peaks of the old Temple Tokiwa raised a lordly head above the sun-flecked pines.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading XXII AS the laggard sun crept stealthily out of the east, a vision of extraordinary loveliness burst upon them.

visionnounUS /ˈvɪʒən/

a vivid mental image

From this reading XXII AS the laggard sun crept stealthily out of the east, a vision of extraordinary loveliness burst upon them.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading Stripped of its wealth, but not its beauty, showing the ravages of fire and assault upon its burnished walls, deserted, falling to the decay of neglected age, it was more compellingly majestic than any of the famous structures the Tojin-san had seen.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Stripped of its wealth, but not its beauty, showing the ravages of fire and assault upon its burnished walls, deserted, falling to the decay of neglected age, it was more compellingly majestic than any of the famous structures the Tojin-san had seen.

wealthnounUS /welθ/

the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money

From this reading Stripped of its wealth, but not its beauty, showing the ravages of fire and assault upon its burnished walls, deserted, falling to the decay of neglected age, it was more compellingly majestic than any of the famous structures the Tojin-san had seen.

weedsnounUS /wiːdz/

a black garment (dress) worn by a widow as a sign of mourning

From this reading The approach was over terraces made of countless stone steps, many of them now loose and entirely overgrown with grass and weeds.

wind-bells

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The pagoda was of seven stories, its crimson eaves still fringed with shattered wind-bells.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The approach was over terraces made of countless stone steps, many of them now loose and entirely overgrown with grass and weeds.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading There, within but the length of a single hill and field from them, the ragged peaks of the old Temple Tokiwa raised a lordly head above the sun-flecked pines.

XXIInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of twenty-one and one

From this reading XXII AS the laggard sun crept stealthily out of the east, a vision of extraordinary loveliness burst upon them.

Chapter 4 of Tama by Onoto Watanna holds 436 sentences, grouped into 88 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Tama contain?

Chapter 4 holds 436 sentences of Tama, unabridged, divided into 88 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Tama by Onoto Watanna exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 436 sentences, grouped into 88 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Tama?

Work through the 88 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 88 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Tama

Common questions about reading Tama by Onoto Watanna on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Tama?

Yes. All 1751 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #63681 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Tama is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #63681, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Tama take to read?

About 145 minutes of reading across 351 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Tama section by section

How to work through Tama section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 4 chapters of Tama to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Tama

Words and structures a reader meets early in Tama, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Https
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tama; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fukui
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tama; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Unwonted
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tama; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
State
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tama; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.