Chapter IV · Chapter 4

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The villas along the shore towards Posilippo face the sun all day in winter, for they look due south from the water's edge, and their marble steps lead down into the tideless sea, as though it were a landlocked lagoon or a Swiss lake.

a mountainous region of central Italy on the Adriatic

From this reading It is sometimes cold in Naples, high up in the city, when the northeast wind comes screaming from the snowy Abruzzi, and when Vesuvius is clad in white almost to the lower villages.

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The villas along the shore towards Posilippo face the sun all day in winter, for they look due south from the water's edge, and their marble steps lead down into the tideless sea, as though it were a landlocked lagoon or a Swiss lake.

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading It is sometimes cold in Naples, high up in the city, when the northeast wind comes screaming from the snowy Abruzzi, and when Vesuvius is clad in white almost to the lower villages.

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading The villas along the shore towards Posilippo face the sun all day in winter, for they look due south from the water's edge, and their marble steps lead down into the tideless sea, as though it were a landlocked lagoon or a Swiss lake.

surrounded by; in the company of

From this reading In winter the roses blossom amongst the laurels, and before the rose leaves are all fallen the violets peep out in the borders; the broad, fan-like palms stand unsheltered in the south wind, and the oranges and lemons are left hanging on the trees for beauty's sake.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The villas along the shore towards Posilippo face the sun all day in winter, for they look due south from the water's edge, and their marble steps lead down into the tideless sea, as though it were a landlocked lagoon or a Swiss lake.

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In winter the roses blossom amongst the laurels, and before the rose leaves are all fallen the violets peep out in the borders; the broad, fan-like palms stand unsheltered in the south wind, and the oranges and lemons are left hanging on the trees for beauty's sake.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The villas along the shore towards Posilippo face the sun all day in winter, for they look due south from the water's edge, and their marble steps lead down into the tideless sea, as though it were a landlocked lagoon or a Swiss lake.

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading There are but two changes in the year, from spring to summer, and from summer back to spring.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In winter the roses blossom amongst the laurels, and before the rose leaves are all fallen the violets peep out in the borders; the broad, fan-like palms stand unsheltered in the south wind, and the oranges and lemons are left hanging on the trees for beauty's sake.

earlier than; in front of

From this reading In winter the roses blossom amongst the laurels, and before the rose leaves are all fallen the violets peep out in the borders; the broad, fan-like palms stand unsheltered in the south wind, and the oranges and lemons are left hanging on the trees for beauty's sake.

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading In Naples it is sometimes dreary when the water-laden southwest sends up its mountains of black clouds.

produce or yield flowers

From this reading In winter the roses blossom amongst the laurels, and before the rose leaves are all fallen the violets peep out in the borders; the broad, fan-like palms stand unsheltered in the south wind, and the oranges and lemons are left hanging on the trees for beauty's sake.

plural of “border” — a line that indicates a boundary

From this reading In winter the roses blossom amongst the laurels, and before the rose leaves are all fallen the violets peep out in the borders; the broad, fan-like palms stand unsheltered in the south wind, and the oranges and lemons are left hanging on the trees for beauty's sake.

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading In winter the roses blossom amongst the laurels, and before the rose leaves are all fallen the violets peep out in the borders; the broad, fan-like palms stand unsheltered in the south wind, and the oranges and lemons are left hanging on the trees for beauty's sake.

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading There are but two changes in the year, from spring to summer, and from summer back to spring.

plural of “change” — an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another

From this reading There are but two changes in the year, from spring to summer, and from summer back to spring.

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading It is sometimes cold in Naples, high up in the city, when the northeast wind comes screaming from the snowy Abruzzi, and when Vesuvius is clad in white almost to the lower villages.

wearing or provided with clothing; sometimes used in combination

From this reading It is sometimes cold in Naples, high up in the city, when the northeast wind comes screaming from the snowy Abruzzi, and when Vesuvius is clad in white almost to the lower villages.

plural of “cloud” — any collection of particles (e.g., smoke or dust) or gases that is visible

From this reading In Naples it is sometimes dreary when the water-laden southwest sends up its mountains of black clouds.

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading It is sometimes cold in Naples, high up in the city, when the northeast wind comes screaming from the snowy Abruzzi, and when Vesuvius is clad in white almost to the lower villages.

plural of “come” — the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract

From this reading It is sometimes cold in Naples, high up in the city, when the northeast wind comes screaming from the snowy Abruzzi, and when Vesuvius is clad in white almost to the lower villages.

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The villas along the shore towards Posilippo face the sun all day in winter, for they look due south from the water's edge, and their marble steps lead down into the tideless sea, as though it were a landlocked lagoon or a Swiss lake.

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading The villas along the shore towards Posilippo face the sun all day in winter, for they look due south from the water's edge, and their marble steps lead down into the tideless sea, as though it were a landlocked lagoon or a Swiss lake.

lacking in liveliness or charm or surprise

From this reading In Naples it is sometimes dreary when the water-laden southwest sends up its mountains of black clouds.

owed and payable immediately or on demand

From this reading The villas along the shore towards Posilippo face the sun all day in winter, for they look due south from the water's edge, and their marble steps lead down into the tideless sea, as though it were a landlocked lagoon or a Swiss lake.

the boundary of a surface

From this reading The villas along the shore towards Posilippo face the sun all day in winter, for they look due south from the water's edge, and their marble steps lead down into the tideless sea, as though it were a landlocked lagoon or a Swiss lake.

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading The villas along the shore towards Posilippo face the sun all day in winter, for they look due south from the water's edge, and their marble steps lead down into the tideless sea, as though it were a landlocked lagoon or a Swiss lake.

having dropped by the force of gravity

From this reading In winter the roses blossom amongst the laurels, and before the rose leaves are all fallen the violets peep out in the borders; the broad, fan-like palms stand unsheltered in the south wind, and the oranges and lemons are left hanging on the trees for beauty's sake.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In winter the roses blossom amongst the laurels, and before the rose leaves are all fallen the violets peep out in the borders; the broad, fan-like palms stand unsheltered in the south wind, and the oranges and lemons are left hanging on the trees for beauty's sake.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The villas along the shore towards Posilippo face the sun all day in winter, for they look due south from the water's edge, and their marble steps lead down into the tideless sea, as though it were a landlocked lagoon or a Swiss lake.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The villas along the shore towards Posilippo face the sun all day in winter, for they look due south from the water's edge, and their marble steps lead down into the tideless sea, as though it were a landlocked lagoon or a Swiss lake.

decoration that is hung (as a tapestry) on a wall or over a window

From this reading In winter the roses blossom amongst the laurels, and before the rose leaves are all fallen the violets peep out in the borders; the broad, fan-like palms stand unsheltered in the south wind, and the oranges and lemons are left hanging on the trees for beauty's sake.

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading It is sometimes cold in Naples, high up in the city, when the northeast wind comes screaming from the snowy Abruzzi, and when Vesuvius is clad in white almost to the lower villages.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The villas along the shore towards Posilippo face the sun all day in winter, for they look due south from the water's edge, and their marble steps lead down into the tideless sea, as though it were a landlocked lagoon or a Swiss lake.

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The villas along the shore towards Posilippo face the sun all day in winter, for they look due south from the water's edge, and their marble steps lead down into the tideless sea, as though it were a landlocked lagoon or a Swiss lake.

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is sometimes cold in Naples, high up in the city, when the northeast wind comes screaming from the snowy Abruzzi, and when Vesuvius is clad in white almost to the lower villages.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The villas along the shore towards Posilippo face the sun all day in winter, for they look due south from the water's edge, and their marble steps lead down into the tideless sea, as though it were a landlocked lagoon or a Swiss lake.

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading In Naples it is sometimes dreary when the water-laden southwest sends up its mountains of black clouds.

a body of water cut off from a larger body by a reef of sand or coral

From this reading The villas along the shore towards Posilippo face the sun all day in winter, for they look due south from the water's edge, and their marble steps lead down into the tideless sea, as though it were a landlocked lagoon or a Swiss lake.

a body of (usually fresh) water surrounded by land

From this reading The villas along the shore towards Posilippo face the sun all day in winter, for they look due south from the water's edge, and their marble steps lead down into the tideless sea, as though it were a landlocked lagoon or a Swiss lake.

surrounded entirely or almost entirely by land

From this reading The villas along the shore towards Posilippo face the sun all day in winter, for they look due south from the water's edge, and their marble steps lead down into the tideless sea, as though it were a landlocked lagoon or a Swiss lake.

a tangible symbol signifying approval or distinction

From this reading In winter the roses blossom amongst the laurels, and before the rose leaves are all fallen the violets peep out in the borders; the broad, fan-like palms stand unsheltered in the south wind, and the oranges and lemons are left hanging on the trees for beauty's sake.

take somebody somewhere

From this reading The villas along the shore towards Posilippo face the sun all day in winter, for they look due south from the water's edge, and their marble steps lead down into the tideless sea, as though it were a landlocked lagoon or a Swiss lake.

plural of “leaf” — the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading In winter the roses blossom amongst the laurels, and before the rose leaves are all fallen the violets peep out in the borders; the broad, fan-like palms stand unsheltered in the south wind, and the oranges and lemons are left hanging on the trees for beauty's sake.

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading In winter the roses blossom amongst the laurels, and before the rose leaves are all fallen the violets peep out in the borders; the broad, fan-like palms stand unsheltered in the south wind, and the oranges and lemons are left hanging on the trees for beauty's sake.

plural of “lemon” — yellow oval fruit with juicy acidic flesh

From this reading In winter the roses blossom amongst the laurels, and before the rose leaves are all fallen the violets peep out in the borders; the broad, fan-like palms stand unsheltered in the south wind, and the oranges and lemons are left hanging on the trees for beauty's sake.

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading The villas along the shore towards Posilippo face the sun all day in winter, for they look due south from the water's edge, and their marble steps lead down into the tideless sea, as though it were a landlocked lagoon or a Swiss lake.

move something or somebody to a lower position

From this reading It is sometimes cold in Naples, high up in the city, when the northeast wind comes screaming from the snowy Abruzzi, and when Vesuvius is clad in white almost to the lower villages.

a hard crystalline metamorphic rock that takes a high polish; used for sculpture and as building material

From this reading The villas along the shore towards Posilippo face the sun all day in winter, for they look due south from the water's edge, and their marble steps lead down into the tideless sea, as though it were a landlocked lagoon or a Swiss lake.

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading In Naples it is sometimes dreary when the water-laden southwest sends up its mountains of black clouds.

a port and tourist center in southwestern Italy; capital of the Campania region

From this reading It is sometimes cold in Naples, high up in the city, when the northeast wind comes screaming from the snowy Abruzzi, and when Vesuvius is clad in white almost to the lower villages.

the compass point midway between north and east; at 45 degrees

From this reading It is sometimes cold in Naples, high up in the city, when the northeast wind comes screaming from the snowy Abruzzi, and when Vesuvius is clad in white almost to the lower villages.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In Naples it is sometimes dreary when the water-laden southwest sends up its mountains of black clouds.

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading In winter the roses blossom amongst the laurels, and before the rose leaves are all fallen the violets peep out in the borders; the broad, fan-like palms stand unsheltered in the south wind, and the oranges and lemons are left hanging on the trees for beauty's sake.

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The villas along the shore towards Posilippo face the sun all day in winter, for they look due south from the water's edge, and their marble steps lead down into the tideless sea, as though it were a landlocked lagoon or a Swiss lake.

plural of “orange” — round yellow to orange fruit of any of several citrus trees

From this reading In winter the roses blossom amongst the laurels, and before the rose leaves are all fallen the violets peep out in the borders; the broad, fan-like palms stand unsheltered in the south wind, and the oranges and lemons are left hanging on the trees for beauty's sake.

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading In winter the roses blossom amongst the laurels, and before the rose leaves are all fallen the violets peep out in the borders; the broad, fan-like palms stand unsheltered in the south wind, and the oranges and lemons are left hanging on the trees for beauty's sake.

plural of “palm” — the inner surface of the hand from the wrist to the base of the fingers

From this reading In winter the roses blossom amongst the laurels, and before the rose leaves are all fallen the violets peep out in the borders; the broad, fan-like palms stand unsheltered in the south wind, and the oranges and lemons are left hanging on the trees for beauty's sake.

look furtively

From this reading In winter the roses blossom amongst the laurels, and before the rose leaves are all fallen the violets peep out in the borders; the broad, fan-like palms stand unsheltered in the south wind, and the oranges and lemons are left hanging on the trees for beauty's sake.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The villas along the shore towards Posilippo face the sun all day in winter, for they look due south from the water's edge, and their marble steps lead down into the tideless sea, as though it were a landlocked lagoon or a Swiss lake.

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading In winter the roses blossom amongst the laurels, and before the rose leaves are all fallen the violets peep out in the borders; the broad, fan-like palms stand unsheltered in the south wind, and the oranges and lemons are left hanging on the trees for beauty's sake.

plural of “rose” — any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading In winter the roses blossom amongst the laurels, and before the rose leaves are all fallen the violets peep out in the borders; the broad, fan-like palms stand unsheltered in the south wind, and the oranges and lemons are left hanging on the trees for beauty's sake.

a reason for wanting something done

From this reading In winter the roses blossom amongst the laurels, and before the rose leaves are all fallen the violets peep out in the borders; the broad, fan-like palms stand unsheltered in the south wind, and the oranges and lemons are left hanging on the trees for beauty's sake.

so extremely intense as to evoke screams

From this reading It is sometimes cold in Naples, high up in the city, when the northeast wind comes screaming from the snowy Abruzzi, and when Vesuvius is clad in white almost to the lower villages.

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading The villas along the shore towards Posilippo face the sun all day in winter, for they look due south from the water's edge, and their marble steps lead down into the tideless sea, as though it were a landlocked lagoon or a Swiss lake.

third-person singular of “send” — cause to go somewhere

From this reading In Naples it is sometimes dreary when the water-laden southwest sends up its mountains of black clouds.

the land along the edge of a body of water

From this reading The villas along the shore towards Posilippo face the sun all day in winter, for they look due south from the water's edge, and their marble steps lead down into the tideless sea, as though it were a landlocked lagoon or a Swiss lake.

marked by the presence of snow

From this reading It is sometimes cold in Naples, high up in the city, when the northeast wind comes screaming from the snowy Abruzzi, and when Vesuvius is clad in white almost to the lower villages.

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading It is sometimes cold in Naples, high up in the city, when the northeast wind comes screaming from the snowy Abruzzi, and when Vesuvius is clad in white almost to the lower villages.

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading The villas along the shore towards Posilippo face the sun all day in winter, for they look due south from the water's edge, and their marble steps lead down into the tideless sea, as though it were a landlocked lagoon or a Swiss lake.

the compass point midway between south and west; at 225 degrees

From this reading In Naples it is sometimes dreary when the water-laden southwest sends up its mountains of black clouds.

the season of growth

From this reading There are but two changes in the year, from spring to summer, and from summer back to spring.

be standing; be upright

From this reading In winter the roses blossom amongst the laurels, and before the rose leaves are all fallen the violets peep out in the borders; the broad, fan-like palms stand unsheltered in the south wind, and the oranges and lemons are left hanging on the trees for beauty's sake.

a flight of stairs or a flight of steps

From this reading The villas along the shore towards Posilippo face the sun all day in winter, for they look due south from the water's edge, and their marble steps lead down into the tideless sea, as though it were a landlocked lagoon or a Swiss lake.

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading There are but two changes in the year, from spring to summer, and from summer back to spring.

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading The villas along the shore towards Posilippo face the sun all day in winter, for they look due south from the water's edge, and their marble steps lead down into the tideless sea, as though it were a landlocked lagoon or a Swiss lake.

the natives or inhabitants of Switzerland

From this reading The villas along the shore towards Posilippo face the sun all day in winter, for they look due south from the water's edge, and their marble steps lead down into the tideless sea, as though it were a landlocked lagoon or a Swiss lake.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The villas along the shore towards Posilippo face the sun all day in winter, for they look due south from the water's edge, and their marble steps lead down into the tideless sea, as though it were a landlocked lagoon or a Swiss lake.

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The villas along the shore towards Posilippo face the sun all day in winter, for they look due south from the water's edge, and their marble steps lead down into the tideless sea, as though it were a landlocked lagoon or a Swiss lake.

in or at that place or location

From this reading There are but two changes in the year, from spring to summer, and from summer back to spring.

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The villas along the shore towards Posilippo face the sun all day in winter, for they look due south from the water's edge, and their marble steps lead down into the tideless sea, as though it were a landlocked lagoon or a Swiss lake.

in spite of the fact that

From this reading The villas along the shore towards Posilippo face the sun all day in winter, for they look due south from the water's edge, and their marble steps lead down into the tideless sea, as though it were a landlocked lagoon or a Swiss lake.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The villas along the shore towards Posilippo face the sun all day in winter, for they look due south from the water's edge, and their marble steps lead down into the tideless sea, as though it were a landlocked lagoon or a Swiss lake.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading There are but two changes in the year, from spring to summer, and from summer back to spring.

in the direction of

From this reading The villas along the shore towards Posilippo face the sun all day in winter, for they look due south from the water's edge, and their marble steps lead down into the tideless sea, as though it were a landlocked lagoon or a Swiss lake.

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading In winter the roses blossom amongst the laurels, and before the rose leaves are all fallen the violets peep out in the borders; the broad, fan-like palms stand unsheltered in the south wind, and the oranges and lemons are left hanging on the trees for beauty's sake.

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading There are but two changes in the year, from spring to summer, and from summer back to spring.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In winter the roses blossom amongst the laurels, and before the rose leaves are all fallen the violets peep out in the borders; the broad, fan-like palms stand unsheltered in the south wind, and the oranges and lemons are left hanging on the trees for beauty's sake.

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading It is sometimes cold in Naples, high up in the city, when the northeast wind comes screaming from the snowy Abruzzi, and when Vesuvius is clad in white almost to the lower villages.

a volcano in southwestern Italy on the Mediterranean coast; a Plinian eruption in 79 AD buried Pompeii and killed Pliny the Elder; last erupted in 1944

From this reading It is sometimes cold in Naples, high up in the city, when the northeast wind comes screaming from the snowy Abruzzi, and when Vesuvius is clad in white almost to the lower villages.

plural of “village” — a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading It is sometimes cold in Naples, high up in the city, when the northeast wind comes screaming from the snowy Abruzzi, and when Vesuvius is clad in white almost to the lower villages.

plural of “villa” — Mexican revolutionary leader (1877-1923)

From this reading The villas along the shore towards Posilippo face the sun all day in winter, for they look due south from the water's edge, and their marble steps lead down into the tideless sea, as though it were a landlocked lagoon or a Swiss lake.

plural of “violet” — any of numerous low-growing violas with small flowers

From this reading In winter the roses blossom amongst the laurels, and before the rose leaves are all fallen the violets peep out in the borders; the broad, fan-like palms stand unsheltered in the south wind, and the oranges and lemons are left hanging on the trees for beauty's sake.

possessive form of “water” — binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading The villas along the shore towards Posilippo face the sun all day in winter, for they look due south from the water's edge, and their marble steps lead down into the tideless sea, as though it were a landlocked lagoon or a Swiss lake.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In Naples it is sometimes dreary when the water-laden southwest sends up its mountains of black clouds.

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The villas along the shore towards Posilippo face the sun all day in winter, for they look due south from the water's edge, and their marble steps lead down into the tideless sea, as though it were a landlocked lagoon or a Swiss lake.

at the time that

From this reading It is sometimes cold in Naples, high up in the city, when the northeast wind comes screaming from the snowy Abruzzi, and when Vesuvius is clad in white almost to the lower villages.

a Caucasian

From this reading It is sometimes cold in Naples, high up in the city, when the northeast wind comes screaming from the snowy Abruzzi, and when Vesuvius is clad in white almost to the lower villages.

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading In winter the roses blossom amongst the laurels, and before the rose leaves are all fallen the violets peep out in the borders; the broad, fan-like palms stand unsheltered in the south wind, and the oranges and lemons are left hanging on the trees for beauty's sake.

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading The villas along the shore towards Posilippo face the sun all day in winter, for they look due south from the water's edge, and their marble steps lead down into the tideless sea, as though it were a landlocked lagoon or a Swiss lake.

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading There are but two changes in the year, from spring to summer, and from summer back to spring.