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Taras Bulba, and Other Tales
Taras Bulba, and Other Tales

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Taras Bulba, and Other Tales is here in full — 629 sentences across 126 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Taras Bulba, and Other Tales
Context Illustration Reading 1/125 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Nowhere did so many people pause as before the little picture-shop in the Shtchukinui Dvor.
This little shop contained, indeed, the most varied collection of curiosities.
The pictures were chiefly oil-paintings covered with dark varnish, in frames of dingy yellow.
Winter scenes with white trees; very red sunsets, like raging conflagrations, a Flemish boor, more like a turkey-cock in cuffs than a human being, were the prevailing subjects.
To these must be added a few engravings, such as a portrait of Khozreff-Mirza in a sheepskin cap, and some generals with three-cornered hats and hooked noses.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Taras Bulba, and Other Tales

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of Taras Bulba, and Other Tales is here in full — 629 sentences across 126 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/125 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Nowhere did so many people pause as before the little picture-shop in the Shtchukinui Dvor.
Line 2
This little shop contained, indeed, the most varied collection of curiosities.
/ðɪs ˈlɪtəl ʃɑːp kənˈteɪnd ˌɪnˈdiːd ðə moʊst ˈverid kəˈlekʃən ʌv ˌkjʊriˈɑːsətiz/
Line 3
The pictures were chiefly oil-paintings covered with dark varnish, in frames of dingy yellow.
Line 4
Winter scenes with white trees; very red sunsets, like raging conflagrations, a Flemish boor, more like a turkey-cock in cuffs than a human being, were the prevailing subjects.
Line 5
To these must be added a few engravings, such as a portrait of Khozreff-Mirza in a sheepskin cap, and some generals with three-cornered hats and hooked noses.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

boor noun US /bʊr/

a crude uncouth ill-bred person lacking culture or refinement

From this reading “Winter scenes with white trees; very red sunsets, like raging conflagrations, a Flemish boor, more like a turkey-cock in cuffs than a human being, were the prevailing subjects.”

cuffs noun US /kʌfs/

plural of “cuff” — the lap consisting of a turned-back hem encircling the end of the sleeve or leg

From this reading “Winter scenes with white trees; very red sunsets, like raging conflagrations, a Flemish boor, more like a turkey-cock in cuffs than a human being, were the prevailing subjects.”

curiosities noun US /ˌkjʊriˈɑːsətiz/

plural of “curiosity” — a state in which you want to learn more about something

From this reading “This little shop contained, indeed, the most varied collection of curiosities.”

engravings noun US /ɪnˈɡreɪvɪŋz/

plural of “engraving” — a print made from an engraving

From this reading “To these must be added a few engravings, such as a portrait of Khozreff-Mirza in a sheepskin cap, and some generals with three-cornered hats and hooked noses.”

Flemish noun US /ˈflemɪʃ/

an ethnic group speaking Flemish and living in northern and western Belgium

From this reading “Winter scenes with white trees; very red sunsets, like raging conflagrations, a Flemish boor, more like a turkey-cock in cuffs than a human being, were the prevailing subjects.”

sheepskin noun US /ˈʃiːpskɪn/

tanned skin of a sheep with the fleece left on; used for clothing

From this reading “To these must be added a few engravings, such as a portrait of Khozreff-Mirza in a sheepskin cap, and some generals with three-cornered hats and hooked noses.”

sunsets noun US /ˈsʌnsets/

plural of “sunset” — the time in the evening at which the sun begins to fall below the horizon

From this reading “Winter scenes with white trees; very red sunsets, like raging conflagrations, a Flemish boor, more like a turkey-cock in cuffs than a human being, were the prevailing subjects.”

varnish noun US /ˈvɑːrnɪʃ/

a coating that provides a hard, lustrous, transparent finish to a surface

From this reading “The pictures were chiefly oil-paintings covered with dark varnish, in frames of dingy yellow.”

All words in this reading · 74

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Winter scenes with white trees; very red sunsets, like raging conflagrations, a Flemish boor, more like a turkey-cock in cuffs than a human being, were the prevailing subjects.

addedverbUS /ˈædəd/

past form of “add” — make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading To these must be added a few engravings, such as a portrait of Khozreff-Mirza in a sheepskin cap, and some generals with three-cornered hats and hooked noses.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading To these must be added a few engravings, such as a portrait of Khozreff-Mirza in a sheepskin cap, and some generals with three-cornered hats and hooked noses.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Nowhere did so many people pause as before the little picture-shop in the Shtchukinui Dvor.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading To these must be added a few engravings, such as a portrait of Khozreff-Mirza in a sheepskin cap, and some generals with three-cornered hats and hooked noses.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Nowhere did so many people pause as before the little picture-shop in the Shtchukinui Dvor.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Winter scenes with white trees; very red sunsets, like raging conflagrations, a Flemish boor, more like a turkey-cock in cuffs than a human being, were the prevailing subjects.

boornounUS /bʊr/

a crude uncouth ill-bred person lacking culture or refinement

From this reading Winter scenes with white trees; very red sunsets, like raging conflagrations, a Flemish boor, more like a turkey-cock in cuffs than a human being, were the prevailing subjects.

capnounUS /kæp/

a tight-fitting headdress

From this reading To these must be added a few engravings, such as a portrait of Khozreff-Mirza in a sheepskin cap, and some generals with three-cornered hats and hooked noses.

chieflyadverbUS /ˈtʃiːfli/

for the most part

From this reading The pictures were chiefly oil-paintings covered with dark varnish, in frames of dingy yellow.

collectionnounUS /kəˈlekʃən/

several things grouped together or considered as a whole

From this reading This little shop contained, indeed, the most varied collection of curiosities.

conflagrations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Winter scenes with white trees; very red sunsets, like raging conflagrations, a Flemish boor, more like a turkey-cock in cuffs than a human being, were the prevailing subjects.

containedadjectiveUS /kənˈteɪnd/

gotten under control

From this reading This little shop contained, indeed, the most varied collection of curiosities.

coveredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌvərd/

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading The pictures were chiefly oil-paintings covered with dark varnish, in frames of dingy yellow.

cuffsnounUS /kʌfs/

plural of “cuff” — the lap consisting of a turned-back hem encircling the end of the sleeve or leg

From this reading Winter scenes with white trees; very red sunsets, like raging conflagrations, a Flemish boor, more like a turkey-cock in cuffs than a human being, were the prevailing subjects.

curiositiesnounUS /ˌkjʊriˈɑːsətiz/

plural of “curiosity” — a state in which you want to learn more about something

From this reading This little shop contained, indeed, the most varied collection of curiosities.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading The pictures were chiefly oil-paintings covered with dark varnish, in frames of dingy yellow.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Nowhere did so many people pause as before the little picture-shop in the Shtchukinui Dvor.

dingyadjectiveUS /ˈdɪndʒi/

thickly covered with ingrained dirt or soot

From this reading The pictures were chiefly oil-paintings covered with dark varnish, in frames of dingy yellow.

Dvor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nowhere did so many people pause as before the little picture-shop in the Shtchukinui Dvor.

engravingsnounUS /ɪnˈɡreɪvɪŋz/

plural of “engraving” — a print made from an engraving

From this reading To these must be added a few engravings, such as a portrait of Khozreff-Mirza in a sheepskin cap, and some generals with three-cornered hats and hooked noses.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading To these must be added a few engravings, such as a portrait of Khozreff-Mirza in a sheepskin cap, and some generals with three-cornered hats and hooked noses.

FlemishnounUS /ˈflemɪʃ/

an ethnic group speaking Flemish and living in northern and western Belgium

From this reading Winter scenes with white trees; very red sunsets, like raging conflagrations, a Flemish boor, more like a turkey-cock in cuffs than a human being, were the prevailing subjects.

framesnounUS /freɪmz/

plural of “frame” — the framework for a pair of eyeglasses

From this reading The pictures were chiefly oil-paintings covered with dark varnish, in frames of dingy yellow.

generalsnounUS /ˈdʒenərəlz/

plural of “general” — a general officer of the highest rank

From this reading To these must be added a few engravings, such as a portrait of Khozreff-Mirza in a sheepskin cap, and some generals with three-cornered hats and hooked noses.

hatsnounUS /hæts/

plural of “hat” — headdress that protects the head from bad weather; has shaped crown and usually a brim

From this reading To these must be added a few engravings, such as a portrait of Khozreff-Mirza in a sheepskin cap, and some generals with three-cornered hats and hooked noses.

hookedadjectiveUS /hʊkt/

curved down like an eagle's beak

From this reading To these must be added a few engravings, such as a portrait of Khozreff-Mirza in a sheepskin cap, and some generals with three-cornered hats and hooked noses.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading Winter scenes with white trees; very red sunsets, like raging conflagrations, a Flemish boor, more like a turkey-cock in cuffs than a human being, were the prevailing subjects.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Nowhere did so many people pause as before the little picture-shop in the Shtchukinui Dvor.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading This little shop contained, indeed, the most varied collection of curiosities.

Khozreff-Mirza

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To these must be added a few engravings, such as a portrait of Khozreff-Mirza in a sheepskin cap, and some generals with three-cornered hats and hooked noses.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Winter scenes with white trees; very red sunsets, like raging conflagrations, a Flemish boor, more like a turkey-cock in cuffs than a human being, were the prevailing subjects.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Nowhere did so many people pause as before the little picture-shop in the Shtchukinui Dvor.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Nowhere did so many people pause as before the little picture-shop in the Shtchukinui Dvor.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Winter scenes with white trees; very red sunsets, like raging conflagrations, a Flemish boor, more like a turkey-cock in cuffs than a human being, were the prevailing subjects.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading This little shop contained, indeed, the most varied collection of curiosities.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading To these must be added a few engravings, such as a portrait of Khozreff-Mirza in a sheepskin cap, and some generals with three-cornered hats and hooked noses.

nosesnounUS /ˈnoʊzɪz/

plural of “nose” — the organ of smell and entrance to the respiratory tract; the prominent part of the face of man or other mammals

From this reading To these must be added a few engravings, such as a portrait of Khozreff-Mirza in a sheepskin cap, and some generals with three-cornered hats and hooked noses.

NowherenounUS /ˈnoʊwer/

an insignificant place

From this reading Nowhere did so many people pause as before the little picture-shop in the Shtchukinui Dvor.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading This little shop contained, indeed, the most varied collection of curiosities.

oil-paintings

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The pictures were chiefly oil-paintings covered with dark varnish, in frames of dingy yellow.

pausenounUS /pɔːz/

a time interval during which there is a temporary cessation of something

From this reading Nowhere did so many people pause as before the little picture-shop in the Shtchukinui Dvor.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading Nowhere did so many people pause as before the little picture-shop in the Shtchukinui Dvor.

picture-shop

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nowhere did so many people pause as before the little picture-shop in the Shtchukinui Dvor.

picturesnounUS /ˈpɪktʃərz/

plural of “picture” — a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface

From this reading The pictures were chiefly oil-paintings covered with dark varnish, in frames of dingy yellow.

portraitnounUS /ˈpɔːrtrət/

a word picture of a person's appearance and character

From this reading To these must be added a few engravings, such as a portrait of Khozreff-Mirza in a sheepskin cap, and some generals with three-cornered hats and hooked noses.

prevailingadjectiveUS /prɪˈveɪlɪŋ/

most frequent or common

From this reading Winter scenes with white trees; very red sunsets, like raging conflagrations, a Flemish boor, more like a turkey-cock in cuffs than a human being, were the prevailing subjects.

ragingadjectiveUS /ˈreɪdʒɪŋ/

characterized by violent and forceful activity or movement; very intense

From this reading Winter scenes with white trees; very red sunsets, like raging conflagrations, a Flemish boor, more like a turkey-cock in cuffs than a human being, were the prevailing subjects.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading Winter scenes with white trees; very red sunsets, like raging conflagrations, a Flemish boor, more like a turkey-cock in cuffs than a human being, were the prevailing subjects.

scenesnounUS /siːnz/

plural of “scene” — the place where some action occurs

From this reading Winter scenes with white trees; very red sunsets, like raging conflagrations, a Flemish boor, more like a turkey-cock in cuffs than a human being, were the prevailing subjects.

sheepskinnounUS /ˈʃiːpskɪn/

tanned skin of a sheep with the fleece left on; used for clothing

From this reading To these must be added a few engravings, such as a portrait of Khozreff-Mirza in a sheepskin cap, and some generals with three-cornered hats and hooked noses.

shopverbUS /ʃɑːp/

do one's shopping

From this reading This little shop contained, indeed, the most varied collection of curiosities.

Shtchukinui

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nowhere did so many people pause as before the little picture-shop in the Shtchukinui Dvor.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Nowhere did so many people pause as before the little picture-shop in the Shtchukinui Dvor.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading To these must be added a few engravings, such as a portrait of Khozreff-Mirza in a sheepskin cap, and some generals with three-cornered hats and hooked noses.

subjectsnounUS /ˈsʌbdʒɪkts/

plural of “subject” — the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading Winter scenes with white trees; very red sunsets, like raging conflagrations, a Flemish boor, more like a turkey-cock in cuffs than a human being, were the prevailing subjects.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading To these must be added a few engravings, such as a portrait of Khozreff-Mirza in a sheepskin cap, and some generals with three-cornered hats and hooked noses.

sunsetsnounUS /ˈsʌnsets/

plural of “sunset” — the time in the evening at which the sun begins to fall below the horizon

From this reading Winter scenes with white trees; very red sunsets, like raging conflagrations, a Flemish boor, more like a turkey-cock in cuffs than a human being, were the prevailing subjects.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Winter scenes with white trees; very red sunsets, like raging conflagrations, a Flemish boor, more like a turkey-cock in cuffs than a human being, were the prevailing subjects.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Nowhere did so many people pause as before the little picture-shop in the Shtchukinui Dvor.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading To these must be added a few engravings, such as a portrait of Khozreff-Mirza in a sheepskin cap, and some generals with three-cornered hats and hooked noses.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This little shop contained, indeed, the most varied collection of curiosities.

three-corneredadjective

having three corners

From this reading To these must be added a few engravings, such as a portrait of Khozreff-Mirza in a sheepskin cap, and some generals with three-cornered hats and hooked noses.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading To these must be added a few engravings, such as a portrait of Khozreff-Mirza in a sheepskin cap, and some generals with three-cornered hats and hooked noses.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading Winter scenes with white trees; very red sunsets, like raging conflagrations, a Flemish boor, more like a turkey-cock in cuffs than a human being, were the prevailing subjects.

turkey-cock

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Winter scenes with white trees; very red sunsets, like raging conflagrations, a Flemish boor, more like a turkey-cock in cuffs than a human being, were the prevailing subjects.

variedadjectiveUS /ˈverid/

characterized by variety

From this reading This little shop contained, indeed, the most varied collection of curiosities.

varnishnounUS /ˈvɑːrnɪʃ/

a coating that provides a hard, lustrous, transparent finish to a surface

From this reading The pictures were chiefly oil-paintings covered with dark varnish, in frames of dingy yellow.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Winter scenes with white trees; very red sunsets, like raging conflagrations, a Flemish boor, more like a turkey-cock in cuffs than a human being, were the prevailing subjects.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The pictures were chiefly oil-paintings covered with dark varnish, in frames of dingy yellow.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading Winter scenes with white trees; very red sunsets, like raging conflagrations, a Flemish boor, more like a turkey-cock in cuffs than a human being, were the prevailing subjects.

WinternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading Winter scenes with white trees; very red sunsets, like raging conflagrations, a Flemish boor, more like a turkey-cock in cuffs than a human being, were the prevailing subjects.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The pictures were chiefly oil-paintings covered with dark varnish, in frames of dingy yellow.

yellowadjectiveUS /ˈjeloʊ/

of the color intermediate between green and orange in the color spectrum; of something resembling the color of an egg yolk

From this reading The pictures were chiefly oil-paintings covered with dark varnish, in frames of dingy yellow.

Chapter 20 of Taras Bulba, and Other Tales by Nikolai Vasilevich Gogol holds 629 sentences, grouped into 126 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of Taras Bulba, and Other Tales contain?

Chapter 20 holds 629 sentences of Taras Bulba, and Other Tales, unabridged, divided into 126 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of Taras Bulba, and Other Tales by Nikolai Vasilevich Gogol exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 629 sentences, grouped into 126 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of Taras Bulba, and Other Tales?

Work through the 126 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 126 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Taras Bulba, and Other Tales

Common questions about reading Taras Bulba, and Other Tales by Nikolai Vasilevich Gogol on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Taras Bulba, and Other Tales?

Yes. All 5320 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1197 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Taras Bulba, and Other Tales is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1197, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Taras Bulba, and Other Tales take to read?

About 443 minutes of reading across 1064 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Taras Bulba, and Other Tales section by section

How to work through Taras Bulba, and Other Tales section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 21 chapters of Taras Bulba, and Other Tales to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Taras Bulba, and Other Tales

Words and structures a reader meets early in Taras Bulba, and Other Tales, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Round
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Taras Bulba, and Other Tales; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ridiculous
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Taras Bulba, and Other Tales; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Priest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Taras Bulba, and Other Tales; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cassock
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Taras Bulba, and Other Tales; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.