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Taras Bulba, and Other Tales
Taras Bulba, and Other Tales

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of Taras Bulba, and Other Tales is here in full — 537 sentences across 108 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/107 · 5 lines
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A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.
The long saloon was filled with the most motley throng of visitors, collected like birds of prey swooping down upon an unburied corpse.
There was a whole squadron of Russian shop-keepers from the Gostinnui Dvor, and from the old-clothes mart, in blue coats of foreign make.
Their faces and expressions were a little more natural here, and did not display that fictitious desire to be subservient which is so marked in the Russian shop-keeper when he stands before a customer in his shop.
Here they stood upon no ceremony, although the saloons were full of those very aristocrats before whom, in any other place, they would have been ready to sweep, with reverence, the dust brought in by their feet.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Taras Bulba, and Other Tales

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of Taras Bulba, and Other Tales is here in full — 537 sentences across 108 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/107 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.
Line 2
The long saloon was filled with the most motley throng of visitors, collected like birds of prey swooping down upon an unburied corpse.
Line 3
There was a whole squadron of Russian shop-keepers from the Gostinnui Dvor, and from the old-clothes mart, in blue coats of foreign make.
Line 4
Their faces and expressions were a little more natural here, and did not display that fictitious desire to be subservient which is so marked in the Russian shop-keeper when he stands before a customer in his shop.
Line 5
Here they stood upon no ceremony, although the saloons were full of those very aristocrats before whom, in any other place, they would have been ready to sweep, with reverence, the dust brought in by their feet.
/hiːr ðeɪ stʊd əˈpɑːn noʊ ˈserəmoʊni ˌɔːlˈðoʊ ðə səˈluːnz wɜːr fʊl ʌv ðoʊz ˈveri ərˈɪstəkræts bɪˈfɔːr huːm ɪn ˈeni ˈʌðər pleɪs ðeɪ wʊd hæv bɪn ˈredi tuː swiːp wɪð ˈrevərəns ðə dʌst brɔːt ɪn baɪ ðer fiːt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

amassed verb US /əˈmæst/

past form of “amass” — collect or gather

From this reading “A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.”

aristocrats noun US /ərˈɪstəkræts/

plural of “aristocrat” — a member of the aristocracy

From this reading “Here they stood upon no ceremony, although the saloons were full of those very aristocrats before whom, in any other place, they would have been ready to sweep, with reverence, the dust brought in by their feet.”

fictitious adjective US /fɪkˈtɪʃəs/

formed or conceived by the imagination

From this reading “Their faces and expressions were a little more natural here, and did not display that fictitious desire to be subservient which is so marked in the Russian shop-keeper when he stands before a customer in his shop.”

mart noun US /mɑːrt/

an area in a town where a public mercantile establishment is set up

From this reading “There was a whole squadron of Russian shop-keepers from the Gostinnui Dvor, and from the old-clothes mart, in blue coats of foreign make.”

saloons noun US /səˈluːnz/

plural of “saloon” — a room or establishment where alcoholic drinks are served over a counter

From this reading “Here they stood upon no ceremony, although the saloons were full of those very aristocrats before whom, in any other place, they would have been ready to sweep, with reverence, the dust brought in by their feet.”

subservient adjective US /səbˈsɜːrviənt/

compliant and obedient to authority

From this reading “Their faces and expressions were a little more natural here, and did not display that fictitious desire to be subservient which is so marked in the Russian shop-keeper when he stands before a customer in his shop.”

swooping verb US /ˈswuːpɪŋ/

-ing form of “swoop” — move down on as if in an attack

From this reading “The long saloon was filled with the most motley throng of visitors, collected like birds of prey swooping down upon an unburied corpse.”

thrifty adjective US /ˈθrɪfti/

careful and diligent in the use of resources

From this reading “A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.”

All words in this reading · 121

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

althoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Here they stood upon no ceremony, although the saloons were full of those very aristocrats before whom, in any other place, they would have been ready to sweep, with reverence, the dust brought in by their feet.

amassedverbUS /əˈmæst/

past form of “amass” — collect or gather

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Here they stood upon no ceremony, although the saloons were full of those very aristocrats before whom, in any other place, they would have been ready to sweep, with reverence, the dust brought in by their feet.

aristocratsnounUS /ərˈɪstəkræts/

plural of “aristocrat” — a member of the aristocracy

From this reading Here they stood upon no ceremony, although the saloons were full of those very aristocrats before whom, in any other place, they would have been ready to sweep, with reverence, the dust brought in by their feet.

art-lovers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

auctionnounUS /ˈɑːkʃən/

a variety of bridge in which tricks made in excess of the contract are scored toward game; now generally superseded by contract bridge

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Their faces and expressions were a little more natural here, and did not display that fictitious desire to be subservient which is so marked in the Russian shop-keeper when he stands before a customer in his shop.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Here they stood upon no ceremony, although the saloons were full of those very aristocrats before whom, in any other place, they would have been ready to sweep, with reverence, the dust brought in by their feet.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Their faces and expressions were a little more natural here, and did not display that fictitious desire to be subservient which is so marked in the Russian shop-keeper when he stands before a customer in his shop.

birdsnounUS /bɜːrdz/

plural of “bird” — warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings

From this reading The long saloon was filled with the most motley throng of visitors, collected like birds of prey swooping down upon an unburied corpse.

blueadjectiveUS /bluː/

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading There was a whole squadron of Russian shop-keepers from the Gostinnui Dvor, and from the old-clothes mart, in blue coats of foreign make.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading Here they stood upon no ceremony, although the saloons were full of those very aristocrats before whom, in any other place, they would have been ready to sweep, with reverence, the dust brought in by their feet.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

carriagesnounUS /ˈkærɪdʒɪz/

plural of “carriage” — a railcar where passengers ride

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

ceremonynounUS /ˈserəmoʊni/

a formal event performed on a special occasion

From this reading Here they stood upon no ceremony, although the saloons were full of those very aristocrats before whom, in any other place, they would have been ready to sweep, with reverence, the dust brought in by their feet.

coatsnounUS /koʊts/

plural of “coat” — an outer garment that has sleeves and covers the body from shoulder down; worn outdoors

From this reading There was a whole squadron of Russian shop-keepers from the Gostinnui Dvor, and from the old-clothes mart, in blue coats of foreign make.

collectedadjectiveUS /kəˈlektəd/

brought together in one place

From this reading The long saloon was filled with the most motley throng of visitors, collected like birds of prey swooping down upon an unburied corpse.

corpsenounUS /kɔːrps/

the dead body of a human being

From this reading The long saloon was filled with the most motley throng of visitors, collected like birds of prey swooping down upon an unburied corpse.

customernounUS /ˈkʌstəmər/

someone who pays for goods or services

From this reading Their faces and expressions were a little more natural here, and did not display that fictitious desire to be subservient which is so marked in the Russian shop-keeper when he stands before a customer in his shop.

desirenounUS /dɪˈzaɪər/

the feeling that accompanies an unsatisfied state

From this reading Their faces and expressions were a little more natural here, and did not display that fictitious desire to be subservient which is so marked in the Russian shop-keeper when he stands before a customer in his shop.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Their faces and expressions were a little more natural here, and did not display that fictitious desire to be subservient which is so marked in the Russian shop-keeper when he stands before a customer in his shop.

displaynounUS /dɪˈspleɪ/

something intended to communicate a particular impression

From this reading Their faces and expressions were a little more natural here, and did not display that fictitious desire to be subservient which is so marked in the Russian shop-keeper when he stands before a customer in his shop.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading The long saloon was filled with the most motley throng of visitors, collected like birds of prey swooping down upon an unburied corpse.

dustverbUS /dʌst/

remove the dust from

From this reading Here they stood upon no ceremony, although the saloons were full of those very aristocrats before whom, in any other place, they would have been ready to sweep, with reverence, the dust brought in by their feet.

Dvor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was a whole squadron of Russian shop-keepers from the Gostinnui Dvor, and from the old-clothes mart, in blue coats of foreign make.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

effectsnounUS /ɪˈfekts/

property of a personal character that is portable but not used in business

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

entrancenounUS /ˈentrəns/

something that provides access (to get in or get out)

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

expendedverbUS /ɪkˈspendɪd/

past form of “expend” — use up, consume fully

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

expressionsnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃənz/

plural of “expression” — the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading Their faces and expressions were a little more natural here, and did not display that fictitious desire to be subservient which is so marked in the Russian shop-keeper when he stands before a customer in his shop.

facesnounUS /ˈfeɪsəz/

plural of “face” — the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading Their faces and expressions were a little more natural here, and did not display that fictitious desire to be subservient which is so marked in the Russian shop-keeper when he stands before a customer in his shop.

fashionnounUS /ˈfæʃən/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

fathersnounUS /ˈfɑːðərz/

plural of “father” — a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading Here they stood upon no ceremony, although the saloons were full of those very aristocrats before whom, in any other place, they would have been ready to sweep, with reverence, the dust brought in by their feet.

fictitiousadjectiveUS /fɪkˈtɪʃəs/

formed or conceived by the imagination

From this reading Their faces and expressions were a little more natural here, and did not display that fictitious desire to be subservient which is so marked in the Russian shop-keeper when he stands before a customer in his shop.

filledadjectiveUS /fɪld/

(usually followed by “with” or used as a combining form) generously supplied with

From this reading The long saloon was filled with the most motley throng of visitors, collected like birds of prey swooping down upon an unburied corpse.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

foreignadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrən/

of concern to or concerning the affairs of other nations (other than your own)

From this reading There was a whole squadron of Russian shop-keepers from the Gostinnui Dvor, and from the old-clothes mart, in blue coats of foreign make.

frequentlyadverbUS /ˈfriːkwəntli/

many times at short intervals

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading There was a whole squadron of Russian shop-keepers from the Gostinnui Dvor, and from the old-clothes mart, in blue coats of foreign make.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading Here they stood upon no ceremony, although the saloons were full of those very aristocrats before whom, in any other place, they would have been ready to sweep, with reverence, the dust brought in by their feet.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

Gostinnui

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was a whole squadron of Russian shop-keepers from the Gostinnui Dvor, and from the old-clothes mart, in blue coats of foreign make.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Their faces and expressions were a little more natural here, and did not display that fictitious desire to be subservient which is so marked in the Russian shop-keeper when he stands before a customer in his shop.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Their faces and expressions were a little more natural here, and did not display that fictitious desire to be subservient which is so marked in the Russian shop-keeper when he stands before a customer in his shop.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Their faces and expressions were a little more natural here, and did not display that fictitious desire to be subservient which is so marked in the Russian shop-keeper when he stands before a customer in his shop.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

innocentlyadverbUS /ˈɪnəsəntli/

in a not unlawful manner

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Their faces and expressions were a little more natural here, and did not display that fictitious desire to be subservient which is so marked in the Russian shop-keeper when he stands before a customer in his shop.

labours

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading The long saloon was filled with the most motley throng of visitors, collected like birds of prey swooping down upon an unburied corpse.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Their faces and expressions were a little more natural here, and did not display that fictitious desire to be subservient which is so marked in the Russian shop-keeper when he stands before a customer in his shop.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading The long saloon was filled with the most motley throng of visitors, collected like birds of prey swooping down upon an unburied corpse.

Maecenases

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading There was a whole squadron of Russian shop-keepers from the Gostinnui Dvor, and from the old-clothes mart, in blue coats of foreign make.

markedadjectiveUS /mɑːrkt/

strongly marked; easily noticeable

From this reading Their faces and expressions were a little more natural here, and did not display that fictitious desire to be subservient which is so marked in the Russian shop-keeper when he stands before a customer in his shop.

martnounUS /mɑːrt/

an area in a town where a public mercantile establishment is set up

From this reading There was a whole squadron of Russian shop-keepers from the Gostinnui Dvor, and from the old-clothes mart, in blue coats of foreign make.

millionsnounUS /ˈmɪljənz/

plural of “million” — the number that is represented as a one followed by 6 zeros

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Their faces and expressions were a little more natural here, and did not display that fictitious desire to be subservient which is so marked in the Russian shop-keeper when he stands before a customer in his shop.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The long saloon was filled with the most motley throng of visitors, collected like birds of prey swooping down upon an unburied corpse.

motleynounUS /ˈmɑːtli/

a collection containing a variety of sorts of things

From this reading The long saloon was filled with the most motley throng of visitors, collected like birds of prey swooping down upon an unburied corpse.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading Their faces and expressions were a little more natural here, and did not display that fictitious desire to be subservient which is so marked in the Russian shop-keeper when he stands before a customer in his shop.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Here they stood upon no ceremony, although the saloons were full of those very aristocrats before whom, in any other place, they would have been ready to sweep, with reverence, the dust brought in by their feet.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Their faces and expressions were a little more natural here, and did not display that fictitious desire to be subservient which is so marked in the Russian shop-keeper when he stands before a customer in his shop.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

old-clothes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was a whole squadron of Russian shop-keepers from the Gostinnui Dvor, and from the old-clothes mart, in blue coats of foreign make.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Here they stood upon no ceremony, although the saloons were full of those very aristocrats before whom, in any other place, they would have been ready to sweep, with reverence, the dust brought in by their feet.

preynounUS /preɪ/

a person who is the aim of an attack (especially a victim of ridicule or exploitation) by some hostile person or influence

From this reading The long saloon was filled with the most motley throng of visitors, collected like birds of prey swooping down upon an unburied corpse.

readyadjectiveUS /ˈredi/

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading Here they stood upon no ceremony, although the saloons were full of those very aristocrats before whom, in any other place, they would have been ready to sweep, with reverence, the dust brought in by their feet.

reverenceverbUS /ˈrevərəns/

regard with feelings of respect and reverence; consider hallowed or exalted or be in awe of

From this reading Here they stood upon no ceremony, although the saloons were full of those very aristocrats before whom, in any other place, they would have been ready to sweep, with reverence, the dust brought in by their feet.

RussiannounUS /ˈrʌʃən/

a native or inhabitant of Russia

From this reading There was a whole squadron of Russian shop-keepers from the Gostinnui Dvor, and from the old-clothes mart, in blue coats of foreign make.

saloonnounUS /səˈluːn/

a room or establishment where alcoholic drinks are served over a counter

From this reading The long saloon was filled with the most motley throng of visitors, collected like birds of prey swooping down upon an unburied corpse.

saloonsnounUS /səˈluːnz/

plural of “saloon” — a room or establishment where alcoholic drinks are served over a counter

From this reading Here they stood upon no ceremony, although the saloons were full of those very aristocrats before whom, in any other place, they would have been ready to sweep, with reverence, the dust brought in by their feet.

shopverbUS /ʃɑːp/

do one's shopping

From this reading Their faces and expressions were a little more natural here, and did not display that fictitious desire to be subservient which is so marked in the Russian shop-keeper when he stands before a customer in his shop.

shop-keeper

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Their faces and expressions were a little more natural here, and did not display that fictitious desire to be subservient which is so marked in the Russian shop-keeper when he stands before a customer in his shop.

shop-keepers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was a whole squadron of Russian shop-keepers from the Gostinnui Dvor, and from the old-clothes mart, in blue coats of foreign make.

simple-mindedadjective

lacking subtlety and insight

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Their faces and expressions were a little more natural here, and did not display that fictitious desire to be subservient which is so marked in the Russian shop-keeper when he stands before a customer in his shop.

squadronnounUS /ˈskwɑːdrən/

a cavalry unit consisting of two or more troops and headquarters and supporting arms

From this reading There was a whole squadron of Russian shop-keepers from the Gostinnui Dvor, and from the old-clothes mart, in blue coats of foreign make.

standsnounUS /stændz/

plural of “stand” — a support or foundation

From this reading Their faces and expressions were a little more natural here, and did not display that fictitious desire to be subservient which is so marked in the Russian shop-keeper when he stands before a customer in his shop.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

subservientadjectiveUS /səbˈsɜːrviənt/

compliant and obedient to authority

From this reading Their faces and expressions were a little more natural here, and did not display that fictitious desire to be subservient which is so marked in the Russian shop-keeper when he stands before a customer in his shop.

sweepverbUS /swiːp/

sweep across or over

From this reading Here they stood upon no ceremony, although the saloons were full of those very aristocrats before whom, in any other place, they would have been ready to sweep, with reverence, the dust brought in by their feet.

swoopingverbUS /ˈswuːpɪŋ/

-ing form of “swoop” — move down on as if in an attack

From this reading The long saloon was filled with the most motley throng of visitors, collected like birds of prey swooping down upon an unburied corpse.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was a whole squadron of Russian shop-keepers from the Gostinnui Dvor, and from the old-clothes mart, in blue coats of foreign make.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Here they stood upon no ceremony, although the saloons were full of those very aristocrats before whom, in any other place, they would have been ready to sweep, with reverence, the dust brought in by their feet.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

thriftyadjectiveUS /ˈθrɪfti/

careful and diligent in the use of resources

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

THRONGnounUS /θrɔːŋ/

a large gathering of people

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

unburiedadjective

not buried

From this reading The long saloon was filled with the most motley throng of visitors, collected like birds of prey swooping down upon an unburied corpse.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The long saloon was filled with the most motley throng of visitors, collected like birds of prey swooping down upon an unburied corpse.

vehiclesnounUS /ˈviːhɪkəlz/

plural of “vehicle” — a conveyance that transports people or objects

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Here they stood upon no ceremony, although the saloons were full of those very aristocrats before whom, in any other place, they would have been ready to sweep, with reverence, the dust brought in by their feet.

visitorsnounUS /ˈvɪzɪtərz/

plural of “visitor” — someone who visits

From this reading The long saloon was filled with the most motley throng of visitors, collected like birds of prey swooping down upon an unburied corpse.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

wealthyadjectiveUS /ˈwelθi/

having an abundant supply of money or possessions of value

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Their faces and expressions were a little more natural here, and did not display that fictitious desire to be subservient which is so marked in the Russian shop-keeper when he stands before a customer in his shop.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Their faces and expressions were a little more natural here, and did not display that fictitious desire to be subservient which is so marked in the Russian shop-keeper when he stands before a customer in his shop.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading A THRONG of carriages and other vehicles stood at the entrance of a house in which an auction was going on of the effects of one of those wealthy art-lovers who have innocently passed for Maecenases, and in a simple-minded fashion expended, to that end, the millions amassed by their thrifty fathers, and frequently even by their own early labours.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading There was a whole squadron of Russian shop-keepers from the Gostinnui Dvor, and from the old-clothes mart, in blue coats of foreign make.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Here they stood upon no ceremony, although the saloons were full of those very aristocrats before whom, in any other place, they would have been ready to sweep, with reverence, the dust brought in by their feet.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The long saloon was filled with the most motley throng of visitors, collected like birds of prey swooping down upon an unburied corpse.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Here they stood upon no ceremony, although the saloons were full of those very aristocrats before whom, in any other place, they would have been ready to sweep, with reverence, the dust brought in by their feet.

Chapter 21 of Taras Bulba, and Other Tales by Nikolai Vasilevich Gogol holds 537 sentences, grouped into 108 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of Taras Bulba, and Other Tales contain?

Chapter 21 holds 537 sentences of Taras Bulba, and Other Tales, unabridged, divided into 108 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of Taras Bulba, and Other Tales by Nikolai Vasilevich Gogol exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 537 sentences, grouped into 108 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of Taras Bulba, and Other Tales?

Work through the 108 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 108 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Taras Bulba, and Other Tales

Common questions about reading Taras Bulba, and Other Tales by Nikolai Vasilevich Gogol on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Taras Bulba, and Other Tales?

Yes. All 5320 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1197 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Taras Bulba, and Other Tales is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1197, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Taras Bulba, and Other Tales take to read?

About 443 minutes of reading across 1064 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Taras Bulba, and Other Tales section by section

How to work through Taras Bulba, and Other Tales section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 21 chapters of Taras Bulba, and Other Tales to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Taras Bulba, and Other Tales

Words and structures a reader meets early in Taras Bulba, and Other Tales, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Round
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Taras Bulba, and Other Tales; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ridiculous
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Taras Bulba, and Other Tales; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Priest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Taras Bulba, and Other Tales; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cassock
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Taras Bulba, and Other Tales; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.