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Ten Boys from Dickens
Ten Boys from Dickens

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Ten Boys from Dickens is here in full — 426 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/85 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
In this small volume there are presented as complete stories the boy-lives portrayed in the works of Charles Dickens.
The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.
Charles Dickens was a loyal champion of all boys, and underlying his pen pictures of them was an earnest desire to remedy evils which he had found existing in London and its suburbs.
Poor Jo, who was always being "moved on," David Copperfield, whose early life was a picture of Dickens' own childhood, workhouse-reared Oliver, and the miserable wretches at Dotheboy Hall were no mere creations of an author's vivid imagination.
They were descriptions of living boys, the victims of tyranny and oppression which Dickens felt he must in some way alleviate.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Ten Boys from Dickens

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Ten Boys from Dickens is here in full — 426 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/85 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In this small volume there are presented as complete stories the boy-lives portrayed in the works of Charles Dickens.
Line 2
The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.
Line 3
Charles Dickens was a loyal champion of all boys, and underlying his pen pictures of them was an earnest desire to remedy evils which he had found existing in London and its suburbs.
/tʃɑːrlz ˈdɪkənz wɑːz ə ˈlɔɪəl ˈtʃæmpiən ʌv ɔːl bɔɪz ənd ˌʌndərˈlaɪɪŋ hɪz pen ˈpɪktʃərz ʌv ðem wɑːz æn ˈɜːrnɪst dɪˈzaɪər tuː ˈremədi ˈiːvəlz wɪtʃ hiː hæd faʊnd ɪɡˈzɪstɪŋ ɪn ˈlʌndən ənd ɪts ˈsʌbərbz/
Line 4
Poor Jo, who was always being "moved on," David Copperfield, whose early life was a picture of Dickens' own childhood, workhouse-reared Oliver, and the miserable wretches at Dotheboy Hall were no mere creations of an author's vivid imagination.
Line 5
They were descriptions of living boys, the victims of tyranny and oppression which Dickens felt he must in some way alleviate.
/ðeɪ wɜːr dɪˈskrɪpʃənz ʌv ˈlɪvɪŋ bɔɪz ðə ˈvɪktəmz ʌv ˈtɪrəni ənd əˈpreʃən wɪtʃ ˈdɪkənz felt hiː mʌst ɪn sʌm weɪ əˈliːvieɪt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

alleviate verb US /əˈliːvieɪt/

provide physical relief, as from pain

From this reading “They were descriptions of living boys, the victims of tyranny and oppression which Dickens felt he must in some way alleviate.”

author's noun US /ˈɔːθərz/

possessive form of “author” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading “Poor Jo, who was always being "moved on," David Copperfield, whose early life was a picture of Dickens' own childhood, workhouse-reared Oliver, and the miserable wretches at Dotheboy Hall were no mere creations of an author's vivid imagination.”

connect verb US /kəˈnekt/

connect, fasten, or put together two or more pieces

From this reading “The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.”

creations noun US /kriˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “creation” — the human act of creating

From this reading “Poor Jo, who was always being "moved on," David Copperfield, whose early life was a picture of Dickens' own childhood, workhouse-reared Oliver, and the miserable wretches at Dotheboy Hall were no mere creations of an author's vivid imagination.”

eliminated verb US /ɪˈlɪməneɪtɪd/

past form of “eliminate” — terminate, end, or take out

From this reading “The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.”

portrayed adjective US /pɔːrˈtreɪd/

represented graphically by sketch or design or lines

From this reading “In this small volume there are presented as complete stories the boy-lives portrayed in the works of Charles Dickens.”

suburbs noun US /ˈsʌbərbz/

plural of “suburb” — a residential district located on the outskirts of a city

From this reading “Charles Dickens was a loyal champion of all boys, and underlying his pen pictures of them was an earnest desire to remedy evils which he had found existing in London and its suburbs.”

underlying adjective US /ˌʌndərˈlaɪɪŋ/

in the nature of something though not readily apparent

From this reading “Charles Dickens was a loyal champion of all boys, and underlying his pen pictures of them was an earnest desire to remedy evils which he had found existing in London and its suburbs.”

All words in this reading · 117

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.

alleviateverbUS /əˈliːvieɪt/

provide physical relief, as from pain

From this reading They were descriptions of living boys, the victims of tyranny and oppression which Dickens felt he must in some way alleviate.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading Poor Jo, who was always being "moved on," David Copperfield, whose early life was a picture of Dickens' own childhood, workhouse-reared Oliver, and the miserable wretches at Dotheboy Hall were no mere creations of an author's vivid imagination.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Charles Dickens was a loyal champion of all boys, and underlying his pen pictures of them was an earnest desire to remedy evils which he had found existing in London and its suburbs.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In this small volume there are presented as complete stories the boy-lives portrayed in the works of Charles Dickens.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In this small volume there are presented as complete stories the boy-lives portrayed in the works of Charles Dickens.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Poor Jo, who was always being "moved on," David Copperfield, whose early life was a picture of Dickens' own childhood, workhouse-reared Oliver, and the miserable wretches at Dotheboy Hall were no mere creations of an author's vivid imagination.

author'snounUS /ˈɔːθərz/

possessive form of “author” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading Poor Jo, who was always being "moved on," David Copperfield, whose early life was a picture of Dickens' own childhood, workhouse-reared Oliver, and the miserable wretches at Dotheboy Hall were no mere creations of an author's vivid imagination.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Poor Jo, who was always being "moved on," David Copperfield, whose early life was a picture of Dickens' own childhood, workhouse-reared Oliver, and the miserable wretches at Dotheboy Hall were no mere creations of an author's vivid imagination.

booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.

boy-lives

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In this small volume there are presented as complete stories the boy-lives portrayed in the works of Charles Dickens.

boysnounUS /bɔɪz/

plural of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.

casesnounUS /ˈkeɪsəz/

plural of “case” — an occurrence of something

From this reading The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.

championnounUS /ˈtʃæmpiən/

someone who has won first place in a competition

From this reading Charles Dickens was a loyal champion of all boys, and underlying his pen pictures of them was an earnest desire to remedy evils which he had found existing in London and its suburbs.

charactersnounUS /ˈkærəktərz/

plural of “character” — an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.

CharlesnounUS /tʃɑːrlz/

King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)

From this reading In this small volume there are presented as complete stories the boy-lives portrayed in the works of Charles Dickens.

childhoodnounUS /ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/

the time of person's life when they are a child

From this reading Poor Jo, who was always being "moved on," David Copperfield, whose early life was a picture of Dickens' own childhood, workhouse-reared Oliver, and the miserable wretches at Dotheboy Hall were no mere creations of an author's vivid imagination.

completeverbUS /kəmˈpliːt/

come or bring to a finish or an end

From this reading In this small volume there are presented as complete stories the boy-lives portrayed in the works of Charles Dickens.

connectverbUS /kəˈnekt/

connect, fasten, or put together two or more pieces

From this reading The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.

Copperfield

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Poor Jo, who was always being "moved on," David Copperfield, whose early life was a picture of Dickens' own childhood, workhouse-reared Oliver, and the miserable wretches at Dotheboy Hall were no mere creations of an author's vivid imagination.

creationsnounUS /kriˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “creation” — the human act of creating

From this reading Poor Jo, who was always being "moved on," David Copperfield, whose early life was a picture of Dickens' own childhood, workhouse-reared Oliver, and the miserable wretches at Dotheboy Hall were no mere creations of an author's vivid imagination.

DavidnounUS /ˈdeɪvɪd/

patron saint of Wales (circa 520-600)

From this reading Poor Jo, who was always being "moved on," David Copperfield, whose early life was a picture of Dickens' own childhood, workhouse-reared Oliver, and the miserable wretches at Dotheboy Hall were no mere creations of an author's vivid imagination.

descriptionsnounUS /dɪˈskrɪpʃənz/

plural of “description” — a statement that represents something in words

From this reading They were descriptions of living boys, the victims of tyranny and oppression which Dickens felt he must in some way alleviate.

desirenounUS /dɪˈzaɪər/

the feeling that accompanies an unsatisfied state

From this reading Charles Dickens was a loyal champion of all boys, and underlying his pen pictures of them was an earnest desire to remedy evils which he had found existing in London and its suburbs.

developmentnounUS /dɪˈveləpmənt/

act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.

DickensnounUS /ˈdɪkənz/

a word used in exclamations of confusion

From this reading In this small volume there are presented as complete stories the boy-lives portrayed in the works of Charles Dickens.

Dotheboy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Poor Jo, who was always being "moved on," David Copperfield, whose early life was a picture of Dickens' own childhood, workhouse-reared Oliver, and the miserable wretches at Dotheboy Hall were no mere creations of an author's vivid imagination.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading Poor Jo, who was always being "moved on," David Copperfield, whose early life was a picture of Dickens' own childhood, workhouse-reared Oliver, and the miserable wretches at Dotheboy Hall were no mere creations of an author's vivid imagination.

earnestadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrnɪst/

characterized by a firm and humorless belief in the validity of your opinions

From this reading Charles Dickens was a loyal champion of all boys, and underlying his pen pictures of them was an earnest desire to remedy evils which he had found existing in London and its suburbs.

eliminatedverbUS /ɪˈlɪməneɪtɪd/

past form of “eliminate” — terminate, end, or take out

From this reading The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.

evilsnounUS /ˈiːvəlz/

plural of “evil” — morally objectionable behavior

From this reading Charles Dickens was a loyal champion of all boys, and underlying his pen pictures of them was an earnest desire to remedy evils which he had found existing in London and its suburbs.

exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.

existingadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzɪstɪŋ/

presently existing

From this reading Charles Dickens was a loyal champion of all boys, and underlying his pen pictures of them was an earnest desire to remedy evils which he had found existing in London and its suburbs.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading They were descriptions of living boys, the victims of tyranny and oppression which Dickens felt he must in some way alleviate.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Charles Dickens was a loyal champion of all boys, and underlying his pen pictures of them was an earnest desire to remedy evils which he had found existing in London and its suburbs.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Charles Dickens was a loyal champion of all boys, and underlying his pen pictures of them was an earnest desire to remedy evils which he had found existing in London and its suburbs.

HallnounUS /hɔːl/

an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open

From this reading Poor Jo, who was always being "moved on," David Copperfield, whose early life was a picture of Dickens' own childhood, workhouse-reared Oliver, and the miserable wretches at Dotheboy Hall were no mere creations of an author's vivid imagination.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Charles Dickens was a loyal champion of all boys, and underlying his pen pictures of them was an earnest desire to remedy evils which he had found existing in London and its suburbs.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Charles Dickens was a loyal champion of all boys, and underlying his pen pictures of them was an earnest desire to remedy evils which he had found existing in London and its suburbs.

imaginationnounUS /ˌɪmædʒəˈneɪʃən/

the formation of a mental image of something that is not perceived as real and is not present to the senses

From this reading Poor Jo, who was always being "moved on," David Copperfield, whose early life was a picture of Dickens' own childhood, workhouse-reared Oliver, and the miserable wretches at Dotheboy Hall were no mere creations of an author's vivid imagination.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In this small volume there are presented as complete stories the boy-lives portrayed in the works of Charles Dickens.

insertedverbUS /ˌɪnˈsɜːrtəd/

past form of “insert” — put or introduce into something

From this reading The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Charles Dickens was a loyal champion of all boys, and underlying his pen pictures of them was an earnest desire to remedy evils which he had found existing in London and its suburbs.

Jo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Poor Jo, who was always being "moved on," David Copperfield, whose early life was a picture of Dickens' own childhood, workhouse-reared Oliver, and the miserable wretches at Dotheboy Hall were no mere creations of an author's vivid imagination.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Poor Jo, who was always being "moved on," David Copperfield, whose early life was a picture of Dickens' own childhood, workhouse-reared Oliver, and the miserable wretches at Dotheboy Hall were no mere creations of an author's vivid imagination.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading They were descriptions of living boys, the victims of tyranny and oppression which Dickens felt he must in some way alleviate.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading Charles Dickens was a loyal champion of all boys, and underlying his pen pictures of them was an earnest desire to remedy evils which he had found existing in London and its suburbs.

loyaladjectiveUS /ˈlɔɪəl/

steadfast in allegiance or duty

From this reading Charles Dickens was a loyal champion of all boys, and underlying his pen pictures of them was an earnest desire to remedy evils which he had found existing in London and its suburbs.

manhoodnounUS /ˈmænhʊd/

the state of being a man; manly qualities

From this reading The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.

mereadjectiveUS /mɪr/

being nothing more than specified

From this reading Poor Jo, who was always being "moved on," David Copperfield, whose early life was a picture of Dickens' own childhood, workhouse-reared Oliver, and the miserable wretches at Dotheboy Hall were no mere creations of an author's vivid imagination.

miserableadjectiveUS /ˈmɪzərəbəl/

very unhappy; full of misery

From this reading Poor Jo, who was always being "moved on," David Copperfield, whose early life was a picture of Dickens' own childhood, workhouse-reared Oliver, and the miserable wretches at Dotheboy Hall were no mere creations of an author's vivid imagination.

movedadjectiveUS /muːvd/

being excited or provoked to the expression of an emotion

From this reading Poor Jo, who was always being "moved on," David Copperfield, whose early life was a picture of Dickens' own childhood, workhouse-reared Oliver, and the miserable wretches at Dotheboy Hall were no mere creations of an author's vivid imagination.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading They were descriptions of living boys, the victims of tyranny and oppression which Dickens felt he must in some way alleviate.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.

necessitynounUS /nəˈsesəti/

the condition of being essential or indispensable

From this reading The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.

net-work

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Poor Jo, who was always being "moved on," David Copperfield, whose early life was a picture of Dickens' own childhood, workhouse-reared Oliver, and the miserable wretches at Dotheboy Hall were no mere creations of an author's vivid imagination.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In this small volume there are presented as complete stories the boy-lives portrayed in the works of Charles Dickens.

OlivernounUS /ˈɑːləvər/

United States jazz musician who influenced the style of Louis Armstrong (1885-1938)

From this reading Poor Jo, who was always being "moved on," David Copperfield, whose early life was a picture of Dickens' own childhood, workhouse-reared Oliver, and the miserable wretches at Dotheboy Hall were no mere creations of an author's vivid imagination.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Poor Jo, who was always being "moved on," David Copperfield, whose early life was a picture of Dickens' own childhood, workhouse-reared Oliver, and the miserable wretches at Dotheboy Hall were no mere creations of an author's vivid imagination.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.

oppressionnounUS /əˈpreʃən/

the act of subjugating by cruelty

From this reading They were descriptions of living boys, the victims of tyranny and oppression which Dickens felt he must in some way alleviate.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.

originaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Poor Jo, who was always being "moved on," David Copperfield, whose early life was a picture of Dickens' own childhood, workhouse-reared Oliver, and the miserable wretches at Dotheboy Hall were no mere creations of an author's vivid imagination.

paragraphnounUS /ˈpærəɡræf/

one of several distinct subdivisions of a text intended to separate ideas; the beginning is usually marked by a new indented line

From this reading The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.

passagesnounUS /ˈpæsədʒəz/

plural of “passage” — the act of passing from one state or place to the next

From this reading The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.

pennounUS /pen/

a writing implement with a point from which ink flows

From this reading Charles Dickens was a loyal champion of all boys, and underlying his pen pictures of them was an earnest desire to remedy evils which he had found existing in London and its suburbs.

phrasenounUS /freɪz/

an expression consisting of one or more words forming a grammatical constituent of a sentence

From this reading The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.

picturenounUS /ˈpɪktʃər/

a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface

From this reading Poor Jo, who was always being "moved on," David Copperfield, whose early life was a picture of Dickens' own childhood, workhouse-reared Oliver, and the miserable wretches at Dotheboy Hall were no mere creations of an author's vivid imagination.

picturesnounUS /ˈpɪktʃərz/

plural of “picture” — a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface

From this reading Charles Dickens was a loyal champion of all boys, and underlying his pen pictures of them was an earnest desire to remedy evils which he had found existing in London and its suburbs.

PooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Poor Jo, who was always being "moved on," David Copperfield, whose early life was a picture of Dickens' own childhood, workhouse-reared Oliver, and the miserable wretches at Dotheboy Hall were no mere creations of an author's vivid imagination.

portrayedadjectiveUS /pɔːrˈtreɪd/

represented graphically by sketch or design or lines

From this reading In this small volume there are presented as complete stories the boy-lives portrayed in the works of Charles Dickens.

presentedverbUS /priˈzentɪd/

past form of “present” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading In this small volume there are presented as complete stories the boy-lives portrayed in the works of Charles Dickens.

remedynounUS /ˈremədi/

act of correcting an error or a fault or an evil

From this reading Charles Dickens was a loyal champion of all boys, and underlying his pen pictures of them was an earnest desire to remedy evils which he had found existing in London and its suburbs.

seemverbUS /siːm/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading In this small volume there are presented as complete stories the boy-lives portrayed in the works of Charles Dickens.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading They were descriptions of living boys, the victims of tyranny and oppression which Dickens felt he must in some way alleviate.

storiesnounUS /ˈstɔːriz/

plural of “story” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading In this small volume there are presented as complete stories the boy-lives portrayed in the works of Charles Dickens.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.

suburbsnounUS /ˈsʌbərbz/

plural of “suburb” — a residential district located on the outskirts of a city

From this reading Charles Dickens was a loyal champion of all boys, and underlying his pen pictures of them was an earnest desire to remedy evils which he had found existing in London and its suburbs.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.

surroundedadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪd/

confined on all sides

From this reading The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.

textnounUS /tekst/

the words of something written

From this reading The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In this small volume there are presented as complete stories the boy-lives portrayed in the works of Charles Dickens.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Charles Dickens was a loyal champion of all boys, and underlying his pen pictures of them was an earnest desire to remedy evils which he had found existing in London and its suburbs.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading In this small volume there are presented as complete stories the boy-lives portrayed in the works of Charles Dickens.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In this small volume there are presented as complete stories the boy-lives portrayed in the works of Charles Dickens.

thresholdnounUS /ˈθreʃoʊld/

the starting point for a new state or experience

From this reading The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.

tyrannynounUS /ˈtɪrəni/

a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)

From this reading They were descriptions of living boys, the victims of tyranny and oppression which Dickens felt he must in some way alleviate.

underlyingadjectiveUS /ˌʌndərˈlaɪɪŋ/

in the nature of something though not readily apparent

From this reading Charles Dickens was a loyal champion of all boys, and underlying his pen pictures of them was an earnest desire to remedy evils which he had found existing in London and its suburbs.

victimsnounUS /ˈvɪktəmz/

plural of “victim” — an unfortunate person who suffers from some adverse circumstance

From this reading They were descriptions of living boys, the victims of tyranny and oppression which Dickens felt he must in some way alleviate.

vividadjectiveUS /ˈvɪvəd/

evoking lifelike images within the mind

From this reading Poor Jo, who was always being "moved on," David Copperfield, whose early life was a picture of Dickens' own childhood, workhouse-reared Oliver, and the miserable wretches at Dotheboy Hall were no mere creations of an author's vivid imagination.

volumenounUS /ˈvɑːljuːm/

the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading In this small volume there are presented as complete stories the boy-lives portrayed in the works of Charles Dickens.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Charles Dickens was a loyal champion of all boys, and underlying his pen pictures of them was an earnest desire to remedy evils which he had found existing in London and its suburbs.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading They were descriptions of living boys, the victims of tyranny and oppression which Dickens felt he must in some way alleviate.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Poor Jo, who was always being "moved on," David Copperfield, whose early life was a picture of Dickens' own childhood, workhouse-reared Oliver, and the miserable wretches at Dotheboy Hall were no mere creations of an author's vivid imagination.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Poor Jo, who was always being "moved on," David Copperfield, whose early life was a picture of Dickens' own childhood, workhouse-reared Oliver, and the miserable wretches at Dotheboy Hall were no mere creations of an author's vivid imagination.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading Poor Jo, who was always being "moved on," David Copperfield, whose early life was a picture of Dickens' own childhood, workhouse-reared Oliver, and the miserable wretches at Dotheboy Hall were no mere creations of an author's vivid imagination.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The boys are followed only to the threshold of manhood, and in all cases the original text of the story has been kept, except where of necessity a phrase or paragraph has been inserted to connect passages;--while the net-work of characters with which the boys are surrounded in the books from which they are taken, has been eliminated, except where such characters seem necessary to the development of the story in hand.

workhouse-reared

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Poor Jo, who was always being "moved on," David Copperfield, whose early life was a picture of Dickens' own childhood, workhouse-reared Oliver, and the miserable wretches at Dotheboy Hall were no mere creations of an author's vivid imagination.

worksnounUS /wɜːrks/

buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading In this small volume there are presented as complete stories the boy-lives portrayed in the works of Charles Dickens.

wretches

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Poor Jo, who was always being "moved on," David Copperfield, whose early life was a picture of Dickens' own childhood, workhouse-reared Oliver, and the miserable wretches at Dotheboy Hall were no mere creations of an author's vivid imagination.

Chapter 1 of Ten Boys from Dickens by Kate Dickinson Sweetser holds 426 sentences, grouped into 86 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Ten Boys from Dickens contain?

Chapter 1 holds 426 sentences of Ten Boys from Dickens, unabridged, divided into 86 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Ten Boys from Dickens by Kate Dickinson Sweetser exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 426 sentences, grouped into 86 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Ten Boys from Dickens?

Work through the 86 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 86 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Ten Boys from Dickens

Common questions about reading Ten Boys from Dickens by Kate Dickinson Sweetser on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Ten Boys from Dickens?

Yes. All 3101 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #11227 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Ten Boys from Dickens is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #11227, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Ten Boys from Dickens take to read?

About 258 minutes of reading across 621 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Ten Boys from Dickens section by section

How to work through Ten Boys from Dickens section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 7 chapters of Ten Boys from Dickens to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Ten Boys from Dickens

Words and structures a reader meets early in Ten Boys from Dickens, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Small
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ten Boys from Dickens; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Volume
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ten Boys from Dickens; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Presented
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ten Boys from Dickens; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Complete
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ten Boys from Dickens; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.