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Tennyson and His Friends
Tennyson and His Friends

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Tennyson and His Friends is here in full — 354 sentences across 71 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/70 · 5 lines
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To those who have contributed to this volume their memories of my father, criticisms of his work, or records of his friends, I owe a deep debt of gratitude.
Three of the writers, Henry Butcher, Sir Alfred Lyall, and Graham Dakyns, have lately, to my great loss, passed away--into that fuller "light of friendship"-- "a clearer day Than our poor twilight dawn on earth."
TENNYSON.
[The following chapters about my father are arranged, as far as possible, according to the sequence of his life.
Further reminiscences by the Duke of Argyll, Gladstone, Jowett, Lecky, Locker-Lampson, Palgrave, Lord Selborne, Tyndall, Aubrey de Vere, and other friends, will be found in _Tennyson, a Memoir_.]
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Tennyson and His Friends

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Tennyson and His Friends is here in full — 354 sentences across 71 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/70 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
To those who have contributed to this volume their memories of my father, criticisms of his work, or records of his friends, I owe a deep debt of gratitude.
/tuː ðoʊz huː hæv kənˈtrɪbjuːtɪd tuː ðɪs ˈvɑːljuːm ðer ˈmɛm.ə.riz ʌv maɪ ˈfɑːðər ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəmz ʌv hɪz wɜːrk ɔːr rəˈkɔːrdz ʌv hɪz frendz aɪ oʊ ə diːp det ʌv ˈɡrætətuːd/
Line 2
Three of the writers, Henry Butcher, Sir Alfred Lyall, and Graham Dakyns, have lately, to my great loss, passed away--into that fuller "light of friendship"-- "a clearer day Than our poor twilight dawn on earth."
Line 3
TENNYSON.
/ˈtenɪsən/
Line 4
[The following chapters about my father are arranged, as far as possible, according to the sequence of his life.
/ðə ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ ˈtʃæptərz əˈbaʊt maɪ ˈfɑːðər ɑːr ərˈeɪndʒd æz fɑːr æz ˈpɑːsəbəl əˈkɔːrdɪŋ tuː ðə ˈsiːkwəns ʌv hɪz laɪf/
Line 5
Further reminiscences by the Duke of Argyll, Gladstone, Jowett, Lecky, Locker-Lampson, Palgrave, Lord Selborne, Tyndall, Aubrey de Vere, and other friends, will be found in _Tennyson, a Memoir_.]

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Argyll noun US /ɑːrˈɡaɪl/

a covered gravy holder of silver or other metal containing a detachable central vessel for hot water to keep the gravy warm

From this reading “Further reminiscences by the Duke of Argyll, Gladstone, Jowett, Lecky, Locker-Lampson, Palgrave, Lord Selborne, Tyndall, Aubrey de Vere, and other friends, will be found in _Tennyson, a Memoir_.]”

criticisms noun US /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəmz/

plural of “criticism” — disapproval expressed by pointing out faults or shortcomings

From this reading “To those who have contributed to this volume their memories of my father, criticisms of his work, or records of his friends, I owe a deep debt of gratitude.”

Gladstone noun US /ˈɡlædstoʊn/

liberal British statesman who served as prime minister four times (1809-1898)

From this reading “Further reminiscences by the Duke of Argyll, Gladstone, Jowett, Lecky, Locker-Lampson, Palgrave, Lord Selborne, Tyndall, Aubrey de Vere, and other friends, will be found in _Tennyson, a Memoir_.]”

Jowett noun US /ˈdʒaʊɪt/

English classical scholar noted for his translations of Plato and Aristotle (1817-1893)

From this reading “Further reminiscences by the Duke of Argyll, Gladstone, Jowett, Lecky, Locker-Lampson, Palgrave, Lord Selborne, Tyndall, Aubrey de Vere, and other friends, will be found in _Tennyson, a Memoir_.]”

Memoir noun US /ˈmemwɑːr/

an account of the author's personal experiences

reminiscences noun US /ˌreməˈnɪsənsɪz/

plural of “reminiscence” — a mental impression retained and recalled from the past

From this reading “Further reminiscences by the Duke of Argyll, Gladstone, Jowett, Lecky, Locker-Lampson, Palgrave, Lord Selborne, Tyndall, Aubrey de Vere, and other friends, will be found in _Tennyson, a Memoir_.]”

sequence noun US /ˈsiːkwəns/

serial arrangement in which things follow in logical order or a recurrent pattern

From this reading “[The following chapters about my father are arranged, as far as possible, according to the sequence of his life.”

Tyndall noun US /ˈtɪndəl/

British physicist (born in Ireland) remembered for his experiments on the transparency of gases and the absorption of radiant heat by gases and the transmission of sound through the atmosphere

From this reading “Further reminiscences by the Duke of Argyll, Gladstone, Jowett, Lecky, Locker-Lampson, Palgrave, Lord Selborne, Tyndall, Aubrey de Vere, and other friends, will be found in _Tennyson, a Memoir_.]”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

on earth preposition + noun

used with question words to convey surprise

In this reading “Three of the writers, Henry Butcher, Sir Alfred Lyall, and Graham Dakyns, have lately, to my great loss, passed away--into that fuller "light of friendship"-- "a clearer day Than our poor twilight dawn on earth."”

following chapters adjective + noun counted as “following chapter”

In this reading “[The following chapters about my father are arranged, as far as possible, according to the sequence of his life.”

great loss adjective + noun

In this reading “Three of the writers, Henry Butcher, Sir Alfred Lyall, and Graham Dakyns, have lately, to my great loss, passed away--into that fuller "light of friendship"-- "a clearer day Than our poor twilight dawn on earth."”

All words in this reading · 88

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading To those who have contributed to this volume their memories of my father, criticisms of his work, or records of his friends, I owe a deep debt of gratitude.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading [The following chapters about my father are arranged, as far as possible, according to the sequence of his life.

accordingadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading [The following chapters about my father are arranged, as far as possible, according to the sequence of his life.

AlfrednounUS /ˈælfrəd/

king of Wessex; defeated the Vikings and encouraged writing in English (849-899)

From this reading Three of the writers, Henry Butcher, Sir Alfred Lyall, and Graham Dakyns, have lately, to my great loss, passed away--into that fuller "light of friendship"-- "a clearer day Than our poor twilight dawn on earth."

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Three of the writers, Henry Butcher, Sir Alfred Lyall, and Graham Dakyns, have lately, to my great loss, passed away--into that fuller "light of friendship"-- "a clearer day Than our poor twilight dawn on earth."

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading [The following chapters about my father are arranged, as far as possible, according to the sequence of his life.

ArgyllnounUS /ɑːrˈɡaɪl/

a covered gravy holder of silver or other metal containing a detachable central vessel for hot water to keep the gravy warm

From this reading Further reminiscences by the Duke of Argyll, Gladstone, Jowett, Lecky, Locker-Lampson, Palgrave, Lord Selborne, Tyndall, Aubrey de Vere, and other friends, will be found in _Tennyson, a Memoir_.]

arrangedadjectiveUS /ərˈeɪndʒd/

disposed or placed in a particular kind of order

From this reading [The following chapters about my father are arranged, as far as possible, according to the sequence of his life.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading [The following chapters about my father are arranged, as far as possible, according to the sequence of his life.

Aubrey

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Further reminiscences by the Duke of Argyll, Gladstone, Jowett, Lecky, Locker-Lampson, Palgrave, Lord Selborne, Tyndall, Aubrey de Vere, and other friends, will be found in _Tennyson, a Memoir_.]

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Three of the writers, Henry Butcher, Sir Alfred Lyall, and Graham Dakyns, have lately, to my great loss, passed away--into that fuller "light of friendship"-- "a clearer day Than our poor twilight dawn on earth."

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Further reminiscences by the Duke of Argyll, Gladstone, Jowett, Lecky, Locker-Lampson, Palgrave, Lord Selborne, Tyndall, Aubrey de Vere, and other friends, will be found in _Tennyson, a Memoir_.]

ButcherverbUS /ˈbʊtʃər/

kill (animals) usually for food consumption

From this reading Three of the writers, Henry Butcher, Sir Alfred Lyall, and Graham Dakyns, have lately, to my great loss, passed away--into that fuller "light of friendship"-- "a clearer day Than our poor twilight dawn on earth."

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Further reminiscences by the Duke of Argyll, Gladstone, Jowett, Lecky, Locker-Lampson, Palgrave, Lord Selborne, Tyndall, Aubrey de Vere, and other friends, will be found in _Tennyson, a Memoir_.]

chaptersnounUS /ˈtʃæptərz/

plural of “chapter” — a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading [The following chapters about my father are arranged, as far as possible, according to the sequence of his life.

cleareradjectiveUS /ˈklɪrər/

comparative of “clear” — readily apparent to the mind

From this reading Three of the writers, Henry Butcher, Sir Alfred Lyall, and Graham Dakyns, have lately, to my great loss, passed away--into that fuller "light of friendship"-- "a clearer day Than our poor twilight dawn on earth."

contributedverbUS /kənˈtrɪbjuːtɪd/

past form of “contribute” — bestow a quality on

From this reading To those who have contributed to this volume their memories of my father, criticisms of his work, or records of his friends, I owe a deep debt of gratitude.

criticismsnounUS /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəmz/

plural of “criticism” — disapproval expressed by pointing out faults or shortcomings

From this reading To those who have contributed to this volume their memories of my father, criticisms of his work, or records of his friends, I owe a deep debt of gratitude.

Dakyns

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three of the writers, Henry Butcher, Sir Alfred Lyall, and Graham Dakyns, have lately, to my great loss, passed away--into that fuller "light of friendship"-- "a clearer day Than our poor twilight dawn on earth."

dawnnounUS /dɔːn/

the first light of day

From this reading Three of the writers, Henry Butcher, Sir Alfred Lyall, and Graham Dakyns, have lately, to my great loss, passed away--into that fuller "light of friendship"-- "a clearer day Than our poor twilight dawn on earth."

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Three of the writers, Henry Butcher, Sir Alfred Lyall, and Graham Dakyns, have lately, to my great loss, passed away--into that fuller "light of friendship"-- "a clearer day Than our poor twilight dawn on earth."

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading Further reminiscences by the Duke of Argyll, Gladstone, Jowett, Lecky, Locker-Lampson, Palgrave, Lord Selborne, Tyndall, Aubrey de Vere, and other friends, will be found in _Tennyson, a Memoir_.]

debtnounUS /det/

the state of owing something (especially money)

From this reading To those who have contributed to this volume their memories of my father, criticisms of his work, or records of his friends, I owe a deep debt of gratitude.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading To those who have contributed to this volume their memories of my father, criticisms of his work, or records of his friends, I owe a deep debt of gratitude.

DukenounUS /duːk/

a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading Further reminiscences by the Duke of Argyll, Gladstone, Jowett, Lecky, Locker-Lampson, Palgrave, Lord Selborne, Tyndall, Aubrey de Vere, and other friends, will be found in _Tennyson, a Memoir_.]

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading Three of the writers, Henry Butcher, Sir Alfred Lyall, and Graham Dakyns, have lately, to my great loss, passed away--into that fuller "light of friendship"-- "a clearer day Than our poor twilight dawn on earth."

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading [The following chapters about my father are arranged, as far as possible, according to the sequence of his life.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading To those who have contributed to this volume their memories of my father, criticisms of his work, or records of his friends, I owe a deep debt of gratitude.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading [The following chapters about my father are arranged, as far as possible, according to the sequence of his life.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Further reminiscences by the Duke of Argyll, Gladstone, Jowett, Lecky, Locker-Lampson, Palgrave, Lord Selborne, Tyndall, Aubrey de Vere, and other friends, will be found in _Tennyson, a Memoir_.]

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading To those who have contributed to this volume their memories of my father, criticisms of his work, or records of his friends, I owe a deep debt of gratitude.

friendshipnounUS /ˈfrendʃɪp/

the state of being friends (or friendly)

From this reading Three of the writers, Henry Butcher, Sir Alfred Lyall, and Graham Dakyns, have lately, to my great loss, passed away--into that fuller "light of friendship"-- "a clearer day Than our poor twilight dawn on earth."

fullernounUS /ˈfʊlər/

United States jurist and chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1833-1910)

From this reading Three of the writers, Henry Butcher, Sir Alfred Lyall, and Graham Dakyns, have lately, to my great loss, passed away--into that fuller "light of friendship"-- "a clearer day Than our poor twilight dawn on earth."

FurtheradverbUS /ˈfɜːrðər/

to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (“further” is used more often than “farther” in this abstract sense)

From this reading Further reminiscences by the Duke of Argyll, Gladstone, Jowett, Lecky, Locker-Lampson, Palgrave, Lord Selborne, Tyndall, Aubrey de Vere, and other friends, will be found in _Tennyson, a Memoir_.]

GladstonenounUS /ˈɡlædstoʊn/

liberal British statesman who served as prime minister four times (1809-1898)

From this reading Further reminiscences by the Duke of Argyll, Gladstone, Jowett, Lecky, Locker-Lampson, Palgrave, Lord Selborne, Tyndall, Aubrey de Vere, and other friends, will be found in _Tennyson, a Memoir_.]

GrahamnounUS /ˈɡreɪəm/

United States evangelical preacher famous as a mass evangelist (born in 1918)

From this reading Three of the writers, Henry Butcher, Sir Alfred Lyall, and Graham Dakyns, have lately, to my great loss, passed away--into that fuller "light of friendship"-- "a clearer day Than our poor twilight dawn on earth."

gratitudenounUS /ˈɡrætətuːd/

a feeling of thankfulness and appreciation

From this reading To those who have contributed to this volume their memories of my father, criticisms of his work, or records of his friends, I owe a deep debt of gratitude.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Three of the writers, Henry Butcher, Sir Alfred Lyall, and Graham Dakyns, have lately, to my great loss, passed away--into that fuller "light of friendship"-- "a clearer day Than our poor twilight dawn on earth."

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading To those who have contributed to this volume their memories of my father, criticisms of his work, or records of his friends, I owe a deep debt of gratitude.

HenrynounUS /ˈhenri/

a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading Three of the writers, Henry Butcher, Sir Alfred Lyall, and Graham Dakyns, have lately, to my great loss, passed away--into that fuller "light of friendship"-- "a clearer day Than our poor twilight dawn on earth."

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading To those who have contributed to this volume their memories of my father, criticisms of his work, or records of his friends, I owe a deep debt of gratitude.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading To those who have contributed to this volume their memories of my father, criticisms of his work, or records of his friends, I owe a deep debt of gratitude.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Further reminiscences by the Duke of Argyll, Gladstone, Jowett, Lecky, Locker-Lampson, Palgrave, Lord Selborne, Tyndall, Aubrey de Vere, and other friends, will be found in _Tennyson, a Memoir_.]

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Three of the writers, Henry Butcher, Sir Alfred Lyall, and Graham Dakyns, have lately, to my great loss, passed away--into that fuller "light of friendship"-- "a clearer day Than our poor twilight dawn on earth."

JowettnounUS /ˈdʒaʊɪt/

English classical scholar noted for his translations of Plato and Aristotle (1817-1893)

From this reading Further reminiscences by the Duke of Argyll, Gladstone, Jowett, Lecky, Locker-Lampson, Palgrave, Lord Selborne, Tyndall, Aubrey de Vere, and other friends, will be found in _Tennyson, a Memoir_.]

latelyadverbUS /ˈleɪtli/

in the recent past

From this reading Three of the writers, Henry Butcher, Sir Alfred Lyall, and Graham Dakyns, have lately, to my great loss, passed away--into that fuller "light of friendship"-- "a clearer day Than our poor twilight dawn on earth."

Lecky

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Further reminiscences by the Duke of Argyll, Gladstone, Jowett, Lecky, Locker-Lampson, Palgrave, Lord Selborne, Tyndall, Aubrey de Vere, and other friends, will be found in _Tennyson, a Memoir_.]

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading [The following chapters about my father are arranged, as far as possible, according to the sequence of his life.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading Three of the writers, Henry Butcher, Sir Alfred Lyall, and Graham Dakyns, have lately, to my great loss, passed away--into that fuller "light of friendship"-- "a clearer day Than our poor twilight dawn on earth."

Locker-Lampson

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Further reminiscences by the Duke of Argyll, Gladstone, Jowett, Lecky, Locker-Lampson, Palgrave, Lord Selborne, Tyndall, Aubrey de Vere, and other friends, will be found in _Tennyson, a Memoir_.]

LordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading Further reminiscences by the Duke of Argyll, Gladstone, Jowett, Lecky, Locker-Lampson, Palgrave, Lord Selborne, Tyndall, Aubrey de Vere, and other friends, will be found in _Tennyson, a Memoir_.]

lossnounUS /lɔːs/

something that is lost

From this reading Three of the writers, Henry Butcher, Sir Alfred Lyall, and Graham Dakyns, have lately, to my great loss, passed away--into that fuller "light of friendship"-- "a clearer day Than our poor twilight dawn on earth."

Lyall

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three of the writers, Henry Butcher, Sir Alfred Lyall, and Graham Dakyns, have lately, to my great loss, passed away--into that fuller "light of friendship"-- "a clearer day Than our poor twilight dawn on earth."

MemoirnounUS /ˈmemwɑːr/

an account of the author's personal experiences

From this reading Further reminiscences by the Duke of Argyll, Gladstone, Jowett, Lecky, Locker-Lampson, Palgrave, Lord Selborne, Tyndall, Aubrey de Vere, and other friends, will be found in _Tennyson, a Memoir_.]

memoriesnounUS /ˈmɛm.ə.riz/

Recollections of past events.

From this reading To those who have contributed to this volume their memories of my father, criticisms of his work, or records of his friends, I owe a deep debt of gratitude.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading To those who have contributed to this volume their memories of my father, criticisms of his work, or records of his friends, I owe a deep debt of gratitude.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading To those who have contributed to this volume their memories of my father, criticisms of his work, or records of his friends, I owe a deep debt of gratitude.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Three of the writers, Henry Butcher, Sir Alfred Lyall, and Graham Dakyns, have lately, to my great loss, passed away--into that fuller "light of friendship"-- "a clearer day Than our poor twilight dawn on earth."

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading To those who have contributed to this volume their memories of my father, criticisms of his work, or records of his friends, I owe a deep debt of gratitude.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Further reminiscences by the Duke of Argyll, Gladstone, Jowett, Lecky, Locker-Lampson, Palgrave, Lord Selborne, Tyndall, Aubrey de Vere, and other friends, will be found in _Tennyson, a Memoir_.]

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Three of the writers, Henry Butcher, Sir Alfred Lyall, and Graham Dakyns, have lately, to my great loss, passed away--into that fuller "light of friendship"-- "a clearer day Than our poor twilight dawn on earth."

oweverbUS /oʊ/

be obliged to pay or repay

From this reading To those who have contributed to this volume their memories of my father, criticisms of his work, or records of his friends, I owe a deep debt of gratitude.

Palgravenoun

English poet (1824-1897)

From this reading Further reminiscences by the Duke of Argyll, Gladstone, Jowett, Lecky, Locker-Lampson, Palgrave, Lord Selborne, Tyndall, Aubrey de Vere, and other friends, will be found in _Tennyson, a Memoir_.]

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Three of the writers, Henry Butcher, Sir Alfred Lyall, and Graham Dakyns, have lately, to my great loss, passed away--into that fuller "light of friendship"-- "a clearer day Than our poor twilight dawn on earth."

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Three of the writers, Henry Butcher, Sir Alfred Lyall, and Graham Dakyns, have lately, to my great loss, passed away--into that fuller "light of friendship"-- "a clearer day Than our poor twilight dawn on earth."

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading [The following chapters about my father are arranged, as far as possible, according to the sequence of his life.

recordsnounUS /rəˈkɔːrdz/

plural of “record” — anything (such as a document or a phonograph record or a photograph) providing permanent evidence of or information about past events

From this reading To those who have contributed to this volume their memories of my father, criticisms of his work, or records of his friends, I owe a deep debt of gratitude.

reminiscencesnounUS /ˌreməˈnɪsənsɪz/

plural of “reminiscence” — a mental impression retained and recalled from the past

From this reading Further reminiscences by the Duke of Argyll, Gladstone, Jowett, Lecky, Locker-Lampson, Palgrave, Lord Selborne, Tyndall, Aubrey de Vere, and other friends, will be found in _Tennyson, a Memoir_.]

Selborne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Further reminiscences by the Duke of Argyll, Gladstone, Jowett, Lecky, Locker-Lampson, Palgrave, Lord Selborne, Tyndall, Aubrey de Vere, and other friends, will be found in _Tennyson, a Memoir_.]

sequencenounUS /ˈsiːkwəns/

serial arrangement in which things follow in logical order or a recurrent pattern

From this reading [The following chapters about my father are arranged, as far as possible, according to the sequence of his life.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading Three of the writers, Henry Butcher, Sir Alfred Lyall, and Graham Dakyns, have lately, to my great loss, passed away--into that fuller "light of friendship"-- "a clearer day Than our poor twilight dawn on earth."

TENNYSONnounUS /ˈtenɪsən/

Englishman and Victorian poet (1809-1892)

From this reading TENNYSON.

ThanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Three of the writers, Henry Butcher, Sir Alfred Lyall, and Graham Dakyns, have lately, to my great loss, passed away--into that fuller "light of friendship"-- "a clearer day Than our poor twilight dawn on earth."

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Three of the writers, Henry Butcher, Sir Alfred Lyall, and Graham Dakyns, have lately, to my great loss, passed away--into that fuller "light of friendship"-- "a clearer day Than our poor twilight dawn on earth."

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Three of the writers, Henry Butcher, Sir Alfred Lyall, and Graham Dakyns, have lately, to my great loss, passed away--into that fuller "light of friendship"-- "a clearer day Than our poor twilight dawn on earth."

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading To those who have contributed to this volume their memories of my father, criticisms of his work, or records of his friends, I owe a deep debt of gratitude.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading To those who have contributed to this volume their memories of my father, criticisms of his work, or records of his friends, I owe a deep debt of gratitude.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading To those who have contributed to this volume their memories of my father, criticisms of his work, or records of his friends, I owe a deep debt of gratitude.

ThreenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Three of the writers, Henry Butcher, Sir Alfred Lyall, and Graham Dakyns, have lately, to my great loss, passed away--into that fuller "light of friendship"-- "a clearer day Than our poor twilight dawn on earth."

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading To those who have contributed to this volume their memories of my father, criticisms of his work, or records of his friends, I owe a deep debt of gratitude.

twilightnounUS /ˈtwaɪlaɪt/

the time of day immediately following sunset

From this reading Three of the writers, Henry Butcher, Sir Alfred Lyall, and Graham Dakyns, have lately, to my great loss, passed away--into that fuller "light of friendship"-- "a clearer day Than our poor twilight dawn on earth."

TyndallnounUS /ˈtɪndəl/

British physicist (born in Ireland) remembered for his experiments on the transparency of gases and the absorption of radiant heat by gases and the transmission of sound through the atmosphere

From this reading Further reminiscences by the Duke of Argyll, Gladstone, Jowett, Lecky, Locker-Lampson, Palgrave, Lord Selborne, Tyndall, Aubrey de Vere, and other friends, will be found in _Tennyson, a Memoir_.]

Vere

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Further reminiscences by the Duke of Argyll, Gladstone, Jowett, Lecky, Locker-Lampson, Palgrave, Lord Selborne, Tyndall, Aubrey de Vere, and other friends, will be found in _Tennyson, a Memoir_.]

volumenounUS /ˈvɑːljuːm/

the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading To those who have contributed to this volume their memories of my father, criticisms of his work, or records of his friends, I owe a deep debt of gratitude.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading To those who have contributed to this volume their memories of my father, criticisms of his work, or records of his friends, I owe a deep debt of gratitude.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Further reminiscences by the Duke of Argyll, Gladstone, Jowett, Lecky, Locker-Lampson, Palgrave, Lord Selborne, Tyndall, Aubrey de Vere, and other friends, will be found in _Tennyson, a Memoir_.]

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading To those who have contributed to this volume their memories of my father, criticisms of his work, or records of his friends, I owe a deep debt of gratitude.

writersnounUS /ˈraɪtərz/

plural of “writer” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading Three of the writers, Henry Butcher, Sir Alfred Lyall, and Graham Dakyns, have lately, to my great loss, passed away--into that fuller "light of friendship"-- "a clearer day Than our poor twilight dawn on earth."

Chapter 1 of Tennyson and His Friends by Hallam Tennyson, Baron [Editor] Tennyson holds 354 sentences, grouped into 71 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Tennyson and His Friends contain?

Chapter 1 holds 354 sentences of Tennyson and His Friends, unabridged, divided into 71 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Tennyson and His Friends by Hallam Tennyson, Baron [Editor] Tennyson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 354 sentences, grouped into 71 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Tennyson and His Friends?

Work through the 71 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 71 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Tennyson and His Friends

Common questions about reading Tennyson and His Friends by Hallam Tennyson, Baron [Editor] Tennyson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Tennyson and His Friends?

Yes. All 5742 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #38420 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Tennyson and His Friends is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #38420, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Tennyson and His Friends take to read?

About 478 minutes of reading across 1149 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Tennyson and His Friends section by section

How to work through Tennyson and His Friends section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 15 chapters of Tennyson and His Friends to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Tennyson and His Friends

Words and structures a reader meets early in Tennyson and His Friends, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Those
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tennyson and His Friends; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Contributed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tennyson and His Friends; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Volume
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tennyson and His Friends; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Memories
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tennyson and His Friends; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.