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Text Books of Art Education, V. 4 of 7. Book IV, Fourth Year
Text Books of Art Education, V. 4 of 7. Book IV, Fourth Year

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Text Books of Art Education, V. 4 of 7. Book IV, Fourth Year is here in full — 399 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Text Books of Art Education, V. 4 of 7. Book IV, Fourth Year
Context Illustration Reading 1/79 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
In your study of plants you found that the appearance of a leaf or flower depended upon its position.
In making a picture of a daisy as it grows, we do not show the exact size and shape of leaves and petals, as they would look if we laid them on paper and traced around them.
Such a drawing, while it might show certain facts of the plant, would not tell the truth about its appearance.
In drawing from boys and girls, also, we must study appearances.
We know that our model has two eyes and two ears, and that the nose is in the middle of the face.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Text Books of Art Education, V. 4 of 7. Book IV, Fourth Year

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Text Books of Art Education, V. 4 of 7. Book IV, Fourth Year is here in full — 399 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/79 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In your study of plants you found that the appearance of a leaf or flower depended upon its position.
/ɪn jɔːr ˈstʌdi ʌv plænts juː faʊnd ðæt ðə əˈpɪrəns ʌv ə liːf ɔːr ˈflaʊər dɪˈpendəd əˈpɑːn ɪts pəˈzɪʃən/
Line 2
In making a picture of a daisy as it grows, we do not show the exact size and shape of leaves and petals, as they would look if we laid them on paper and traced around them.
/ɪn ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə ˈpɪktʃər ʌv ə ˈdeɪzi æz ɪt ɡroʊz wiː duː nɑːt ʃoʊ ðə ɪɡˈzækt saɪz ənd ʃeɪp ʌv liːvz ənd ˈpetəlz æz ðeɪ wʊd lʊk ɪf wiː leɪd ðem ɑːn ˈpeɪpər ənd treɪst ərˈaʊnd ðem/
Line 3
Such a drawing, while it might show certain facts of the plant, would not tell the truth about its appearance.
/sʌtʃ ə ˈdrɔːɪŋ waɪl ɪt maɪt ʃoʊ ˈsɜːrtən fækts ʌv ðə plænt wʊd nɑːt tel ðə truːθ əˈbaʊt ɪts əˈpɪrəns/
Line 4
In drawing from boys and girls, also, we must study appearances.
/ɪn ˈdrɔːɪŋ frʌm bɔɪz ənd ɡɜːrlz ˈɔːlsoʊ wiː mʌst ˈstʌdi əˈpɪrənsəz/
Line 5
We know that our model has two eyes and two ears, and that the nose is in the middle of the face.
/wiː noʊ ðæt ˈaʊər ˈmɑːdəl hæz tuː aɪz ənd tuː ɪrz ənd ðæt ðə noʊz ɪz ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl ʌv ðə feɪs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

appearances noun US /əˈpɪrənsəz/

plural of “appearance” — outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading “In drawing from boys and girls, also, we must study appearances.”

daisy noun US /ˈdeɪzi/

any of numerous composite plants having flower heads with well-developed ray flowers usually arranged in a single whorl

From this reading “In making a picture of a daisy as it grows, we do not show the exact size and shape of leaves and petals, as they would look if we laid them on paper and traced around them.”

depended verb US /dɪˈpendəd/

past form of “depend” — be contingent upon (something that is elided)

From this reading “In your study of plants you found that the appearance of a leaf or flower depended upon its position.”

grows verb US /ɡroʊz/

third-person singular of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading “In making a picture of a daisy as it grows, we do not show the exact size and shape of leaves and petals, as they would look if we laid them on paper and traced around them.”

model noun US /ˈmɑːdəl/

a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process

From this reading “We know that our model has two eyes and two ears, and that the nose is in the middle of the face.”

petals noun US /ˈpetəlz/

plural of “petal” — part of the perianth that is usually brightly colored

From this reading “In making a picture of a daisy as it grows, we do not show the exact size and shape of leaves and petals, as they would look if we laid them on paper and traced around them.”

plants noun US /plænts/

plural of “plant” — buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading “In your study of plants you found that the appearance of a leaf or flower depended upon its position.”

traced verb US /treɪst/

past form of “trace” — follow, discover, or ascertain the course of development of something

From this reading “In making a picture of a daisy as it grows, we do not show the exact size and shape of leaves and petals, as they would look if we laid them on paper and traced around them.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

depended upon verb + particle counted as “depend upon”

be contingent on

In this reading “In your study of plants you found that the appearance of a leaf or flower depended upon its position.”

tell the truth verb + article + noun counted as “tell … truth”

In this reading “Such a drawing, while it might show certain facts of the plant, would not tell the truth about its appearance.”

in the middle preposition + article + noun counted as “in … middle”

In this reading “We know that our model has two eyes and two ears, and that the nose is in the middle of the face.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In your study of plants you found that the appearance of a leaf or flower depended upon its position.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Such a drawing, while it might show certain facts of the plant, would not tell the truth about its appearance.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading In drawing from boys and girls, also, we must study appearances.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In making a picture of a daisy as it grows, we do not show the exact size and shape of leaves and petals, as they would look if we laid them on paper and traced around them.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading In your study of plants you found that the appearance of a leaf or flower depended upon its position.

appearancesnounUS /əˈpɪrənsəz/

plural of “appearance” — outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading In drawing from boys and girls, also, we must study appearances.

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading In making a picture of a daisy as it grows, we do not show the exact size and shape of leaves and petals, as they would look if we laid them on paper and traced around them.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In making a picture of a daisy as it grows, we do not show the exact size and shape of leaves and petals, as they would look if we laid them on paper and traced around them.

boysnounUS /bɔɪz/

plural of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading In drawing from boys and girls, also, we must study appearances.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading Such a drawing, while it might show certain facts of the plant, would not tell the truth about its appearance.

daisynounUS /ˈdeɪzi/

any of numerous composite plants having flower heads with well-developed ray flowers usually arranged in a single whorl

From this reading In making a picture of a daisy as it grows, we do not show the exact size and shape of leaves and petals, as they would look if we laid them on paper and traced around them.

dependedverbUS /dɪˈpendəd/

past form of “depend” — be contingent upon (something that is elided)

From this reading In your study of plants you found that the appearance of a leaf or flower depended upon its position.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading In making a picture of a daisy as it grows, we do not show the exact size and shape of leaves and petals, as they would look if we laid them on paper and traced around them.

drawingnounUS /ˈdrɔːɪŋ/

an illustration that is drawn by hand and published in a book, magazine, or newspaper

From this reading Such a drawing, while it might show certain facts of the plant, would not tell the truth about its appearance.

earsnounUS /ɪrz/

plural of “ear” — the sense organ for hearing and equilibrium

From this reading We know that our model has two eyes and two ears, and that the nose is in the middle of the face.

exactadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzækt/

Strictly particular and correct.

From this reading In making a picture of a daisy as it grows, we do not show the exact size and shape of leaves and petals, as they would look if we laid them on paper and traced around them.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading We know that our model has two eyes and two ears, and that the nose is in the middle of the face.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading We know that our model has two eyes and two ears, and that the nose is in the middle of the face.

factsnounUS /fækts/

plural of “fact” — a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading Such a drawing, while it might show certain facts of the plant, would not tell the truth about its appearance.

flowernounUS /ˈflaʊər/

a plant cultivated for its blooms or blossoms

From this reading In your study of plants you found that the appearance of a leaf or flower depended upon its position.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading In your study of plants you found that the appearance of a leaf or flower depended upon its position.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading In drawing from boys and girls, also, we must study appearances.

girlsnounUS /ɡɜːrlz/

plural of “girl” — a young female

From this reading In drawing from boys and girls, also, we must study appearances.

growsverbUS /ɡroʊz/

third-person singular of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading In making a picture of a daisy as it grows, we do not show the exact size and shape of leaves and petals, as they would look if we laid them on paper and traced around them.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading We know that our model has two eyes and two ears, and that the nose is in the middle of the face.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading In making a picture of a daisy as it grows, we do not show the exact size and shape of leaves and petals, as they would look if we laid them on paper and traced around them.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In your study of plants you found that the appearance of a leaf or flower depended upon its position.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading We know that our model has two eyes and two ears, and that the nose is in the middle of the face.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading In making a picture of a daisy as it grows, we do not show the exact size and shape of leaves and petals, as they would look if we laid them on paper and traced around them.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading In your study of plants you found that the appearance of a leaf or flower depended upon its position.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading We know that our model has two eyes and two ears, and that the nose is in the middle of the face.

laidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading In making a picture of a daisy as it grows, we do not show the exact size and shape of leaves and petals, as they would look if we laid them on paper and traced around them.

leafnounUS /liːf/

the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading In your study of plants you found that the appearance of a leaf or flower depended upon its position.

leavesnounUS /liːvz/

plural of “leaf” — the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading In making a picture of a daisy as it grows, we do not show the exact size and shape of leaves and petals, as they would look if we laid them on paper and traced around them.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading In making a picture of a daisy as it grows, we do not show the exact size and shape of leaves and petals, as they would look if we laid them on paper and traced around them.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading In making a picture of a daisy as it grows, we do not show the exact size and shape of leaves and petals, as they would look if we laid them on paper and traced around them.

middlenounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading We know that our model has two eyes and two ears, and that the nose is in the middle of the face.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Such a drawing, while it might show certain facts of the plant, would not tell the truth about its appearance.

modelnounUS /ˈmɑːdəl/

a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process

From this reading We know that our model has two eyes and two ears, and that the nose is in the middle of the face.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading In drawing from boys and girls, also, we must study appearances.

nosenounUS /noʊz/

the organ of smell and entrance to the respiratory tract; the prominent part of the face of man or other mammals

From this reading We know that our model has two eyes and two ears, and that the nose is in the middle of the face.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading In making a picture of a daisy as it grows, we do not show the exact size and shape of leaves and petals, as they would look if we laid them on paper and traced around them.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In your study of plants you found that the appearance of a leaf or flower depended upon its position.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading In making a picture of a daisy as it grows, we do not show the exact size and shape of leaves and petals, as they would look if we laid them on paper and traced around them.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading In your study of plants you found that the appearance of a leaf or flower depended upon its position.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading We know that our model has two eyes and two ears, and that the nose is in the middle of the face.

papernounUS /ˈpeɪpər/

a material made of cellulose pulp derived mainly from wood or rags or certain grasses

From this reading In making a picture of a daisy as it grows, we do not show the exact size and shape of leaves and petals, as they would look if we laid them on paper and traced around them.

petalsnounUS /ˈpetəlz/

plural of “petal” — part of the perianth that is usually brightly colored

From this reading In making a picture of a daisy as it grows, we do not show the exact size and shape of leaves and petals, as they would look if we laid them on paper and traced around them.

picturenounUS /ˈpɪktʃər/

a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface

From this reading In making a picture of a daisy as it grows, we do not show the exact size and shape of leaves and petals, as they would look if we laid them on paper and traced around them.

plantverbUS /plænt/

put or set (seeds, seedlings, or plants) into the ground

From this reading Such a drawing, while it might show certain facts of the plant, would not tell the truth about its appearance.

plantsnounUS /plænts/

plural of “plant” — buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading In your study of plants you found that the appearance of a leaf or flower depended upon its position.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading In your study of plants you found that the appearance of a leaf or flower depended upon its position.

shapenounUS /ʃeɪp/

any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline)

From this reading In making a picture of a daisy as it grows, we do not show the exact size and shape of leaves and petals, as they would look if we laid them on paper and traced around them.

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading In making a picture of a daisy as it grows, we do not show the exact size and shape of leaves and petals, as they would look if we laid them on paper and traced around them.

sizenounUS /saɪz/

the physical magnitude of something (how big it is)

From this reading In making a picture of a daisy as it grows, we do not show the exact size and shape of leaves and petals, as they would look if we laid them on paper and traced around them.

studynounUS /ˈstʌdi/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading In your study of plants you found that the appearance of a leaf or flower depended upon its position.

SuchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Such a drawing, while it might show certain facts of the plant, would not tell the truth about its appearance.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading Such a drawing, while it might show certain facts of the plant, would not tell the truth about its appearance.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In your study of plants you found that the appearance of a leaf or flower depended upon its position.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In your study of plants you found that the appearance of a leaf or flower depended upon its position.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading In making a picture of a daisy as it grows, we do not show the exact size and shape of leaves and petals, as they would look if we laid them on paper and traced around them.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In making a picture of a daisy as it grows, we do not show the exact size and shape of leaves and petals, as they would look if we laid them on paper and traced around them.

tracedverbUS /treɪst/

past form of “trace” — follow, discover, or ascertain the course of development of something

From this reading In making a picture of a daisy as it grows, we do not show the exact size and shape of leaves and petals, as they would look if we laid them on paper and traced around them.

truthnounUS /truːθ/

a fact that has been verified

From this reading Such a drawing, while it might show certain facts of the plant, would not tell the truth about its appearance.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading We know that our model has two eyes and two ears, and that the nose is in the middle of the face.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading In your study of plants you found that the appearance of a leaf or flower depended upon its position.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading In making a picture of a daisy as it grows, we do not show the exact size and shape of leaves and petals, as they would look if we laid them on paper and traced around them.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Such a drawing, while it might show certain facts of the plant, would not tell the truth about its appearance.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading In making a picture of a daisy as it grows, we do not show the exact size and shape of leaves and petals, as they would look if we laid them on paper and traced around them.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading In your study of plants you found that the appearance of a leaf or flower depended upon its position.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading In your study of plants you found that the appearance of a leaf or flower depended upon its position.

Chapter 2 of Text Books of Art Education, V. 4 of 7. Book IV, Fourth Year by Hugo B. Froehlich holds 399 sentences, grouped into 80 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Text Books of Art Education, V. 4 of 7. Book IV, Fourth Year contain?

Chapter 2 holds 399 sentences of Text Books of Art Education, V. 4 of 7. Book IV, Fourth Year, unabridged, divided into 80 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Text Books of Art Education, V. 4 of 7. Book IV, Fourth Year by Hugo B. Froehlich exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 399 sentences, grouped into 80 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Text Books of Art Education, V. 4 of 7. Book IV, Fourth Year?

Work through the 80 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 80 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Text Books of Art Education, V. 4 of 7. Book IV, Fourth Year

Common questions about reading Text Books of Art Education, V. 4 of 7. Book IV, Fourth Year by Hugo B. Froehlich on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 1193 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #38154 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Text Books of Art Education, V. 4 of 7. Book IV, Fourth Year is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #38154, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Text Books of Art Education, V. 4 of 7. Book IV, Fourth Year take to read?

About 99 minutes of reading across 239 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Text Books of Art Education, V. 4 of 7. Book IV, Fourth Year section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Text Books of Art Education, V. 4 of 7. Book IV, Fourth Year

Words and structures a reader meets early in Text Books of Art Education, V. 4 of 7. Book IV, Fourth Year, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

These
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Text Books of Art Education, V. 4 of 7. Book IV, Fourth Year; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Books
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Text Books of Art Education, V. 4 of 7. Book IV, Fourth Year; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Planned
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Text Books of Art Education, V. 4 of 7. Book IV, Fourth Year; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Series
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Text Books of Art Education, V. 4 of 7. Book IV, Fourth Year; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.