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Thackeray
Thackeray

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Thackeray is here in full — 226 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/45 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
ESMOND AND THE VIRGINIANS.
The novel with which we are now going to deal I regard as the greatest work that Thackeray did.
Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.
Much as I think of _Barry Lyndon_ and _Vanity Fair_, I cannot quite say this of them; but, as a chain is not stronger than its weakest link, so is a poet, or a dramatist, or a novelist to be placed in no lower level than that which he has attained by his highest sustained flight.
The excellence which has been reached here Thackeray achieved, without doubt, by giving a greater amount of forethought to the work he had before him than had been his wont.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Thackeray

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Thackeray is here in full — 226 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/45 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ESMOND AND THE VIRGINIANS.
Line 2
The novel with which we are now going to deal I regard as the greatest work that Thackeray did.
/ðə ˈnɑːvəl wɪð wɪtʃ wiː ɑːr naʊ ˈɡoʊɪŋ tuː diːl aɪ rɪˈɡɑːrd æz ðə ˈɡreɪtəst wɜːrk ðæt ˈθækəri dɪd/
Line 3
Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.
Line 4
Much as I think of _Barry Lyndon_ and _Vanity Fair_, I cannot quite say this of them; but, as a chain is not stronger than its weakest link, so is a poet, or a dramatist, or a novelist to be placed in no lower level than that which he has attained by his highest sustained flight.
Line 5
The excellence which has been reached here Thackeray achieved, without doubt, by giving a greater amount of forethought to the work he had before him than had been his wont.
/ðə ˈeksələns wɪtʃ hæz bɪn riːtʃt hiːr ˈθækəri əˈtʃiːvd wɪˈθaʊt daʊt baɪ ˈɡɪvɪŋ ə ˈɡreɪtər əˈmaʊnt ʌv ˈfɔːrθɔːt tuː ðə wɜːrk hiː hæd bɪˈfɔːr hɪm ðæn hæd bɪn hɪz woʊnt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

assigning noun US /əˈsaɪnɪŋ/

the act of distributing something to designated places or persons

From this reading “Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.”

dramatist noun US /ˈdrɑːmətɪst/

someone who writes plays

From this reading “Much as I think of _Barry Lyndon_ and _Vanity Fair_, I cannot quite say this of them; but, as a chain is not stronger than its weakest link, so is a poet, or a dramatist, or a novelist to be placed in no lower level than that which he has attained by his highest sustained flight.”

fictions noun US /ˈfɪkʃənz/

plural of “fiction” — a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact

From this reading “Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.”

forethought noun US /ˈfɔːrθɔːt/

planning or plotting in advance of acting

From this reading “The excellence which has been reached here Thackeray achieved, without doubt, by giving a greater amount of forethought to the work he had before him than had been his wont.”

novelists noun US /ˈnɑːvələsts/

plural of “novelist” — one who writes novels

From this reading “Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.”

Thackeray noun US /ˈθækəri/

English writer (born in India) (1811-1863)

From this reading “The novel with which we are now going to deal I regard as the greatest work that Thackeray did.”

virginians noun US /vərˈdʒɪnjənz/

plural of “virginian” — a native or resident of Virginia

From this reading “ESMOND AND THE VIRGINIANS.”

weakest adjective US /ˈwiːkəst/

superlative of “weak” — wanting in physical strength

From this reading “Much as I think of _Barry Lyndon_ and _Vanity Fair_, I cannot quite say this of them; but, as a chain is not stronger than its weakest link, so is a poet, or a dramatist, or a novelist to be placed in no lower level than that which he has attained by his highest sustained flight.”

All words in this reading · 109

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Much as I think of _Barry Lyndon_ and _Vanity Fair_, I cannot quite say this of them; but, as a chain is not stronger than its weakest link, so is a poet, or a dramatist, or a novelist to be placed in no lower level than that which he has attained by his highest sustained flight.

abstainverbUS /əbˈsteɪn/

refrain from voting

From this reading Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.

achievedverbUS /əˈtʃiːvd/

past form of “achieve” — to gain with effort

From this reading The excellence which has been reached here Thackeray achieved, without doubt, by giving a greater amount of forethought to the work he had before him than had been his wont.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.

amountnounUS /əˈmaʊnt/

a quantity of money

From this reading The excellence which has been reached here Thackeray achieved, without doubt, by giving a greater amount of forethought to the work he had before him than had been his wont.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading ESMOND AND THE VIRGINIANS.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The novel with which we are now going to deal I regard as the greatest work that Thackeray did.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The novel with which we are now going to deal I regard as the greatest work that Thackeray did.

assigningnounUS /əˈsaɪnɪŋ/

the act of distributing something to designated places or persons

From this reading Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.

attainedadjectiveUS /əˈteɪnd/

achieved or reached

From this reading Much as I think of _Barry Lyndon_ and _Vanity Fair_, I cannot quite say this of them; but, as a chain is not stronger than its weakest link, so is a poet, or a dramatist, or a novelist to be placed in no lower level than that which he has attained by his highest sustained flight.

Barry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Much as I think of _Barry Lyndon_ and _Vanity Fair_, I cannot quite say this of them; but, as a chain is not stronger than its weakest link, so is a poet, or a dramatist, or a novelist to be placed in no lower level than that which he has attained by his highest sustained flight.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Much as I think of _Barry Lyndon_ and _Vanity Fair_, I cannot quite say this of them; but, as a chain is not stronger than its weakest link, so is a poet, or a dramatist, or a novelist to be placed in no lower level than that which he has attained by his highest sustained flight.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The excellence which has been reached here Thackeray achieved, without doubt, by giving a greater amount of forethought to the work he had before him than had been his wont.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The excellence which has been reached here Thackeray achieved, without doubt, by giving a greater amount of forethought to the work he had before him than had been his wont.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Much as I think of _Barry Lyndon_ and _Vanity Fair_, I cannot quite say this of them; but, as a chain is not stronger than its weakest link, so is a poet, or a dramatist, or a novelist to be placed in no lower level than that which he has attained by his highest sustained flight.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Much as I think of _Barry Lyndon_ and _Vanity Fair_, I cannot quite say this of them; but, as a chain is not stronger than its weakest link, so is a poet, or a dramatist, or a novelist to be placed in no lower level than that which he has attained by his highest sustained flight.

chainnounUS /tʃeɪn/

a series of things depending on each other as if linked together

From this reading Much as I think of _Barry Lyndon_ and _Vanity Fair_, I cannot quite say this of them; but, as a chain is not stronger than its weakest link, so is a poet, or a dramatist, or a novelist to be placed in no lower level than that which he has attained by his highest sustained flight.

classnounUS /klæs/

a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.

compareverbUS /kəmˈper/

examine and note the similarities or differences of

From this reading Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.

comparisonnounUS /kəmˈperəsən/

the act of examining resemblances

From this reading Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.

dealverbUS /diːl/

act on verbally or in some form of artistic expression

From this reading The novel with which we are now going to deal I regard as the greatest work that Thackeray did.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading The novel with which we are now going to deal I regard as the greatest work that Thackeray did.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.

doubtnounUS /daʊt/

the state of being unsure of something

From this reading The excellence which has been reached here Thackeray achieved, without doubt, by giving a greater amount of forethought to the work he had before him than had been his wont.

dramatistnounUS /ˈdrɑːmətɪst/

someone who writes plays

From this reading Much as I think of _Barry Lyndon_ and _Vanity Fair_, I cannot quite say this of them; but, as a chain is not stronger than its weakest link, so is a poet, or a dramatist, or a novelist to be placed in no lower level than that which he has attained by his highest sustained flight.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.

ESMOND

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ESMOND AND THE VIRGINIANS.

excellencenounUS /ˈeksələns/

the quality of excelling; possessing good qualities in high degree

From this reading The excellence which has been reached here Thackeray achieved, without doubt, by giving a greater amount of forethought to the work he had before him than had been his wont.

FairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading Much as I think of _Barry Lyndon_ and _Vanity Fair_, I cannot quite say this of them; but, as a chain is not stronger than its weakest link, so is a poet, or a dramatist, or a novelist to be placed in no lower level than that which he has attained by his highest sustained flight.

fictionsnounUS /ˈfɪkʃənz/

plural of “fiction” — a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact

From this reading Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.

flightnounUS /flaɪt/

a formation of aircraft in flight

From this reading Much as I think of _Barry Lyndon_ and _Vanity Fair_, I cannot quite say this of them; but, as a chain is not stronger than its weakest link, so is a poet, or a dramatist, or a novelist to be placed in no lower level than that which he has attained by his highest sustained flight.

forethoughtnounUS /ˈfɔːrθɔːt/

planning or plotting in advance of acting

From this reading The excellence which has been reached here Thackeray achieved, without doubt, by giving a greater amount of forethought to the work he had before him than had been his wont.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.

givingnounUS /ˈɡɪvɪŋ/

the act of giving

From this reading The excellence which has been reached here Thackeray achieved, without doubt, by giving a greater amount of forethought to the work he had before him than had been his wont.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading The novel with which we are now going to deal I regard as the greatest work that Thackeray did.

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading The excellence which has been reached here Thackeray achieved, without doubt, by giving a greater amount of forethought to the work he had before him than had been his wont.

greatestadjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtəst/

highest in quality

From this reading The novel with which we are now going to deal I regard as the greatest work that Thackeray did.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The excellence which has been reached here Thackeray achieved, without doubt, by giving a greater amount of forethought to the work he had before him than had been his wont.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Much as I think of _Barry Lyndon_ and _Vanity Fair_, I cannot quite say this of them; but, as a chain is not stronger than its weakest link, so is a poet, or a dramatist, or a novelist to be placed in no lower level than that which he has attained by his highest sustained flight.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Much as I think of _Barry Lyndon_ and _Vanity Fair_, I cannot quite say this of them; but, as a chain is not stronger than its weakest link, so is a poet, or a dramatist, or a novelist to be placed in no lower level than that which he has attained by his highest sustained flight.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading The excellence which has been reached here Thackeray achieved, without doubt, by giving a greater amount of forethought to the work he had before him than had been his wont.

hesitateverbUS /ˈhezəteɪt/

pause or hold back in uncertainty or unwillingness

From this reading Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.

highestadjectiveUS /ˈhaɪəst/

superlative of “high” — greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Much as I think of _Barry Lyndon_ and _Vanity Fair_, I cannot quite say this of them; but, as a chain is not stronger than its weakest link, so is a poet, or a dramatist, or a novelist to be placed in no lower level than that which he has attained by his highest sustained flight.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading The novel with which we are now going to deal I regard as the greatest work that Thackeray did.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Much as I think of _Barry Lyndon_ and _Vanity Fair_, I cannot quite say this of them; but, as a chain is not stronger than its weakest link, so is a poet, or a dramatist, or a novelist to be placed in no lower level than that which he has attained by his highest sustained flight.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Much as I think of _Barry Lyndon_ and _Vanity Fair_, I cannot quite say this of them; but, as a chain is not stronger than its weakest link, so is a poet, or a dramatist, or a novelist to be placed in no lower level than that which he has attained by his highest sustained flight.

justifyverbUS /ˈdʒʌstəfaɪ/

show to be right by providing justification or proof

From this reading Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.

languagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.

levelnounUS /ˈlevəl/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading Much as I think of _Barry Lyndon_ and _Vanity Fair_, I cannot quite say this of them; but, as a chain is not stronger than its weakest link, so is a poet, or a dramatist, or a novelist to be placed in no lower level than that which he has attained by his highest sustained flight.

linkverbUS /lɪŋk/

make a logical or causal connection

From this reading Much as I think of _Barry Lyndon_ and _Vanity Fair_, I cannot quite say this of them; but, as a chain is not stronger than its weakest link, so is a poet, or a dramatist, or a novelist to be placed in no lower level than that which he has attained by his highest sustained flight.

lowerverbUS /ˈloʊər/

move something or somebody to a lower position

From this reading Much as I think of _Barry Lyndon_ and _Vanity Fair_, I cannot quite say this of them; but, as a chain is not stronger than its weakest link, so is a poet, or a dramatist, or a novelist to be placed in no lower level than that which he has attained by his highest sustained flight.

Lyndon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Much as I think of _Barry Lyndon_ and _Vanity Fair_, I cannot quite say this of them; but, as a chain is not stronger than its weakest link, so is a poet, or a dramatist, or a novelist to be placed in no lower level than that which he has attained by his highest sustained flight.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.

MuchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Much as I think of _Barry Lyndon_ and _Vanity Fair_, I cannot quite say this of them; but, as a chain is not stronger than its weakest link, so is a poet, or a dramatist, or a novelist to be placed in no lower level than that which he has attained by his highest sustained flight.

nichenounUS /nɪtʃ/

a position particularly well suited to the person who occupies it

From this reading Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.

novelnounUS /ˈnɑːvəl/

an extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story

From this reading The novel with which we are now going to deal I regard as the greatest work that Thackeray did.

novelistnounUS /ˈnɑːvələst/

one who writes novels

From this reading Much as I think of _Barry Lyndon_ and _Vanity Fair_, I cannot quite say this of them; but, as a chain is not stronger than its weakest link, so is a poet, or a dramatist, or a novelist to be placed in no lower level than that which he has attained by his highest sustained flight.

novelistsnounUS /ˈnɑːvələsts/

plural of “novelist” — one who writes novels

From this reading Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The novel with which we are now going to deal I regard as the greatest work that Thackeray did.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Much as I think of _Barry Lyndon_ and _Vanity Fair_, I cannot quite say this of them; but, as a chain is not stronger than its weakest link, so is a poet, or a dramatist, or a novelist to be placed in no lower level than that which he has attained by his highest sustained flight.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.

placedadjectiveUS /pleɪst/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading Much as I think of _Barry Lyndon_ and _Vanity Fair_, I cannot quite say this of them; but, as a chain is not stronger than its weakest link, so is a poet, or a dramatist, or a novelist to be placed in no lower level than that which he has attained by his highest sustained flight.

placingverbUS /ˈpleɪsɪŋ/

-ing form of “place” — put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.

poetnounUS /ˈpoʊət/

a writer of poems (the term is usually reserved for writers of good poetry)

From this reading Much as I think of _Barry Lyndon_ and _Vanity Fair_, I cannot quite say this of them; but, as a chain is not stronger than its weakest link, so is a poet, or a dramatist, or a novelist to be placed in no lower level than that which he has attained by his highest sustained flight.

prosenounUS /proʊz/

ordinary writing as distinguished from verse

From this reading Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading Much as I think of _Barry Lyndon_ and _Vanity Fair_, I cannot quite say this of them; but, as a chain is not stronger than its weakest link, so is a poet, or a dramatist, or a novelist to be placed in no lower level than that which he has attained by his highest sustained flight.

ranknounUS /ræŋk/

a row or line of people (especially soldiers or police) standing abreast of one another

From this reading Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading The excellence which has been reached here Thackeray achieved, without doubt, by giving a greater amount of forethought to the work he had before him than had been his wont.

regardnounUS /rɪˈɡɑːrd/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading The novel with which we are now going to deal I regard as the greatest work that Thackeray did.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading Much as I think of _Barry Lyndon_ and _Vanity Fair_, I cannot quite say this of them; but, as a chain is not stronger than its weakest link, so is a poet, or a dramatist, or a novelist to be placed in no lower level than that which he has attained by his highest sustained flight.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.

specialadjectiveUS /ˈspeʃəl/

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.

strongeradjectiveUS /ˈstrɔːŋər/

comparative of “strong” — having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading Much as I think of _Barry Lyndon_ and _Vanity Fair_, I cannot quite say this of them; but, as a chain is not stronger than its weakest link, so is a poet, or a dramatist, or a novelist to be placed in no lower level than that which he has attained by his highest sustained flight.

sustainedadjectiveUS /səˈsteɪnd/

maintained at length without interruption or weakening

From this reading Much as I think of _Barry Lyndon_ and _Vanity Fair_, I cannot quite say this of them; but, as a chain is not stronger than its weakest link, so is a poet, or a dramatist, or a novelist to be placed in no lower level than that which he has attained by his highest sustained flight.

ThackeraynounUS /ˈθækəri/

English writer (born in India) (1811-1863)

From this reading The novel with which we are now going to deal I regard as the greatest work that Thackeray did.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Much as I think of _Barry Lyndon_ and _Vanity Fair_, I cannot quite say this of them; but, as a chain is not stronger than its weakest link, so is a poet, or a dramatist, or a novelist to be placed in no lower level than that which he has attained by his highest sustained flight.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The novel with which we are now going to deal I regard as the greatest work that Thackeray did.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ESMOND AND THE VIRGINIANS.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Much as I think of _Barry Lyndon_ and _Vanity Fair_, I cannot quite say this of them; but, as a chain is not stronger than its weakest link, so is a poet, or a dramatist, or a novelist to be placed in no lower level than that which he has attained by his highest sustained flight.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading Much as I think of _Barry Lyndon_ and _Vanity Fair_, I cannot quite say this of them; but, as a chain is not stronger than its weakest link, so is a poet, or a dramatist, or a novelist to be placed in no lower level than that which he has attained by his highest sustained flight.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Much as I think of _Barry Lyndon_ and _Vanity Fair_, I cannot quite say this of them; but, as a chain is not stronger than its weakest link, so is a poet, or a dramatist, or a novelist to be placed in no lower level than that which he has attained by his highest sustained flight.

ThoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The novel with which we are now going to deal I regard as the greatest work that Thackeray did.

VanitynounUS /ˈvænəti/

feelings of excessive pride

From this reading Much as I think of _Barry Lyndon_ and _Vanity Fair_, I cannot quite say this of them; but, as a chain is not stronger than its weakest link, so is a poet, or a dramatist, or a novelist to be placed in no lower level than that which he has attained by his highest sustained flight.

VIRGINIANSnounUS /vərˈdʒɪnjənz/

plural of “virginian” — a native or resident of Virginia

From this reading ESMOND AND THE VIRGINIANS.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The novel with which we are now going to deal I regard as the greatest work that Thackeray did.

weakestadjectiveUS /ˈwiːkəst/

superlative of “weak” — wanting in physical strength

From this reading Much as I think of _Barry Lyndon_ and _Vanity Fair_, I cannot quite say this of them; but, as a chain is not stronger than its weakest link, so is a poet, or a dramatist, or a novelist to be placed in no lower level than that which he has attained by his highest sustained flight.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The novel with which we are now going to deal I regard as the greatest work that Thackeray did.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Though I do not hesitate to compare himself with himself, I will make no comparison between him and others; I therefore abstain from assigning to _Esmond_ any special niche among prose fictions in the English language, but I rank it so high as to justify me in placing him among the small number of the highest class of English novelists.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The novel with which we are now going to deal I regard as the greatest work that Thackeray did.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading The excellence which has been reached here Thackeray achieved, without doubt, by giving a greater amount of forethought to the work he had before him than had been his wont.

wontnounUS /woʊnt/

an established custom

From this reading The excellence which has been reached here Thackeray achieved, without doubt, by giving a greater amount of forethought to the work he had before him than had been his wont.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading The novel with which we are now going to deal I regard as the greatest work that Thackeray did.

Chapter 4 of Thackeray by Anthony Trollope holds 226 sentences, grouped into 46 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Thackeray contain?

Chapter 4 holds 226 sentences of Thackeray, unabridged, divided into 46 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Thackeray by Anthony Trollope exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 226 sentences, grouped into 46 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Thackeray?

Work through the 46 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 46 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Thackeray

Common questions about reading Thackeray by Anthony Trollope on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Thackeray?

Yes. All 2072 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #18645 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Thackeray is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #18645, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Thackeray take to read?

About 172 minutes of reading across 415 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Thackeray section by section

How to work through Thackeray section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of Thackeray to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Thackeray

Words and structures a reader meets early in Thackeray, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Fraser's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Thackeray; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Magazine
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Thackeray; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Punch
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Thackeray; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Thackeray
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Thackeray; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.