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Thaddeus of Warsaw
Thaddeus of Warsaw

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Thaddeus of Warsaw is here in full — 156 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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THE LAST DAYS OF VILLANOW.
At a time when the effects of these sufferings and fatigues had brought his bodily strength to its lowest ebb, the young Count Sobieski was roused by information that the Russians had planted themselves before Praga, and were preparing to bombard the town.
The intelligence nerved his heart's sinews again, and rallied the spirits, also, of his depressed soldiers, who energetically obeyed their commander to put themselves in readiness to march at set of sun.
Thaddeus saw that the decisive hour was pending.
And as the moon rose, though hardly able to sit his noble charger, he refused the indulgence of a litter, determining that no illness, while he had any power to master its disabilities, should make him recede from his duty.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Thaddeus of Warsaw

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Thaddeus of Warsaw is here in full — 156 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/31 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE LAST DAYS OF VILLANOW.
Line 2
At a time when the effects of these sufferings and fatigues had brought his bodily strength to its lowest ebb, the young Count Sobieski was roused by information that the Russians had planted themselves before Praga, and were preparing to bombard the town.
Line 3
The intelligence nerved his heart's sinews again, and rallied the spirits, also, of his depressed soldiers, who energetically obeyed their commander to put themselves in readiness to march at set of sun.
Line 4
Thaddeus saw that the decisive hour was pending.
Line 5
And as the moon rose, though hardly able to sit his noble charger, he refused the indulgence of a litter, determining that no illness, while he had any power to master its disabilities, should make him recede from his duty.
/ənd æz ðə muːn roʊz ðoʊ ˈhɑːrdli ˈeɪbəl tuː sɪt hɪz ˈnoʊbəl ˈtʃɑːrdʒər hiː rəˈfjuːzd ðə ˌɪnˈdʌldʒəns ʌv ə ˈlɪtər dɪˈtɜːrmənɪŋ ðæt noʊ ˈɪlnəs waɪl hiː hæd ˈeni ˈpaʊər tuː ˈmæstər ɪts dɪsəˈbɪlətiz ʃʊd meɪk hɪm rɪˈsiːd frʌm hɪz ˈduːti/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bombard verb US /bɑːmˈbɑːrd/

cast, hurl, or throw repeatedly with some missile

From this reading “At a time when the effects of these sufferings and fatigues had brought his bodily strength to its lowest ebb, the young Count Sobieski was roused by information that the Russians had planted themselves before Praga, and were preparing to bombard the town.”

charger noun US /ˈtʃɑːrdʒər/

formerly a strong swift horse ridden into battle

From this reading “And as the moon rose, though hardly able to sit his noble charger, he refused the indulgence of a litter, determining that no illness, while he had any power to master its disabilities, should make him recede from his duty.”

determining adjective US /dɪˈtɜːrmənɪŋ/

having the power or quality of deciding

From this reading “And as the moon rose, though hardly able to sit his noble charger, he refused the indulgence of a litter, determining that no illness, while he had any power to master its disabilities, should make him recede from his duty.”

disabilities noun US /dɪsəˈbɪlətiz/

plural of “disability” — the condition of being unable to perform as a consequence of physical or mental unfitness

From this reading “And as the moon rose, though hardly able to sit his noble charger, he refused the indulgence of a litter, determining that no illness, while he had any power to master its disabilities, should make him recede from his duty.”

energetically adverb US /ˌenərˈdʒetɪkli/

in an energetic manner

From this reading “The intelligence nerved his heart's sinews again, and rallied the spirits, also, of his depressed soldiers, who energetically obeyed their commander to put themselves in readiness to march at set of sun.”

fatigues noun US /fəˈtiːɡz/

military uniform worn by military personnel when doing menial labor

From this reading “At a time when the effects of these sufferings and fatigues had brought his bodily strength to its lowest ebb, the young Count Sobieski was roused by information that the Russians had planted themselves before Praga, and were preparing to bombard the town.”

pending adjective US /ˈpendɪŋ/

awaiting conclusion or confirmation

From this reading “Thaddeus saw that the decisive hour was pending.”

recede verb US /rɪˈsiːd/

pull back or move away or backward

From this reading “And as the moon rose, though hardly able to sit his noble charger, he refused the indulgence of a litter, determining that no illness, while he had any power to master its disabilities, should make him recede from his duty.”

All words in this reading · 93

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading At a time when the effects of these sufferings and fatigues had brought his bodily strength to its lowest ebb, the young Count Sobieski was roused by information that the Russians had planted themselves before Praga, and were preparing to bombard the town.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading And as the moon rose, though hardly able to sit his noble charger, he refused the indulgence of a litter, determining that no illness, while he had any power to master its disabilities, should make him recede from his duty.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading The intelligence nerved his heart's sinews again, and rallied the spirits, also, of his depressed soldiers, who energetically obeyed their commander to put themselves in readiness to march at set of sun.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading The intelligence nerved his heart's sinews again, and rallied the spirits, also, of his depressed soldiers, who energetically obeyed their commander to put themselves in readiness to march at set of sun.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading At a time when the effects of these sufferings and fatigues had brought his bodily strength to its lowest ebb, the young Count Sobieski was roused by information that the Russians had planted themselves before Praga, and were preparing to bombard the town.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading And as the moon rose, though hardly able to sit his noble charger, he refused the indulgence of a litter, determining that no illness, while he had any power to master its disabilities, should make him recede from his duty.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading And as the moon rose, though hardly able to sit his noble charger, he refused the indulgence of a litter, determining that no illness, while he had any power to master its disabilities, should make him recede from his duty.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At a time when the effects of these sufferings and fatigues had brought his bodily strength to its lowest ebb, the young Count Sobieski was roused by information that the Russians had planted themselves before Praga, and were preparing to bombard the town.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading At a time when the effects of these sufferings and fatigues had brought his bodily strength to its lowest ebb, the young Count Sobieski was roused by information that the Russians had planted themselves before Praga, and were preparing to bombard the town.

bodilyadverbUS /ˈbɑːdəli/

in bodily form

From this reading At a time when the effects of these sufferings and fatigues had brought his bodily strength to its lowest ebb, the young Count Sobieski was roused by information that the Russians had planted themselves before Praga, and were preparing to bombard the town.

bombardverbUS /bɑːmˈbɑːrd/

cast, hurl, or throw repeatedly with some missile

From this reading At a time when the effects of these sufferings and fatigues had brought his bodily strength to its lowest ebb, the young Count Sobieski was roused by information that the Russians had planted themselves before Praga, and were preparing to bombard the town.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading At a time when the effects of these sufferings and fatigues had brought his bodily strength to its lowest ebb, the young Count Sobieski was roused by information that the Russians had planted themselves before Praga, and were preparing to bombard the town.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading At a time when the effects of these sufferings and fatigues had brought his bodily strength to its lowest ebb, the young Count Sobieski was roused by information that the Russians had planted themselves before Praga, and were preparing to bombard the town.

chargernounUS /ˈtʃɑːrdʒər/

formerly a strong swift horse ridden into battle

From this reading And as the moon rose, though hardly able to sit his noble charger, he refused the indulgence of a litter, determining that no illness, while he had any power to master its disabilities, should make him recede from his duty.

commandernounUS /kəˈmændər/

an officer in command of a military unit

From this reading The intelligence nerved his heart's sinews again, and rallied the spirits, also, of his depressed soldiers, who energetically obeyed their commander to put themselves in readiness to march at set of sun.

CountverbUS /kaʊnt/

determine the number or amount of

From this reading At a time when the effects of these sufferings and fatigues had brought his bodily strength to its lowest ebb, the young Count Sobieski was roused by information that the Russians had planted themselves before Praga, and were preparing to bombard the town.

DAYSnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading THE LAST DAYS OF VILLANOW.

decisiveadjectiveUS /dɪˈsaɪsɪv/

determining or having the power to determine an outcome

From this reading Thaddeus saw that the decisive hour was pending.

depressedadjectiveUS /dɪˈprest/

lower than previously

From this reading The intelligence nerved his heart's sinews again, and rallied the spirits, also, of his depressed soldiers, who energetically obeyed their commander to put themselves in readiness to march at set of sun.

determiningadjectiveUS /dɪˈtɜːrmənɪŋ/

having the power or quality of deciding

From this reading And as the moon rose, though hardly able to sit his noble charger, he refused the indulgence of a litter, determining that no illness, while he had any power to master its disabilities, should make him recede from his duty.

disabilitiesnounUS /dɪsəˈbɪlətiz/

plural of “disability” — the condition of being unable to perform as a consequence of physical or mental unfitness

From this reading And as the moon rose, though hardly able to sit his noble charger, he refused the indulgence of a litter, determining that no illness, while he had any power to master its disabilities, should make him recede from his duty.

dutynounUS /ˈduːti/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading And as the moon rose, though hardly able to sit his noble charger, he refused the indulgence of a litter, determining that no illness, while he had any power to master its disabilities, should make him recede from his duty.

ebbverbUS /eb/

flow back or recede

From this reading At a time when the effects of these sufferings and fatigues had brought his bodily strength to its lowest ebb, the young Count Sobieski was roused by information that the Russians had planted themselves before Praga, and were preparing to bombard the town.

effectsnounUS /ɪˈfekts/

property of a personal character that is portable but not used in business

From this reading At a time when the effects of these sufferings and fatigues had brought his bodily strength to its lowest ebb, the young Count Sobieski was roused by information that the Russians had planted themselves before Praga, and were preparing to bombard the town.

energeticallyadverbUS /ˌenərˈdʒetɪkli/

in an energetic manner

From this reading The intelligence nerved his heart's sinews again, and rallied the spirits, also, of his depressed soldiers, who energetically obeyed their commander to put themselves in readiness to march at set of sun.

fatiguesnounUS /fəˈtiːɡz/

military uniform worn by military personnel when doing menial labor

From this reading At a time when the effects of these sufferings and fatigues had brought his bodily strength to its lowest ebb, the young Count Sobieski was roused by information that the Russians had planted themselves before Praga, and were preparing to bombard the town.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading And as the moon rose, though hardly able to sit his noble charger, he refused the indulgence of a litter, determining that no illness, while he had any power to master its disabilities, should make him recede from his duty.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading At a time when the effects of these sufferings and fatigues had brought his bodily strength to its lowest ebb, the young Count Sobieski was roused by information that the Russians had planted themselves before Praga, and were preparing to bombard the town.

hardlyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdli/

only a very short time before

From this reading And as the moon rose, though hardly able to sit his noble charger, he refused the indulgence of a litter, determining that no illness, while he had any power to master its disabilities, should make him recede from his duty.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading And as the moon rose, though hardly able to sit his noble charger, he refused the indulgence of a litter, determining that no illness, while he had any power to master its disabilities, should make him recede from his duty.

heart'snounUS /hɑːrts/

possessive form of “heart” — the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading The intelligence nerved his heart's sinews again, and rallied the spirits, also, of his depressed soldiers, who energetically obeyed their commander to put themselves in readiness to march at set of sun.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading And as the moon rose, though hardly able to sit his noble charger, he refused the indulgence of a litter, determining that no illness, while he had any power to master its disabilities, should make him recede from his duty.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading At a time when the effects of these sufferings and fatigues had brought his bodily strength to its lowest ebb, the young Count Sobieski was roused by information that the Russians had planted themselves before Praga, and were preparing to bombard the town.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading Thaddeus saw that the decisive hour was pending.

illnessnounUS /ˈɪlnəs/

impairment of normal physiological function affecting part or all of an organism

From this reading And as the moon rose, though hardly able to sit his noble charger, he refused the indulgence of a litter, determining that no illness, while he had any power to master its disabilities, should make him recede from his duty.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The intelligence nerved his heart's sinews again, and rallied the spirits, also, of his depressed soldiers, who energetically obeyed their commander to put themselves in readiness to march at set of sun.

indulgencenounUS /ˌɪnˈdʌldʒəns/

an inability to resist the gratification of whims and desires

From this reading And as the moon rose, though hardly able to sit his noble charger, he refused the indulgence of a litter, determining that no illness, while he had any power to master its disabilities, should make him recede from his duty.

informationnounUS /ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃən/

a message received and understood

From this reading At a time when the effects of these sufferings and fatigues had brought his bodily strength to its lowest ebb, the young Count Sobieski was roused by information that the Russians had planted themselves before Praga, and were preparing to bombard the town.

intelligencenounUS /ˌɪnˈtelədʒəns/

the ability to comprehend; to understand and profit from experience

From this reading The intelligence nerved his heart's sinews again, and rallied the spirits, also, of his depressed soldiers, who energetically obeyed their commander to put themselves in readiness to march at set of sun.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading At a time when the effects of these sufferings and fatigues had brought his bodily strength to its lowest ebb, the young Count Sobieski was roused by information that the Russians had planted themselves before Praga, and were preparing to bombard the town.

LASTadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading THE LAST DAYS OF VILLANOW.

litternounUS /ˈlɪtər/

the offspring at one birth of a multiparous mammal

From this reading And as the moon rose, though hardly able to sit his noble charger, he refused the indulgence of a litter, determining that no illness, while he had any power to master its disabilities, should make him recede from his duty.

lowestadjectiveUS /ˈloʊəst/

lowest in rank or importance

From this reading At a time when the effects of these sufferings and fatigues had brought his bodily strength to its lowest ebb, the young Count Sobieski was roused by information that the Russians had planted themselves before Praga, and were preparing to bombard the town.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading And as the moon rose, though hardly able to sit his noble charger, he refused the indulgence of a litter, determining that no illness, while he had any power to master its disabilities, should make him recede from his duty.

marchverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading The intelligence nerved his heart's sinews again, and rallied the spirits, also, of his depressed soldiers, who energetically obeyed their commander to put themselves in readiness to march at set of sun.

masternounUS /ˈmæstər/

an artist of consummate skill

From this reading And as the moon rose, though hardly able to sit his noble charger, he refused the indulgence of a litter, determining that no illness, while he had any power to master its disabilities, should make him recede from his duty.

moonnounUS /muːn/

the natural satellite of the Earth

From this reading And as the moon rose, though hardly able to sit his noble charger, he refused the indulgence of a litter, determining that no illness, while he had any power to master its disabilities, should make him recede from his duty.

nerved

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The intelligence nerved his heart's sinews again, and rallied the spirits, also, of his depressed soldiers, who energetically obeyed their commander to put themselves in readiness to march at set of sun.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading And as the moon rose, though hardly able to sit his noble charger, he refused the indulgence of a litter, determining that no illness, while he had any power to master its disabilities, should make him recede from his duty.

nobleadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊbəl/

impressive in appearance

From this reading And as the moon rose, though hardly able to sit his noble charger, he refused the indulgence of a litter, determining that no illness, while he had any power to master its disabilities, should make him recede from his duty.

obeyedverbUS /oʊˈbeɪd/

past form of “obey” — be obedient to

From this reading The intelligence nerved his heart's sinews again, and rallied the spirits, also, of his depressed soldiers, who energetically obeyed their commander to put themselves in readiness to march at set of sun.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE LAST DAYS OF VILLANOW.

pendingadjectiveUS /ˈpendɪŋ/

awaiting conclusion or confirmation

From this reading Thaddeus saw that the decisive hour was pending.

plantedadjectiveUS /ˈplæntɪd/

(used especially of ideas or principles) deeply rooted; firmly fixed or held

From this reading At a time when the effects of these sufferings and fatigues had brought his bodily strength to its lowest ebb, the young Count Sobieski was roused by information that the Russians had planted themselves before Praga, and were preparing to bombard the town.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading And as the moon rose, though hardly able to sit his noble charger, he refused the indulgence of a litter, determining that no illness, while he had any power to master its disabilities, should make him recede from his duty.

Praga

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At a time when the effects of these sufferings and fatigues had brought his bodily strength to its lowest ebb, the young Count Sobieski was roused by information that the Russians had planted themselves before Praga, and were preparing to bombard the town.

preparingverbUS /priˈperɪŋ/

-ing form of “prepare” — make ready or suitable or equip in advance for a particular purpose or for some use, event, etc

From this reading At a time when the effects of these sufferings and fatigues had brought his bodily strength to its lowest ebb, the young Count Sobieski was roused by information that the Russians had planted themselves before Praga, and were preparing to bombard the town.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The intelligence nerved his heart's sinews again, and rallied the spirits, also, of his depressed soldiers, who energetically obeyed their commander to put themselves in readiness to march at set of sun.

ralliedverbUS /ˈrælid/

inflected form of “rally” — gather

From this reading The intelligence nerved his heart's sinews again, and rallied the spirits, also, of his depressed soldiers, who energetically obeyed their commander to put themselves in readiness to march at set of sun.

readinessnounUS /ˈredinəs/

the state of having been made ready or prepared for use or action (especially military action)

From this reading The intelligence nerved his heart's sinews again, and rallied the spirits, also, of his depressed soldiers, who energetically obeyed their commander to put themselves in readiness to march at set of sun.

recedeverbUS /rɪˈsiːd/

pull back or move away or backward

From this reading And as the moon rose, though hardly able to sit his noble charger, he refused the indulgence of a litter, determining that no illness, while he had any power to master its disabilities, should make him recede from his duty.

refusedverbUS /rəˈfjuːzd/

past form of “refuse” — show unwillingness towards

From this reading And as the moon rose, though hardly able to sit his noble charger, he refused the indulgence of a litter, determining that no illness, while he had any power to master its disabilities, should make him recede from his duty.

rosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading And as the moon rose, though hardly able to sit his noble charger, he refused the indulgence of a litter, determining that no illness, while he had any power to master its disabilities, should make him recede from his duty.

rousedverbUS /raʊzd/

past form of “rouse” — become active

From this reading At a time when the effects of these sufferings and fatigues had brought his bodily strength to its lowest ebb, the young Count Sobieski was roused by information that the Russians had planted themselves before Praga, and were preparing to bombard the town.

RussiansnounUS /ˈrʌʃənz/

plural of “russian” — a native or inhabitant of Russia

From this reading At a time when the effects of these sufferings and fatigues had brought his bodily strength to its lowest ebb, the young Count Sobieski was roused by information that the Russians had planted themselves before Praga, and were preparing to bombard the town.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading Thaddeus saw that the decisive hour was pending.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The intelligence nerved his heart's sinews again, and rallied the spirits, also, of his depressed soldiers, who energetically obeyed their commander to put themselves in readiness to march at set of sun.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading And as the moon rose, though hardly able to sit his noble charger, he refused the indulgence of a litter, determining that no illness, while he had any power to master its disabilities, should make him recede from his duty.

sinews

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The intelligence nerved his heart's sinews again, and rallied the spirits, also, of his depressed soldiers, who energetically obeyed their commander to put themselves in readiness to march at set of sun.

sitverbUS /sɪt/

be seated

From this reading And as the moon rose, though hardly able to sit his noble charger, he refused the indulgence of a litter, determining that no illness, while he had any power to master its disabilities, should make him recede from his duty.

Sobieski

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At a time when the effects of these sufferings and fatigues had brought his bodily strength to its lowest ebb, the young Count Sobieski was roused by information that the Russians had planted themselves before Praga, and were preparing to bombard the town.

soldiersnounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading The intelligence nerved his heart's sinews again, and rallied the spirits, also, of his depressed soldiers, who energetically obeyed their commander to put themselves in readiness to march at set of sun.

spiritsnounUS /ˈspɪrɪts/

an alcoholic beverage that is distilled rather than fermented

From this reading The intelligence nerved his heart's sinews again, and rallied the spirits, also, of his depressed soldiers, who energetically obeyed their commander to put themselves in readiness to march at set of sun.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading At a time when the effects of these sufferings and fatigues had brought his bodily strength to its lowest ebb, the young Count Sobieski was roused by information that the Russians had planted themselves before Praga, and were preparing to bombard the town.

sufferingsnounUS /ˈsʌfərɪŋz/

plural of “suffering” — a state of acute pain

From this reading At a time when the effects of these sufferings and fatigues had brought his bodily strength to its lowest ebb, the young Count Sobieski was roused by information that the Russians had planted themselves before Praga, and were preparing to bombard the town.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading The intelligence nerved his heart's sinews again, and rallied the spirits, also, of his depressed soldiers, who energetically obeyed their commander to put themselves in readiness to march at set of sun.

Thaddeus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thaddeus saw that the decisive hour was pending.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading At a time when the effects of these sufferings and fatigues had brought his bodily strength to its lowest ebb, the young Count Sobieski was roused by information that the Russians had planted themselves before Praga, and were preparing to bombard the town.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE LAST DAYS OF VILLANOW.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The intelligence nerved his heart's sinews again, and rallied the spirits, also, of his depressed soldiers, who energetically obeyed their commander to put themselves in readiness to march at set of sun.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading At a time when the effects of these sufferings and fatigues had brought his bodily strength to its lowest ebb, the young Count Sobieski was roused by information that the Russians had planted themselves before Praga, and were preparing to bombard the town.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading At a time when the effects of these sufferings and fatigues had brought his bodily strength to its lowest ebb, the young Count Sobieski was roused by information that the Russians had planted themselves before Praga, and were preparing to bombard the town.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading And as the moon rose, though hardly able to sit his noble charger, he refused the indulgence of a litter, determining that no illness, while he had any power to master its disabilities, should make him recede from his duty.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading At a time when the effects of these sufferings and fatigues had brought his bodily strength to its lowest ebb, the young Count Sobieski was roused by information that the Russians had planted themselves before Praga, and were preparing to bombard the town.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading At a time when the effects of these sufferings and fatigues had brought his bodily strength to its lowest ebb, the young Count Sobieski was roused by information that the Russians had planted themselves before Praga, and were preparing to bombard the town.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading At a time when the effects of these sufferings and fatigues had brought his bodily strength to its lowest ebb, the young Count Sobieski was roused by information that the Russians had planted themselves before Praga, and were preparing to bombard the town.

VILLANOW

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LAST DAYS OF VILLANOW.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading At a time when the effects of these sufferings and fatigues had brought his bodily strength to its lowest ebb, the young Count Sobieski was roused by information that the Russians had planted themselves before Praga, and were preparing to bombard the town.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading At a time when the effects of these sufferings and fatigues had brought his bodily strength to its lowest ebb, the young Count Sobieski was roused by information that the Russians had planted themselves before Praga, and were preparing to bombard the town.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading At a time when the effects of these sufferings and fatigues had brought his bodily strength to its lowest ebb, the young Count Sobieski was roused by information that the Russians had planted themselves before Praga, and were preparing to bombard the town.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading And as the moon rose, though hardly able to sit his noble charger, he refused the indulgence of a litter, determining that no illness, while he had any power to master its disabilities, should make him recede from his duty.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The intelligence nerved his heart's sinews again, and rallied the spirits, also, of his depressed soldiers, who energetically obeyed their commander to put themselves in readiness to march at set of sun.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading At a time when the effects of these sufferings and fatigues had brought his bodily strength to its lowest ebb, the young Count Sobieski was roused by information that the Russians had planted themselves before Praga, and were preparing to bombard the town.

Chapter 7 of Thaddeus of Warsaw by Jane Porter holds 156 sentences, grouped into 32 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Thaddeus of Warsaw contain?

Chapter 7 holds 156 sentences of Thaddeus of Warsaw, unabridged, divided into 32 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Thaddeus of Warsaw by Jane Porter exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 156 sentences, grouped into 32 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Thaddeus of Warsaw?

Work through the 32 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 32 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Thaddeus of Warsaw

Common questions about reading Thaddeus of Warsaw by Jane Porter on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Thaddeus of Warsaw?

Yes. All 7267 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6566 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Thaddeus of Warsaw is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #6566, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Thaddeus of Warsaw take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1454 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Thaddeus of Warsaw section by section

How to work through Thaddeus of Warsaw section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Thaddeus of Warsaw to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Thaddeus of Warsaw

Words and structures a reader meets early in Thaddeus of Warsaw, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Large
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Thaddeus of Warsaw; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Magnificent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Thaddeus of Warsaw; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Palace
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Thaddeus of Warsaw; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Villanow
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Thaddeus of Warsaw; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.