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Thaddeus of Warsaw
Thaddeus of Warsaw

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of Thaddeus of Warsaw is here in full — 212 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/42 · 5 lines
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THADDEUS'S FIRST DAY IN ENGLAND.
When he awoke in the morning, his head ached, and he felt as unrefreshed as when he had lain down; he undrew the curtain, and saw, from the strength of the light, it must be midday.
He got up; and having dressed himself, descended to the sitting-room, where he found a good fire and the breakfast already placed.
He rang the bell, and walked to the window, to observe the appearance of the morning.
A heavy snow had fallen during the night; and the sun, ascended to its meridian, shone through the thick atmosphere like a ball of fire.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Thaddeus of Warsaw

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of Thaddeus of Warsaw is here in full — 212 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/42 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THADDEUS'S FIRST DAY IN ENGLAND.
Line 2
When he awoke in the morning, his head ached, and he felt as unrefreshed as when he had lain down; he undrew the curtain, and saw, from the strength of the light, it must be midday.
Line 3
He got up; and having dressed himself, descended to the sitting-room, where he found a good fire and the breakfast already placed.
Line 4
He rang the bell, and walked to the window, to observe the appearance of the morning.
/hiː ræŋ ðə bel ənd wɔːkt tuː ðə ˈwɪndoʊ tuː əbˈzɜːrv ðə əˈpɪrəns ʌv ðə ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/
Line 5
A heavy snow had fallen during the night; and the sun, ascended to its meridian, shone through the thick atmosphere like a ball of fire.
/ə ˈhevi snoʊ hæd ˈfɑːlən ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə naɪt ənd ðə sʌn əˈsendɪd tuː ɪts mərˈɪdiən ʃoʊn θruː ðə θɪk ˈætməsfɪr laɪk ə bɔːl ʌv ˈfaɪər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ached verb US /eɪkt/

past form of “ache” — feel physical pain

From this reading “When he awoke in the morning, his head ached, and he felt as unrefreshed as when he had lain down; he undrew the curtain, and saw, from the strength of the light, it must be midday.”

ascended verb US /əˈsendɪd/

past form of “ascend” — travel up

From this reading “A heavy snow had fallen during the night; and the sun, ascended to its meridian, shone through the thick atmosphere like a ball of fire.”

atmosphere noun US /ˈætməsfɪr/

a particular environment or surrounding influence

From this reading “A heavy snow had fallen during the night; and the sun, ascended to its meridian, shone through the thick atmosphere like a ball of fire.”

awoke verb US /əˈwoʊk/

inflected form of “awake” — stop sleeping

From this reading “When he awoke in the morning, his head ached, and he felt as unrefreshed as when he had lain down; he undrew the curtain, and saw, from the strength of the light, it must be midday.”

curtain noun US /ˈkɜːrtən/

hanging cloth used as a blind (especially for a window)

From this reading “When he awoke in the morning, his head ached, and he felt as unrefreshed as when he had lain down; he undrew the curtain, and saw, from the strength of the light, it must be midday.”

lain verb US /leɪn/

inflected form of “lie” — be located or situated somewhere; occupy a certain position

From this reading “When he awoke in the morning, his head ached, and he felt as unrefreshed as when he had lain down; he undrew the curtain, and saw, from the strength of the light, it must be midday.”

meridian noun US /mərˈɪdiən/

the highest level or degree attainable; the highest stage of development

From this reading “A heavy snow had fallen during the night; and the sun, ascended to its meridian, shone through the thick atmosphere like a ball of fire.”

midday noun US /ˈmɪddeɪ/

the middle of the day

From this reading “When he awoke in the morning, his head ached, and he felt as unrefreshed as when he had lain down; he undrew the curtain, and saw, from the strength of the light, it must be midday.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He got up; and having dressed himself, descended to the sitting-room, where he found a good fire and the breakfast already placed.

achedverbUS /eɪkt/

past form of “ache” — feel physical pain

From this reading When he awoke in the morning, his head ached, and he felt as unrefreshed as when he had lain down; he undrew the curtain, and saw, from the strength of the light, it must be midday.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading He got up; and having dressed himself, descended to the sitting-room, where he found a good fire and the breakfast already placed.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading When he awoke in the morning, his head ached, and he felt as unrefreshed as when he had lain down; he undrew the curtain, and saw, from the strength of the light, it must be midday.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading He rang the bell, and walked to the window, to observe the appearance of the morning.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading When he awoke in the morning, his head ached, and he felt as unrefreshed as when he had lain down; he undrew the curtain, and saw, from the strength of the light, it must be midday.

ascendedverbUS /əˈsendɪd/

past form of “ascend” — travel up

From this reading A heavy snow had fallen during the night; and the sun, ascended to its meridian, shone through the thick atmosphere like a ball of fire.

atmospherenounUS /ˈætməsfɪr/

a particular environment or surrounding influence

From this reading A heavy snow had fallen during the night; and the sun, ascended to its meridian, shone through the thick atmosphere like a ball of fire.

awokeverbUS /əˈwoʊk/

inflected form of “awake” — stop sleeping

From this reading When he awoke in the morning, his head ached, and he felt as unrefreshed as when he had lain down; he undrew the curtain, and saw, from the strength of the light, it must be midday.

ballnounUS /bɔːl/

round object that is hit or thrown or kicked in games

From this reading A heavy snow had fallen during the night; and the sun, ascended to its meridian, shone through the thick atmosphere like a ball of fire.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading When he awoke in the morning, his head ached, and he felt as unrefreshed as when he had lain down; he undrew the curtain, and saw, from the strength of the light, it must be midday.

bellnounUS /bel/

a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck

From this reading He rang the bell, and walked to the window, to observe the appearance of the morning.

breakfastverbUS /ˈbrekfəst/

eat an early morning meal

From this reading He got up; and having dressed himself, descended to the sitting-room, where he found a good fire and the breakfast already placed.

curtainnounUS /ˈkɜːrtən/

hanging cloth used as a blind (especially for a window)

From this reading When he awoke in the morning, his head ached, and he felt as unrefreshed as when he had lain down; he undrew the curtain, and saw, from the strength of the light, it must be midday.

DAYnounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading THADDEUS'S FIRST DAY IN ENGLAND.

descendedverbUS /dɪˈsendəd/

past form of “descend” — move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way

From this reading He got up; and having dressed himself, descended to the sitting-room, where he found a good fire and the breakfast already placed.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading When he awoke in the morning, his head ached, and he felt as unrefreshed as when he had lain down; he undrew the curtain, and saw, from the strength of the light, it must be midday.

dressedadjectiveUS /drest/

dressed or clothed especially in fine attire; often used in combination

From this reading He got up; and having dressed himself, descended to the sitting-room, where he found a good fire and the breakfast already placed.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading A heavy snow had fallen during the night; and the sun, ascended to its meridian, shone through the thick atmosphere like a ball of fire.

ENGLANDnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading THADDEUS'S FIRST DAY IN ENGLAND.

fallenadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlən/

having dropped by the force of gravity

From this reading A heavy snow had fallen during the night; and the sun, ascended to its meridian, shone through the thick atmosphere like a ball of fire.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading When he awoke in the morning, his head ached, and he felt as unrefreshed as when he had lain down; he undrew the curtain, and saw, from the strength of the light, it must be midday.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading He got up; and having dressed himself, descended to the sitting-room, where he found a good fire and the breakfast already placed.

FIRSTadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading THADDEUS'S FIRST DAY IN ENGLAND.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading He got up; and having dressed himself, descended to the sitting-room, where he found a good fire and the breakfast already placed.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading When he awoke in the morning, his head ached, and he felt as unrefreshed as when he had lain down; he undrew the curtain, and saw, from the strength of the light, it must be midday.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading He got up; and having dressed himself, descended to the sitting-room, where he found a good fire and the breakfast already placed.

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading He got up; and having dressed himself, descended to the sitting-room, where he found a good fire and the breakfast already placed.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading When he awoke in the morning, his head ached, and he felt as unrefreshed as when he had lain down; he undrew the curtain, and saw, from the strength of the light, it must be midday.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading He got up; and having dressed himself, descended to the sitting-room, where he found a good fire and the breakfast already placed.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading When he awoke in the morning, his head ached, and he felt as unrefreshed as when he had lain down; he undrew the curtain, and saw, from the strength of the light, it must be midday.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading When he awoke in the morning, his head ached, and he felt as unrefreshed as when he had lain down; he undrew the curtain, and saw, from the strength of the light, it must be midday.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading A heavy snow had fallen during the night; and the sun, ascended to its meridian, shone through the thick atmosphere like a ball of fire.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading He got up; and having dressed himself, descended to the sitting-room, where he found a good fire and the breakfast already placed.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading When he awoke in the morning, his head ached, and he felt as unrefreshed as when he had lain down; he undrew the curtain, and saw, from the strength of the light, it must be midday.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THADDEUS'S FIRST DAY IN ENGLAND.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading When he awoke in the morning, his head ached, and he felt as unrefreshed as when he had lain down; he undrew the curtain, and saw, from the strength of the light, it must be midday.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading A heavy snow had fallen during the night; and the sun, ascended to its meridian, shone through the thick atmosphere like a ball of fire.

lainverbUS /leɪn/

inflected form of “lie” — be located or situated somewhere; occupy a certain position

From this reading When he awoke in the morning, his head ached, and he felt as unrefreshed as when he had lain down; he undrew the curtain, and saw, from the strength of the light, it must be midday.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading When he awoke in the morning, his head ached, and he felt as unrefreshed as when he had lain down; he undrew the curtain, and saw, from the strength of the light, it must be midday.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading A heavy snow had fallen during the night; and the sun, ascended to its meridian, shone through the thick atmosphere like a ball of fire.

meridiannounUS /mərˈɪdiən/

the highest level or degree attainable; the highest stage of development

From this reading A heavy snow had fallen during the night; and the sun, ascended to its meridian, shone through the thick atmosphere like a ball of fire.

middaynounUS /ˈmɪddeɪ/

the middle of the day

From this reading When he awoke in the morning, his head ached, and he felt as unrefreshed as when he had lain down; he undrew the curtain, and saw, from the strength of the light, it must be midday.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading When he awoke in the morning, his head ached, and he felt as unrefreshed as when he had lain down; he undrew the curtain, and saw, from the strength of the light, it must be midday.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading When he awoke in the morning, his head ached, and he felt as unrefreshed as when he had lain down; he undrew the curtain, and saw, from the strength of the light, it must be midday.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading A heavy snow had fallen during the night; and the sun, ascended to its meridian, shone through the thick atmosphere like a ball of fire.

observeverbUS /əbˈzɜːrv/

discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

From this reading He rang the bell, and walked to the window, to observe the appearance of the morning.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading When he awoke in the morning, his head ached, and he felt as unrefreshed as when he had lain down; he undrew the curtain, and saw, from the strength of the light, it must be midday.

placedadjectiveUS /pleɪst/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading He got up; and having dressed himself, descended to the sitting-room, where he found a good fire and the breakfast already placed.

rangverbUS /ræŋ/

inflected form of “ring” — sound loudly and sonorously

From this reading He rang the bell, and walked to the window, to observe the appearance of the morning.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading When he awoke in the morning, his head ached, and he felt as unrefreshed as when he had lain down; he undrew the curtain, and saw, from the strength of the light, it must be midday.

shoneverbUS /ʃoʊn/

inflected form of “shine” — be bright by reflecting or casting light

From this reading A heavy snow had fallen during the night; and the sun, ascended to its meridian, shone through the thick atmosphere like a ball of fire.

sitting-room

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He got up; and having dressed himself, descended to the sitting-room, where he found a good fire and the breakfast already placed.

snownounUS /snoʊ/

precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading A heavy snow had fallen during the night; and the sun, ascended to its meridian, shone through the thick atmosphere like a ball of fire.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading When he awoke in the morning, his head ached, and he felt as unrefreshed as when he had lain down; he undrew the curtain, and saw, from the strength of the light, it must be midday.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading A heavy snow had fallen during the night; and the sun, ascended to its meridian, shone through the thick atmosphere like a ball of fire.

THADDEUS'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THADDEUS'S FIRST DAY IN ENGLAND.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading When he awoke in the morning, his head ached, and he felt as unrefreshed as when he had lain down; he undrew the curtain, and saw, from the strength of the light, it must be midday.

thickadjectiveUS /θɪk/

not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions

From this reading A heavy snow had fallen during the night; and the sun, ascended to its meridian, shone through the thick atmosphere like a ball of fire.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading A heavy snow had fallen during the night; and the sun, ascended to its meridian, shone through the thick atmosphere like a ball of fire.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He got up; and having dressed himself, descended to the sitting-room, where he found a good fire and the breakfast already placed.

undrew

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading When he awoke in the morning, his head ached, and he felt as unrefreshed as when he had lain down; he undrew the curtain, and saw, from the strength of the light, it must be midday.

unrefreshedadjective

not rested or refreshed

From this reading When he awoke in the morning, his head ached, and he felt as unrefreshed as when he had lain down; he undrew the curtain, and saw, from the strength of the light, it must be midday.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading He got up; and having dressed himself, descended to the sitting-room, where he found a good fire and the breakfast already placed.

walkedverbUS /wɔːkt/

past form of “walk” — use one's feet to advance; advance by steps

From this reading He rang the bell, and walked to the window, to observe the appearance of the morning.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When he awoke in the morning, his head ached, and he felt as unrefreshed as when he had lain down; he undrew the curtain, and saw, from the strength of the light, it must be midday.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading He got up; and having dressed himself, descended to the sitting-room, where he found a good fire and the breakfast already placed.

windownounUS /ˈwɪndoʊ/

a framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane and is built into a wall or roof to admit light or air

From this reading He rang the bell, and walked to the window, to observe the appearance of the morning.

Chapter 10 of Thaddeus of Warsaw by Jane Porter holds 212 sentences, grouped into 43 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of Thaddeus of Warsaw contain?

Chapter 10 holds 212 sentences of Thaddeus of Warsaw, unabridged, divided into 43 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of Thaddeus of Warsaw by Jane Porter exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 212 sentences, grouped into 43 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of Thaddeus of Warsaw?

Work through the 43 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 43 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Thaddeus of Warsaw

Common questions about reading Thaddeus of Warsaw by Jane Porter on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Thaddeus of Warsaw?

Yes. All 7267 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6566 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Thaddeus of Warsaw is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #6566, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 600 minutes of reading across 1454 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Thaddeus of Warsaw

Words and structures a reader meets early in Thaddeus of Warsaw, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Large
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Thaddeus of Warsaw; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Magnificent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Thaddeus of Warsaw; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Palace
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Thaddeus of Warsaw; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Villanow
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Thaddeus of Warsaw; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.