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The Abbatial Crosier
The Abbatial Crosier

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of The Abbatial Crosier is here in full — 153 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/30 · 5 lines
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IN SIGHT OF THE ABBEY.
Upon leaving the convent of St. Saturnine, Berthoald took with his men the road to the abbey of Meriadek.
The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.
Two days after Broute-Saule had been delivered to the claws and beak of the sparrow-hawk, Berthoald and his men arrived near Nantes.
The sun was going down, night was near.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Abbatial Crosier

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of The Abbatial Crosier is here in full — 153 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/30 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
IN SIGHT OF THE ABBEY.
/ɪn saɪt ʌv ðə ˈæbi/
Line 2
Upon leaving the convent of St. Saturnine, Berthoald took with his men the road to the abbey of Meriadek.
Line 3
The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.
Line 4
Two days after Broute-Saule had been delivered to the claws and beak of the sparrow-hawk, Berthoald and his men arrived near Nantes.
Line 5
The sun was going down, night was near.
/ðə sʌn wɑːz ˈɡoʊɪŋ daʊn naɪt wɑːz nɪr/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Arabian noun US /əˈreɪbiən/

a member of a Semitic people originally from the Arabian peninsula and surrounding territories who speaks Arabic and who inhabits much of the Middle East and northern Africa

From this reading “The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.”

axles noun US /ˈæksəlz/

plural of “axle” — a shaft on which a wheel rotates

From this reading “The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.”

beak noun US /biːk/

beaklike mouth of animals other than birds (e.g., turtles)

From this reading “Two days after Broute-Saule had been delivered to the claws and beak of the sparrow-hawk, Berthoald and his men arrived near Nantes.”

booty noun US /ˈbuːti/

goods or money obtained illegally

From this reading “The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.”

carts noun US /kɑːrts/

plural of “cart” — a heavy open wagon usually having two wheels and drawn by an animal

From this reading “The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.”

environs noun US /ɪnˈvaɪrənz/

the area in which something exists or lives

From this reading “The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.”

Gallic adjective US /ˈɡælɪk/

of or pertaining to Gaul or the Gauls

From this reading “The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.”

Nantes noun US /nænts/

a port city in western France on the Loire estuary

From this reading “Two days after Broute-Saule had been delivered to the claws and beak of the sparrow-hawk, Berthoald and his men arrived near Nantes.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Two days noun + noun

In this reading “Two days after Broute-Saule had been delivered to the claws and beak of the sparrow-hawk, Berthoald and his men arrived near Nantes.”

in the mud preposition + article + noun counted as “in … mud”

In this reading “The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.”

IN SIGHT preposition + noun

at or within a reasonable distance for seeing

In this reading “IN SIGHT OF THE ABBEY.”

All words in this reading · 73

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

ABBEYnounUS /ˈæbi/

a church associated with a monastery or convent

From this reading IN SIGHT OF THE ABBEY.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Two days after Broute-Saule had been delivered to the claws and beak of the sparrow-hawk, Berthoald and his men arrived near Nantes.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

ArabiannounUS /əˈreɪbiən/

a member of a Semitic people originally from the Arabian peninsula and surrounding territories who speaks Arabic and who inhabits much of the Middle East and northern Africa

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

arrivedverbUS /ərˈaɪvd/

past form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading Two days after Broute-Saule had been delivered to the claws and beak of the sparrow-hawk, Berthoald and his men arrived near Nantes.

axlesnounUS /ˈæksəlz/

plural of “axle” — a shaft on which a wheel rotates

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

beaknounUS /biːk/

beaklike mouth of animals other than birds (e.g., turtles)

From this reading Two days after Broute-Saule had been delivered to the claws and beak of the sparrow-hawk, Berthoald and his men arrived near Nantes.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Two days after Broute-Saule had been delivered to the claws and beak of the sparrow-hawk, Berthoald and his men arrived near Nantes.

Berthoald

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon leaving the convent of St. Saturnine, Berthoald took with his men the road to the abbey of Meriadek.

bootynounUS /ˈbuːti/

goods or money obtained illegally

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

bridgesnounUS /ˈbrɪdʒəz/

United States labor leader who organized the longshoremen (1901-1990)

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

Broute-Saule

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Two days after Broute-Saule had been delivered to the claws and beak of the sparrow-hawk, Berthoald and his men arrived near Nantes.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

capturedverbUS /ˈkæptʃərd/

past form of “capture” — succeed in representing or expressing something intangible

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

cartsnounUS /kɑːrts/

plural of “cart” — a heavy open wagon usually having two wheels and drawn by an animal

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

clawsnounUS /klɔːz/

plural of “claw” — sharp curved horny process on the toe of a bird or some mammals or reptiles

From this reading Two days after Broute-Saule had been delivered to the claws and beak of the sparrow-hawk, Berthoald and his men arrived near Nantes.

conditionnounUS /kənˈdɪʃən/

a state at a particular time

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

containingverbUS /kənˈteɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “contain” — include or contain; have as a component

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

conventnounUS /ˈkɑːnvənt/

a religious residence especially for nuns

From this reading Upon leaving the convent of St. Saturnine, Berthoald took with his men the road to the abbey of Meriadek.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading Two days after Broute-Saule had been delivered to the claws and beak of the sparrow-hawk, Berthoald and his men arrived near Nantes.

delayedadjectiveUS /dɪˈleɪd/

not as far along as normal in development

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

deliveredverbUS /dɪˈlɪvərd/

past form of “deliver” — deliver (a speech, oration, or idea)

From this reading Two days after Broute-Saule had been delivered to the claws and beak of the sparrow-hawk, Berthoald and his men arrived near Nantes.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading The sun was going down, night was near.

environsnounUS /ɪnˈvaɪrənz/

the area in which something exists or lives

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

frequentlyadverbUS /ˈfriːkwəntli/

many times at short intervals

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

GallicadjectiveUS /ˈɡælɪk/

of or pertaining to Gaul or the Gauls

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading The sun was going down, night was near.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Upon leaving the convent of St. Saturnine, Berthoald took with his men the road to the abbey of Meriadek.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading IN SIGHT OF THE ABBEY.

leavingnounUS /ˈliːvɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading Upon leaving the convent of St. Saturnine, Berthoald took with his men the road to the abbey of Meriadek.

marchverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Upon leaving the convent of St. Saturnine, Berthoald took with his men the road to the abbey of Meriadek.

Meriadek

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon leaving the convent of St. Saturnine, Berthoald took with his men the road to the abbey of Meriadek.

moreoveradverbUS /mɔːˈroʊvər/

in addition to what has just been said

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

mudnounUS /mʌd/

water soaked soil; soft wet earth

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

NantesnounUS /nænts/

a port city in western France on the Loire estuary

From this reading Two days after Broute-Saule had been delivered to the claws and beak of the sparrow-hawk, Berthoald and his men arrived near Nantes.

Narbonne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading Two days after Broute-Saule had been delivered to the claws and beak of the sparrow-hawk, Berthoald and his men arrived near Nantes.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading The sun was going down, night was near.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading IN SIGHT OF THE ABBEY.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading Upon leaving the convent of St. Saturnine, Berthoald took with his men the road to the abbey of Meriadek.

roadsnounUS /roʊdz/

a partly sheltered anchorage

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

routenounUS /ruːt/

an established line of travel or access

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

sankverbUS /sæŋk/

inflected form of “sink” — fall or descend to a lower place or level

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

Saturnineadjective

bitter or scornful

From this reading Upon leaving the convent of St. Saturnine, Berthoald took with his men the road to the abbey of Meriadek.

SIGHTnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading IN SIGHT OF THE ABBEY.

sparrow-hawk

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Two days after Broute-Saule had been delivered to the claws and beak of the sparrow-hawk, Berthoald and his men arrived near Nantes.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Upon leaving the convent of St. Saturnine, Berthoald took with his men the road to the abbey of Meriadek.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading The sun was going down, night was near.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading IN SIGHT OF THE ABBEY.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Upon leaving the convent of St. Saturnine, Berthoald took with his men the road to the abbey of Meriadek.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading Upon leaving the convent of St. Saturnine, Berthoald took with his men the road to the abbey of Meriadek.

troopnounUS /truːp/

a group of soldiers

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

UponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Upon leaving the convent of St. Saturnine, Berthoald took with his men the road to the abbey of Meriadek.

warriorsnounUS /ˈwɔːriərz/

plural of “warrior” — someone engaged in or experienced in warfare

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

wheelsnounUS /wiːlz/

plural of “wheel” — a simple machine consisting of a circular frame with spokes (or a solid disc) that can rotate on a shaft or axle (as in vehicles or other machines)

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Upon leaving the convent of St. Saturnine, Berthoald took with his men the road to the abbey of Meriadek.

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading The march of the troop was delayed by the condition in which they found two of the bridges on their route; the roads, moreover, were in such a state that the carts containing the booty of the warriors, together with the Arabian and Gallic women whom they had captured in the environs of Narbonne, frequently sank to the axles of the wheels in the mud.

Chapter 10 of The Abbatial Crosier by Eugène Sue holds 153 sentences, grouped into 31 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of The Abbatial Crosier contain?

Chapter 10 holds 153 sentences of The Abbatial Crosier, unabridged, divided into 31 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of The Abbatial Crosier by Eugène Sue exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 153 sentences, grouped into 31 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of The Abbatial Crosier?

Work through the 31 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 31 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Abbatial Crosier

Common questions about reading The Abbatial Crosier by Eugène Sue on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Abbatial Crosier?

Yes. All 2492 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #33274 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Abbatial Crosier is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #33274, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Abbatial Crosier take to read?

About 207 minutes of reading across 499 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Abbatial Crosier section by section

How to work through The Abbatial Crosier section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 18 chapters of The Abbatial Crosier to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Abbatial Crosier

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Abbatial Crosier, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Narbonne
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Abbatial Crosier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cruel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Abbatial Crosier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Intestine
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Abbatial Crosier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Between
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Abbatial Crosier; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.