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The Abounding American
The Abounding American

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of The Abounding American is here in full — 80 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Abounding American
Context Illustration Reading 1/16 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE PEA-NUT MIND I am in the happy position of never having gazed upon a pea-nut in my life.
Therefore my notions of what the pea-nut may be are of the haziest.
But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.
In other words, a pea-nut is an inevitable concomitant of a lower-class American holiday.
It is always with them.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Abounding American

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of The Abounding American is here in full — 80 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/16 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE PEA-NUT MIND I am in the happy position of never having gazed upon a pea-nut in my life.
Line 2
Therefore my notions of what the pea-nut may be are of the haziest.
Line 3
But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.
Line 4
In other words, a pea-nut is an inevitable concomitant of a lower-class American holiday.
Line 5
It is always with them.
/ɪt ɪz ˈɔːlweɪz wɪð ðem/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Cockney noun US /ˈkɑːkni/

a native of the east end of London

From this reading “But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.”

concomitant noun US /ˌkɑːnˈkɑːmətənt/

an event or situation that happens at the same time as or in connection with another

From this reading “In other words, a pea-nut is an inevitable concomitant of a lower-class American holiday.”

consumed verb US /kənˈsuːmd/

past form of “consume” — eat up completely, as with great appetite

From this reading “But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.”

devours verb US /dɪˈvaʊərz/

third-person singular of “devour” — destroy completely

From this reading “But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.”

notions noun US /ˈnoʊʃənz/

plural of “notion” — a vague idea in which some confidence is placed

From this reading “Therefore my notions of what the pea-nut may be are of the haziest.”

purchased verb US /ˈpɜːrtʃəst/

past form of “purchase” — obtain by purchase; acquire by means of a financial transaction

From this reading “But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.”

purchases noun US /ˈpɜːrtʃəsəz/

plural of “purchase” — the acquisition of something for payment

From this reading “But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.”

research noun US /riˈsɜːrtʃ/

systematic investigation to establish facts

From this reading “But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

consumed by verb + particle counted as “consume by”

In this reading “But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.”

same spirit adjective + noun

In this reading “But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.”

other words adjective + noun

In this reading “In other words, a pea-nut is an inevitable concomitant of a lower-class American holiday.”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE PEA-NUT MIND I am in the happy position of never having gazed upon a pea-nut in my life.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading It is always with them.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading THE PEA-NUT MIND I am in the happy position of never having gazed upon a pea-nut in my life.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading In other words, a pea-nut is an inevitable concomitant of a lower-class American holiday.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Therefore my notions of what the pea-nut may be are of the haziest.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.

barcelonas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Therefore my notions of what the pea-nut may be are of the haziest.

BritishnounUS /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

the people of Great Britain

From this reading But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.

CockneynounUS /ˈkɑːkni/

a native of the east end of London

From this reading But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.

concomitantnounUS /ˌkɑːnˈkɑːmətənt/

an event or situation that happens at the same time as or in connection with another

From this reading In other words, a pea-nut is an inevitable concomitant of a lower-class American holiday.

consumedverbUS /kənˈsuːmd/

past form of “consume” — eat up completely, as with great appetite

From this reading But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.

devoursverbUS /dɪˈvaʊərz/

third-person singular of “devour” — destroy completely

From this reading But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.

gatherverbUS /ˈɡæðər/

assemble or get together

From this reading But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.

gazedverbUS /ɡeɪzd/

past form of “gaze” — look at with fixed eyes

From this reading THE PEA-NUT MIND I am in the happy position of never having gazed upon a pea-nut in my life.

happyadjectiveUS /ˈhæpi/

enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure

From this reading THE PEA-NUT MIND I am in the happy position of never having gazed upon a pea-nut in my life.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading THE PEA-NUT MIND I am in the happy position of never having gazed upon a pea-nut in my life.

haziest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Therefore my notions of what the pea-nut may be are of the haziest.

holidaynounUS /ˈhɑːlədeɪ/

leisure time away from work devoted to rest or pleasure

From this reading In other words, a pea-nut is an inevitable concomitant of a lower-class American holiday.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading THE PEA-NUT MIND I am in the happy position of never having gazed upon a pea-nut in my life.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE PEA-NUT MIND I am in the happy position of never having gazed upon a pea-nut in my life.

inevitableadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈnevətəbəl/

incapable of being avoided or prevented

From this reading In other words, a pea-nut is an inevitable concomitant of a lower-class American holiday.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.

IslandsnounUS /ˈaɪləndz/

plural of “island” — a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water

From this reading But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading THE PEA-NUT MIND I am in the happy position of never having gazed upon a pea-nut in my life.

lower-classadjective

occupying the lowest socioeconomic position in a society

From this reading In other words, a pea-nut is an inevitable concomitant of a lower-class American holiday.

massesnounUS /ˈmæsəz/

the common people generally

From this reading But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Therefore my notions of what the pea-nut may be are of the haziest.

MINDnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading THE PEA-NUT MIND I am in the happy position of never having gazed upon a pea-nut in my life.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading THE PEA-NUT MIND I am in the happy position of never having gazed upon a pea-nut in my life.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading THE PEA-NUT MIND I am in the happy position of never having gazed upon a pea-nut in my life.

notionsnounUS /ˈnoʊʃənz/

plural of “notion” — a vague idea in which some confidence is placed

From this reading Therefore my notions of what the pea-nut may be are of the haziest.

occasionsnounUS /əˈkeɪʒənz/

something you have to do

From this reading But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE PEA-NUT MIND I am in the happy position of never having gazed upon a pea-nut in my life.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading In other words, a pea-nut is an inevitable concomitant of a lower-class American holiday.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.

PEA-NUT

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE PEA-NUT MIND I am in the happy position of never having gazed upon a pea-nut in my life.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading THE PEA-NUT MIND I am in the happy position of never having gazed upon a pea-nut in my life.

prettyadjectiveUS /ˈprɪti/

pleasing by delicacy or grace; not imposing

From this reading But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.

provendernoun

food for domestic livestock

From this reading But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.

purchasedverbUS /ˈpɜːrtʃəst/

past form of “purchase” — obtain by purchase; acquire by means of a financial transaction

From this reading But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.

purchasesnounUS /ˈpɜːrtʃəsəz/

plural of “purchase” — the acquisition of something for payment

From this reading But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.

researchnounUS /riˈsɜːrtʃ/

systematic investigation to establish facts

From this reading But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.

resultnounUS /rɪˈzʌlt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.

speciesnounUS /ˈspiːʃiz/

(biology) taxonomic group whose members can interbreed

From this reading But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE PEA-NUT MIND I am in the happy position of never having gazed upon a pea-nut in my life.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading It is always with them.

ThereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading Therefore my notions of what the pea-nut may be are of the haziest.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading THE PEA-NUT MIND I am in the happy position of never having gazed upon a pea-nut in my life.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Therefore my notions of what the pea-nut may be are of the haziest.

whelks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But I gather as the result of some research that it is a species of provender, and that it is purchased and consumed by the American masses in pretty much the same spirit and on pretty well the same occasions that the common Cockney of our own happy British Islands purchases and devours barcelonas and whelks.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It is always with them.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading In other words, a pea-nut is an inevitable concomitant of a lower-class American holiday.

Chapter 8 of The Abounding American by T. W. H. (Thomas William Hodgson) Crosland holds 80 sentences, grouped into 16 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The Abounding American contain?

Chapter 8 holds 80 sentences of The Abounding American, unabridged, divided into 16 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The Abounding American by T. W. H. (Thomas William Hodgson) Crosland exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 80 sentences, grouped into 16 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The Abounding American?

Work through the 16 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 16 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Abounding American

Common questions about reading The Abounding American by T. W. H. (Thomas William Hodgson) Crosland on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Abounding American?

Yes. All 827 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #56185 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Abounding American is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #56185, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Abounding American take to read?

About 68 minutes of reading across 166 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Abounding American section by section

How to work through The Abounding American section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 12 chapters of The Abounding American to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Abounding American

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Abounding American, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Abounding American; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lovely
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Abounding American; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Woman
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Abounding American; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Unspeakable
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Abounding American; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.