Chapter XXXVI

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE COUNCIL The Araucanos, whom certain travellers, either ill-informed or of bad faith, persist in representing as savage men plunged in the most frightful barbarism, are, on the contrary, a relatively civilized people.

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading Hence, except in time of war, the toquis possess but the shadow of sovereignty, and the power resides in the entire body of the chiefs, who, in questions of importance, decide in a general diet, called the _Auca-coyog_, the great council, or council of free men, for such is the name they claim for themselves, and very justly, for no power has yet been able to subdue them.

plural of “affect” — the conscious subjective aspect of feeling or emotion

From this reading This government, which affects all the appearances of the feudal system, has all its good qualities and all its defects.

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading This government, which affects all the appearances of the feudal system, has all its good qualities and all its defects.

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Their government, the origin of which is lost in the night of time, and which, at the period of the Spanish conquest, was as well organized and carried out as easily as at the present day, is, as we have said in a preceding chapter, an aristocratic republic, with essentially feudal tendencies.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Their government, the origin of which is lost in the night of time, and which, at the period of the Spanish conquest, was as well organized and carried out as easily as at the present day, is, as we have said in a preceding chapter, an aristocratic republic, with essentially feudal tendencies.

plural of “appearance” — outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading This government, which affects all the appearances of the feudal system, has all its good qualities and all its defects.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE COUNCIL The Araucanos, whom certain travellers, either ill-informed or of bad faith, persist in representing as savage men plunged in the most frightful barbarism, are, on the contrary, a relatively civilized people.

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading THE COUNCIL The Araucanos, whom certain travellers, either ill-informed or of bad faith, persist in representing as savage men plunged in the most frightful barbarism, are, on the contrary, a relatively civilized people.

belonging to or characteristic of the nobility or aristocracy

From this reading Their government, the origin of which is lost in the night of time, and which, at the period of the Spanish conquest, was as well organized and carried out as easily as at the present day, is, as we have said in a preceding chapter, an aristocratic republic, with essentially feudal tendencies.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading THE COUNCIL The Araucanos, whom certain travellers, either ill-informed or of bad faith, persist in representing as savage men plunged in the most frightful barbarism, are, on the contrary, a relatively civilized people.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Their government, the origin of which is lost in the night of time, and which, at the period of the Spanish conquest, was as well organized and carried out as easily as at the present day, is, as we have said in a preceding chapter, an aristocratic republic, with essentially feudal tendencies.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hence, except in time of war, the toquis possess but the shadow of sovereignty, and the power resides in the entire body of the chiefs, who, in questions of importance, decide in a general diet, called the _Auca-coyog_, the great council, or council of free men, for such is the name they claim for themselves, and very justly, for no power has yet been able to subdue them.

having undesirable or negative qualities

From this reading THE COUNCIL The Araucanos, whom certain travellers, either ill-informed or of bad faith, persist in representing as savage men plunged in the most frightful barbarism, are, on the contrary, a relatively civilized people.

a brutal barbarous savage act

From this reading THE COUNCIL The Araucanos, whom certain travellers, either ill-informed or of bad faith, persist in representing as savage men plunged in the most frightful barbarism, are, on the contrary, a relatively civilized people.

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Hence, except in time of war, the toquis possess but the shadow of sovereignty, and the power resides in the entire body of the chiefs, who, in questions of importance, decide in a general diet, called the _Auca-coyog_, the great council, or council of free men, for such is the name they claim for themselves, and very justly, for no power has yet been able to subdue them.

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading Hence, except in time of war, the toquis possess but the shadow of sovereignty, and the power resides in the entire body of the chiefs, who, in questions of importance, decide in a general diet, called the _Auca-coyog_, the great council, or council of free men, for such is the name they claim for themselves, and very justly, for no power has yet been able to subdue them.

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Hence, except in time of war, the toquis possess but the shadow of sovereignty, and the power resides in the entire body of the chiefs, who, in questions of importance, decide in a general diet, called the _Auca-coyog_, the great council, or council of free men, for such is the name they claim for themselves, and very justly, for no power has yet been able to subdue them.

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Hence, except in time of war, the toquis possess but the shadow of sovereignty, and the power resides in the entire body of the chiefs, who, in questions of importance, decide in a general diet, called the _Auca-coyog_, the great council, or council of free men, for such is the name they claim for themselves, and very justly, for no power has yet been able to subdue them.

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading Their government, the origin of which is lost in the night of time, and which, at the period of the Spanish conquest, was as well organized and carried out as easily as at the present day, is, as we have said in a preceding chapter, an aristocratic republic, with essentially feudal tendencies.

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading THE COUNCIL The Araucanos, whom certain travellers, either ill-informed or of bad faith, persist in representing as savage men plunged in the most frightful barbarism, are, on the contrary, a relatively civilized people.

a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading Their government, the origin of which is lost in the night of time, and which, at the period of the Spanish conquest, was as well organized and carried out as easily as at the present day, is, as we have said in a preceding chapter, an aristocratic republic, with essentially feudal tendencies.

plural of “chief” — a person who is in charge

From this reading Hence, except in time of war, the toquis possess but the shadow of sovereignty, and the power resides in the entire body of the chiefs, who, in questions of importance, decide in a general diet, called the _Auca-coyog_, the great council, or council of free men, for such is the name they claim for themselves, and very justly, for no power has yet been able to subdue them.

having a high state of culture and development both social and technological

From this reading THE COUNCIL The Araucanos, whom certain travellers, either ill-informed or of bad faith, persist in representing as savage men plunged in the most frightful barbarism, are, on the contrary, a relatively civilized people.

an assertion of a right (as to money or property)

From this reading Hence, except in time of war, the toquis possess but the shadow of sovereignty, and the power resides in the entire body of the chiefs, who, in questions of importance, decide in a general diet, called the _Auca-coyog_, the great council, or council of free men, for such is the name they claim for themselves, and very justly, for no power has yet been able to subdue them.

the act of conquering

From this reading Their government, the origin of which is lost in the night of time, and which, at the period of the Spanish conquest, was as well organized and carried out as easily as at the present day, is, as we have said in a preceding chapter, an aristocratic republic, with essentially feudal tendencies.

very opposed in nature or character or purpose

From this reading THE COUNCIL The Araucanos, whom certain travellers, either ill-informed or of bad faith, persist in representing as savage men plunged in the most frightful barbarism, are, on the contrary, a relatively civilized people.

a body serving in an administrative capacity

From this reading THE COUNCIL The Araucanos, whom certain travellers, either ill-informed or of bad faith, persist in representing as savage men plunged in the most frightful barbarism, are, on the contrary, a relatively civilized people.

plural of “council” — a body serving in an administrative capacity

From this reading These councils are generally held in the presence of all, in a vast prairie.

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Their government, the origin of which is lost in the night of time, and which, at the period of the Spanish conquest, was as well organized and carried out as easily as at the present day, is, as we have said in a preceding chapter, an aristocratic republic, with essentially feudal tendencies.

reach, make, or come to a decision about something

From this reading Hence, except in time of war, the toquis possess but the shadow of sovereignty, and the power resides in the entire body of the chiefs, who, in questions of importance, decide in a general diet, called the _Auca-coyog_, the great council, or council of free men, for such is the name they claim for themselves, and very justly, for no power has yet been able to subdue them.

plural of “defect” — an imperfection in a bodily system

From this reading This government, which affects all the appearances of the feudal system, has all its good qualities and all its defects.

a prescribed selection of foods

From this reading Hence, except in time of war, the toquis possess but the shadow of sovereignty, and the power resides in the entire body of the chiefs, who, in questions of importance, decide in a general diet, called the _Auca-coyog_, the great council, or council of free men, for such is the name they claim for themselves, and very justly, for no power has yet been able to subdue them.

with ease (“easy” is sometimes used informally for “easily”)

From this reading Their government, the origin of which is lost in the night of time, and which, at the period of the Spanish conquest, was as well organized and carried out as easily as at the present day, is, as we have said in a preceding chapter, an aristocratic republic, with essentially feudal tendencies.

one or the other of two

From this reading THE COUNCIL The Araucanos, whom certain travellers, either ill-informed or of bad faith, persist in representing as savage men plunged in the most frightful barbarism, are, on the contrary, a relatively civilized people.

constituting the full quantity or extent; complete

From this reading Hence, except in time of war, the toquis possess but the shadow of sovereignty, and the power resides in the entire body of the chiefs, who, in questions of importance, decide in a general diet, called the _Auca-coyog_, the great council, or council of free men, for such is the name they claim for themselves, and very justly, for no power has yet been able to subdue them.

in essence; at bottom or by one's (or its) very nature

From this reading Their government, the origin of which is lost in the night of time, and which, at the period of the Spanish conquest, was as well organized and carried out as easily as at the present day, is, as we have said in a preceding chapter, an aristocratic republic, with essentially feudal tendencies.

apart from; not including

From this reading Hence, except in time of war, the toquis possess but the shadow of sovereignty, and the power resides in the entire body of the chiefs, who, in questions of importance, decide in a general diet, called the _Auca-coyog_, the great council, or council of free men, for such is the name they claim for themselves, and very justly, for no power has yet been able to subdue them.

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading THE COUNCIL The Araucanos, whom certain travellers, either ill-informed or of bad faith, persist in representing as savage men plunged in the most frightful barbarism, are, on the contrary, a relatively civilized people.

of or relating to or characteristic of feudalism

From this reading Their government, the origin of which is lost in the night of time, and which, at the period of the Spanish conquest, was as well organized and carried out as easily as at the present day, is, as we have said in a preceding chapter, an aristocratic republic, with essentially feudal tendencies.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Hence, except in time of war, the toquis possess but the shadow of sovereignty, and the power resides in the entire body of the chiefs, who, in questions of importance, decide in a general diet, called the _Auca-coyog_, the great council, or council of free men, for such is the name they claim for themselves, and very justly, for no power has yet been able to subdue them.

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading Hence, except in time of war, the toquis possess but the shadow of sovereignty, and the power resides in the entire body of the chiefs, who, in questions of importance, decide in a general diet, called the _Auca-coyog_, the great council, or council of free men, for such is the name they claim for themselves, and very justly, for no power has yet been able to subdue them.

provoking horror

From this reading THE COUNCIL The Araucanos, whom certain travellers, either ill-informed or of bad faith, persist in representing as savage men plunged in the most frightful barbarism, are, on the contrary, a relatively civilized people.

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading Hence, except in time of war, the toquis possess but the shadow of sovereignty, and the power resides in the entire body of the chiefs, who, in questions of importance, decide in a general diet, called the _Auca-coyog_, the great council, or council of free men, for such is the name they claim for themselves, and very justly, for no power has yet been able to subdue them.

usually; as a rule

From this reading These councils are generally held in the presence of all, in a vast prairie.

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading This government, which affects all the appearances of the feudal system, has all its good qualities and all its defects.

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading Their government, the origin of which is lost in the night of time, and which, at the period of the Spanish conquest, was as well organized and carried out as easily as at the present day, is, as we have said in a preceding chapter, an aristocratic republic, with essentially feudal tendencies.

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Hence, except in time of war, the toquis possess but the shadow of sovereignty, and the power resides in the entire body of the chiefs, who, in questions of importance, decide in a general diet, called the _Auca-coyog_, the great council, or council of free men, for such is the name they claim for themselves, and very justly, for no power has yet been able to subdue them.

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This government, which affects all the appearances of the feudal system, has all its good qualities and all its defects.

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Their government, the origin of which is lost in the night of time, and which, at the period of the Spanish conquest, was as well organized and carried out as easily as at the present day, is, as we have said in a preceding chapter, an aristocratic republic, with essentially feudal tendencies.

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading These councils are generally held in the presence of all, in a vast prairie.

for this reason

From this reading Hence, except in time of war, the toquis possess but the shadow of sovereignty, and the power resides in the entire body of the chiefs, who, in questions of importance, decide in a general diet, called the _Auca-coyog_, the great council, or council of free men, for such is the name they claim for themselves, and very justly, for no power has yet been able to subdue them.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE COUNCIL The Araucanos, whom certain travellers, either ill-informed or of bad faith, persist in representing as savage men plunged in the most frightful barbarism, are, on the contrary, a relatively civilized people.

the quality of being important and worthy of note

From this reading Hence, except in time of war, the toquis possess but the shadow of sovereignty, and the power resides in the entire body of the chiefs, who, in questions of importance, decide in a general diet, called the _Auca-coyog_, the great council, or council of free men, for such is the name they claim for themselves, and very justly, for no power has yet been able to subdue them.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE COUNCIL The Araucanos, whom certain travellers, either ill-informed or of bad faith, persist in representing as savage men plunged in the most frightful barbarism, are, on the contrary, a relatively civilized people.

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Their government, the origin of which is lost in the night of time, and which, at the period of the Spanish conquest, was as well organized and carried out as easily as at the present day, is, as we have said in a preceding chapter, an aristocratic republic, with essentially feudal tendencies.

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading This government, which affects all the appearances of the feudal system, has all its good qualities and all its defects.

with honesty

From this reading Hence, except in time of war, the toquis possess but the shadow of sovereignty, and the power resides in the entire body of the chiefs, who, in questions of importance, decide in a general diet, called the _Auca-coyog_, the great council, or council of free men, for such is the name they claim for themselves, and very justly, for no power has yet been able to subdue them.

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading Their government, the origin of which is lost in the night of time, and which, at the period of the Spanish conquest, was as well organized and carried out as easily as at the present day, is, as we have said in a preceding chapter, an aristocratic republic, with essentially feudal tendencies.

the force of workers available

From this reading THE COUNCIL The Araucanos, whom certain travellers, either ill-informed or of bad faith, persist in representing as savage men plunged in the most frightful barbarism, are, on the contrary, a relatively civilized people.

used to form the superlative

From this reading THE COUNCIL The Araucanos, whom certain travellers, either ill-informed or of bad faith, persist in representing as savage men plunged in the most frightful barbarism, are, on the contrary, a relatively civilized people.

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Hence, except in time of war, the toquis possess but the shadow of sovereignty, and the power resides in the entire body of the chiefs, who, in questions of importance, decide in a general diet, called the _Auca-coyog_, the great council, or council of free men, for such is the name they claim for themselves, and very justly, for no power has yet been able to subdue them.

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Their government, the origin of which is lost in the night of time, and which, at the period of the Spanish conquest, was as well organized and carried out as easily as at the present day, is, as we have said in a preceding chapter, an aristocratic republic, with essentially feudal tendencies.

not any; not one

From this reading Hence, except in time of war, the toquis possess but the shadow of sovereignty, and the power resides in the entire body of the chiefs, who, in questions of importance, decide in a general diet, called the _Auca-coyog_, the great council, or council of free men, for such is the name they claim for themselves, and very justly, for no power has yet been able to subdue them.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE COUNCIL The Araucanos, whom certain travellers, either ill-informed or of bad faith, persist in representing as savage men plunged in the most frightful barbarism, are, on the contrary, a relatively civilized people.

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading THE COUNCIL The Araucanos, whom certain travellers, either ill-informed or of bad faith, persist in representing as savage men plunged in the most frightful barbarism, are, on the contrary, a relatively civilized people.

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading THE COUNCIL The Araucanos, whom certain travellers, either ill-informed or of bad faith, persist in representing as savage men plunged in the most frightful barbarism, are, on the contrary, a relatively civilized people.

formed into a structured or coherent whole, particularly on a large scale

From this reading Their government, the origin of which is lost in the night of time, and which, at the period of the Spanish conquest, was as well organized and carried out as easily as at the present day, is, as we have said in a preceding chapter, an aristocratic republic, with essentially feudal tendencies.

the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading Their government, the origin of which is lost in the night of time, and which, at the period of the Spanish conquest, was as well organized and carried out as easily as at the present day, is, as we have said in a preceding chapter, an aristocratic republic, with essentially feudal tendencies.

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Their government, the origin of which is lost in the night of time, and which, at the period of the Spanish conquest, was as well organized and carried out as easily as at the present day, is, as we have said in a preceding chapter, an aristocratic republic, with essentially feudal tendencies.

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading THE COUNCIL The Araucanos, whom certain travellers, either ill-informed or of bad faith, persist in representing as savage men plunged in the most frightful barbarism, are, on the contrary, a relatively civilized people.

an amount of time

From this reading Their government, the origin of which is lost in the night of time, and which, at the period of the Spanish conquest, was as well organized and carried out as easily as at the present day, is, as we have said in a preceding chapter, an aristocratic republic, with essentially feudal tendencies.

continue to exist

From this reading THE COUNCIL The Araucanos, whom certain travellers, either ill-informed or of bad faith, persist in representing as savage men plunged in the most frightful barbarism, are, on the contrary, a relatively civilized people.

past form of “plunge” — thrust or throw into

From this reading THE COUNCIL The Araucanos, whom certain travellers, either ill-informed or of bad faith, persist in representing as savage men plunged in the most frightful barbarism, are, on the contrary, a relatively civilized people.

have as an attribute, knowledge, or skill

From this reading Hence, except in time of war, the toquis possess but the shadow of sovereignty, and the power resides in the entire body of the chiefs, who, in questions of importance, decide in a general diet, called the _Auca-coyog_, the great council, or council of free men, for such is the name they claim for themselves, and very justly, for no power has yet been able to subdue them.

possession of controlling influence

From this reading Hence, except in time of war, the toquis possess but the shadow of sovereignty, and the power resides in the entire body of the chiefs, who, in questions of importance, decide in a general diet, called the _Auca-coyog_, the great council, or council of free men, for such is the name they claim for themselves, and very justly, for no power has yet been able to subdue them.

a treeless grassy plain

From this reading These councils are generally held in the presence of all, in a vast prairie.

existing or coming before

From this reading Their government, the origin of which is lost in the night of time, and which, at the period of the Spanish conquest, was as well organized and carried out as easily as at the present day, is, as we have said in a preceding chapter, an aristocratic republic, with essentially feudal tendencies.

the state of being present; current existence

From this reading These councils are generally held in the presence of all, in a vast prairie.

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Their government, the origin of which is lost in the night of time, and which, at the period of the Spanish conquest, was as well organized and carried out as easily as at the present day, is, as we have said in a preceding chapter, an aristocratic republic, with essentially feudal tendencies.

plural of “quality” — an essential and distinguishing attribute of something or someone

From this reading This government, which affects all the appearances of the feudal system, has all its good qualities and all its defects.

plural of “question” — an instance of questioning

From this reading Hence, except in time of war, the toquis possess but the shadow of sovereignty, and the power resides in the entire body of the chiefs, who, in questions of importance, decide in a general diet, called the _Auca-coyog_, the great council, or council of free men, for such is the name they claim for themselves, and very justly, for no power has yet been able to subdue them.

in a relative manner; by comparison to something else

From this reading THE COUNCIL The Araucanos, whom certain travellers, either ill-informed or of bad faith, persist in representing as savage men plunged in the most frightful barbarism, are, on the contrary, a relatively civilized people.

-ing form of “represent” — take the place of or be parallel or equivalent to

From this reading THE COUNCIL The Araucanos, whom certain travellers, either ill-informed or of bad faith, persist in representing as savage men plunged in the most frightful barbarism, are, on the contrary, a relatively civilized people.

a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them

From this reading Their government, the origin of which is lost in the night of time, and which, at the period of the Spanish conquest, was as well organized and carried out as easily as at the present day, is, as we have said in a preceding chapter, an aristocratic republic, with essentially feudal tendencies.

third-person singular of “reside” — make one's home in a particular place or community

From this reading Hence, except in time of war, the toquis possess but the shadow of sovereignty, and the power resides in the entire body of the chiefs, who, in questions of importance, decide in a general diet, called the _Auca-coyog_, the great council, or council of free men, for such is the name they claim for themselves, and very justly, for no power has yet been able to subdue them.

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading Their government, the origin of which is lost in the night of time, and which, at the period of the Spanish conquest, was as well organized and carried out as easily as at the present day, is, as we have said in a preceding chapter, an aristocratic republic, with essentially feudal tendencies.

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading THE COUNCIL The Araucanos, whom certain travellers, either ill-informed or of bad faith, persist in representing as savage men plunged in the most frightful barbarism, are, on the contrary, a relatively civilized people.

A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

From this reading Hence, except in time of war, the toquis possess but the shadow of sovereignty, and the power resides in the entire body of the chiefs, who, in questions of importance, decide in a general diet, called the _Auca-coyog_, the great council, or council of free men, for such is the name they claim for themselves, and very justly, for no power has yet been able to subdue them.

government free from external control

From this reading Hence, except in time of war, the toquis possess but the shadow of sovereignty, and the power resides in the entire body of the chiefs, who, in questions of importance, decide in a general diet, called the _Auca-coyog_, the great council, or council of free men, for such is the name they claim for themselves, and very justly, for no power has yet been able to subdue them.

the Romance language spoken in most of Spain and the countries colonized by Spain

From this reading Their government, the origin of which is lost in the night of time, and which, at the period of the Spanish conquest, was as well organized and carried out as easily as at the present day, is, as we have said in a preceding chapter, an aristocratic republic, with essentially feudal tendencies.

put down by force or intimidation

From this reading Hence, except in time of war, the toquis possess but the shadow of sovereignty, and the power resides in the entire body of the chiefs, who, in questions of importance, decide in a general diet, called the _Auca-coyog_, the great council, or council of free men, for such is the name they claim for themselves, and very justly, for no power has yet been able to subdue them.

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Hence, except in time of war, the toquis possess but the shadow of sovereignty, and the power resides in the entire body of the chiefs, who, in questions of importance, decide in a general diet, called the _Auca-coyog_, the great council, or council of free men, for such is the name they claim for themselves, and very justly, for no power has yet been able to subdue them.

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading This government, which affects all the appearances of the feudal system, has all its good qualities and all its defects.

plural of “tendency” — an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others

From this reading Their government, the origin of which is lost in the night of time, and which, at the period of the Spanish conquest, was as well organized and carried out as easily as at the present day, is, as we have said in a preceding chapter, an aristocratic republic, with essentially feudal tendencies.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE COUNCIL The Araucanos, whom certain travellers, either ill-informed or of bad faith, persist in representing as savage men plunged in the most frightful barbarism, are, on the contrary, a relatively civilized people.

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Their government, the origin of which is lost in the night of time, and which, at the period of the Spanish conquest, was as well organized and carried out as easily as at the present day, is, as we have said in a preceding chapter, an aristocratic republic, with essentially feudal tendencies.

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Hence, except in time of war, the toquis possess but the shadow of sovereignty, and the power resides in the entire body of the chiefs, who, in questions of importance, decide in a general diet, called the _Auca-coyog_, the great council, or council of free men, for such is the name they claim for themselves, and very justly, for no power has yet been able to subdue them.

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading Hence, except in time of war, the toquis possess but the shadow of sovereignty, and the power resides in the entire body of the chiefs, who, in questions of importance, decide in a general diet, called the _Auca-coyog_, the great council, or council of free men, for such is the name they claim for themselves, and very justly, for no power has yet been able to subdue them.

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These councils are generally held in the presence of all, in a vast prairie.

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Hence, except in time of war, the toquis possess but the shadow of sovereignty, and the power resides in the entire body of the chiefs, who, in questions of importance, decide in a general diet, called the _Auca-coyog_, the great council, or council of free men, for such is the name they claim for themselves, and very justly, for no power has yet been able to subdue them.

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This government, which affects all the appearances of the feudal system, has all its good qualities and all its defects.

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Their government, the origin of which is lost in the night of time, and which, at the period of the Spanish conquest, was as well organized and carried out as easily as at the present day, is, as we have said in a preceding chapter, an aristocratic republic, with essentially feudal tendencies.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Hence, except in time of war, the toquis possess but the shadow of sovereignty, and the power resides in the entire body of the chiefs, who, in questions of importance, decide in a general diet, called the _Auca-coyog_, the great council, or council of free men, for such is the name they claim for themselves, and very justly, for no power has yet been able to subdue them.

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From this reading Hence, except in time of war, the toquis possess but the shadow of sovereignty, and the power resides in the entire body of the chiefs, who, in questions of importance, decide in a general diet, called the _Auca-coyog_, the great council, or council of free men, for such is the name they claim for themselves, and very justly, for no power has yet been able to subdue them.

plural of “traveller” — a person who changes location

From this reading THE COUNCIL The Araucanos, whom certain travellers, either ill-informed or of bad faith, persist in representing as savage men plunged in the most frightful barbarism, are, on the contrary, a relatively civilized people.

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading These councils are generally held in the presence of all, in a vast prairie.

precisely as stated

From this reading Hence, except in time of war, the toquis possess but the shadow of sovereignty, and the power resides in the entire body of the chiefs, who, in questions of importance, decide in a general diet, called the _Auca-coyog_, the great council, or council of free men, for such is the name they claim for themselves, and very justly, for no power has yet been able to subdue them.

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading Hence, except in time of war, the toquis possess but the shadow of sovereignty, and the power resides in the entire body of the chiefs, who, in questions of importance, decide in a general diet, called the _Auca-coyog_, the great council, or council of free men, for such is the name they claim for themselves, and very justly, for no power has yet been able to subdue them.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Their government, the origin of which is lost in the night of time, and which, at the period of the Spanish conquest, was as well organized and carried out as easily as at the present day, is, as we have said in a preceding chapter, an aristocratic republic, with essentially feudal tendencies.

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Their government, the origin of which is lost in the night of time, and which, at the period of the Spanish conquest, was as well organized and carried out as easily as at the present day, is, as we have said in a preceding chapter, an aristocratic republic, with essentially feudal tendencies.

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Their government, the origin of which is lost in the night of time, and which, at the period of the Spanish conquest, was as well organized and carried out as easily as at the present day, is, as we have said in a preceding chapter, an aristocratic republic, with essentially feudal tendencies.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Their government, the origin of which is lost in the night of time, and which, at the period of the Spanish conquest, was as well organized and carried out as easily as at the present day, is, as we have said in a preceding chapter, an aristocratic republic, with essentially feudal tendencies.

which person or people

From this reading Hence, except in time of war, the toquis possess but the shadow of sovereignty, and the power resides in the entire body of the chiefs, who, in questions of importance, decide in a general diet, called the _Auca-coyog_, the great council, or council of free men, for such is the name they claim for themselves, and very justly, for no power has yet been able to subdue them.

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading THE COUNCIL The Araucanos, whom certain travellers, either ill-informed or of bad faith, persist in representing as savage men plunged in the most frightful barbarism, are, on the contrary, a relatively civilized people.

in the company of; together with

From this reading Their government, the origin of which is lost in the night of time, and which, at the period of the Spanish conquest, was as well organized and carried out as easily as at the present day, is, as we have said in a preceding chapter, an aristocratic republic, with essentially feudal tendencies.

but in spite of that

From this reading Hence, except in time of war, the toquis possess but the shadow of sovereignty, and the power resides in the entire body of the chiefs, who, in questions of importance, decide in a general diet, called the _Auca-coyog_, the great council, or council of free men, for such is the name they claim for themselves, and very justly, for no power has yet been able to subdue them.