Chapter XI · Chapter 11

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The Khanates of Bokhara and Samarkand used to form Sogdiana, a Persian satrapy inhabited by the Tadjiks and afterwards by the Usbegs, who invaded the country at the close of the fifteenth century.

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading The Khanates of Bokhara and Samarkand used to form Sogdiana, a Persian satrapy inhabited by the Tadjiks and afterwards by the Usbegs, who invaded the country at the close of the fifteenth century.

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading But another invasion, much more modern, is to be feared, that of the sands, now that the saksaouls intended to bring the sandhills to a standstill, have almost completely disappeared.

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading It was the town with the seven gates, which an immense wall surrounded in the days of its splendor, and its trade with China has always been considerable.

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It was the town with the seven gates, which an immense wall surrounded in the days of its splendor, and its trade with China has always been considerable.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The Khanates of Bokhara and Samarkand used to form Sogdiana, a Persian satrapy inhabited by the Tadjiks and afterwards by the Usbegs, who invaded the country at the close of the fifteenth century.

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading But another invasion, much more modern, is to be feared, that of the sands, now that the saksaouls intended to bring the sandhills to a standstill, have almost completely disappeared.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The Khanates of Bokhara and Samarkand used to form Sogdiana, a Persian satrapy inhabited by the Tadjiks and afterwards by the Usbegs, who invaded the country at the close of the fifteenth century.

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading But another invasion, much more modern, is to be feared, that of the sands, now that the saksaouls intended to bring the sandhills to a standstill, have almost completely disappeared.

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It was the town with the seven gates, which an immense wall surrounded in the days of its splendor, and its trade with China has always been considerable.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Khanates of Bokhara and Samarkand used to form Sogdiana, a Persian satrapy inhabited by the Tadjiks and afterwards by the Usbegs, who invaded the country at the close of the fifteenth century.

take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading But another invasion, much more modern, is to be feared, that of the sands, now that the saksaouls intended to bring the sandhills to a standstill, have almost completely disappeared.

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But another invasion, much more modern, is to be feared, that of the sands, now that the saksaouls intended to bring the sandhills to a standstill, have almost completely disappeared.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The Khanates of Bokhara and Samarkand used to form Sogdiana, a Persian satrapy inhabited by the Tadjiks and afterwards by the Usbegs, who invaded the country at the close of the fifteenth century.

assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading Bokhara, the capital of the Khanate, is the Rome of Islam, the Noble City, the City of Temples, the revered centre of the Mahometan religion.

a low-lying region in central France

From this reading Bokhara, the capital of the Khanate, is the Rome of Islam, the Noble City, the City of Temples, the revered centre of the Mahometan religion.

a period of 100 years

From this reading The Khanates of Bokhara and Samarkand used to form Sogdiana, a Persian satrapy inhabited by the Tadjiks and afterwards by the Usbegs, who invaded the country at the close of the fifteenth century.

a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world

From this reading It was the town with the seven gates, which an immense wall surrounded in the days of its splendor, and its trade with China has always been considerable.

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading Bokhara, the capital of the Khanate, is the Rome of Islam, the Noble City, the City of Temples, the revered centre of the Mahometan religion.

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading The Khanates of Bokhara and Samarkand used to form Sogdiana, a Persian satrapy inhabited by the Tadjiks and afterwards by the Usbegs, who invaded the country at the close of the fifteenth century.

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading But another invasion, much more modern, is to be feared, that of the sands, now that the saksaouls intended to bring the sandhills to a standstill, have almost completely disappeared.

large or relatively large in number or amount or extent or degree

From this reading It was the town with the seven gates, which an immense wall surrounded in the days of its splendor, and its trade with China has always been considerable.

third-person singular of “contain” — include or contain; have as a component

From this reading Today it contains eighty thousand inhabitants.

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The Khanates of Bokhara and Samarkand used to form Sogdiana, a Persian satrapy inhabited by the Tadjiks and afterwards by the Usbegs, who invaded the country at the close of the fifteenth century.

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading It was the town with the seven gates, which an immense wall surrounded in the days of its splendor, and its trade with China has always been considerable.

past form of “disappear” — get lost, as without warning or explanation

From this reading But another invasion, much more modern, is to be feared, that of the sands, now that the saksaouls intended to bring the sandhills to a standstill, have almost completely disappeared.

being ten more than seventy

From this reading Today it contains eighty thousand inhabitants.

past form of “fear” — be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading But another invasion, much more modern, is to be feared, that of the sands, now that the saksaouls intended to bring the sandhills to a standstill, have almost completely disappeared.

coming next after the fourteenth and just before the sixteenth in position

From this reading The Khanates of Bokhara and Samarkand used to form Sogdiana, a Persian satrapy inhabited by the Tadjiks and afterwards by the Usbegs, who invaded the country at the close of the fifteenth century.

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading The Khanates of Bokhara and Samarkand used to form Sogdiana, a Persian satrapy inhabited by the Tadjiks and afterwards by the Usbegs, who invaded the country at the close of the fifteenth century.

United States computer entrepreneur whose software company made him the youngest multi-billionaire in the history of the United States (born in 1955)

From this reading It was the town with the seven gates, which an immense wall surrounded in the days of its splendor, and its trade with China has always been considerable.

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was the town with the seven gates, which an immense wall surrounded in the days of its splendor, and its trade with China has always been considerable.

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading But another invasion, much more modern, is to be feared, that of the sands, now that the saksaouls intended to bring the sandhills to a standstill, have almost completely disappeared.

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading It was the town with the seven gates, which an immense wall surrounded in the days of its splendor, and its trade with China has always been considerable.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was the town with the seven gates, which an immense wall surrounded in the days of its splendor, and its trade with China has always been considerable.

plural of “inhabitant” — a person who inhabits a particular place

From this reading Today it contains eighty thousand inhabitants.

having inhabitants; lived in

From this reading The Khanates of Bokhara and Samarkand used to form Sogdiana, a Persian satrapy inhabited by the Tadjiks and afterwards by the Usbegs, who invaded the country at the close of the fifteenth century.

resulting from one's intentions

From this reading But another invasion, much more modern, is to be feared, that of the sands, now that the saksaouls intended to bring the sandhills to a standstill, have almost completely disappeared.

past form of “invade” — march aggressively into another's territory by military force for the purposes of conquest and occupation

From this reading The Khanates of Bokhara and Samarkand used to form Sogdiana, a Persian satrapy inhabited by the Tadjiks and afterwards by the Usbegs, who invaded the country at the close of the fifteenth century.

the act of invading; the act of an army that invades for conquest or plunder

From this reading But another invasion, much more modern, is to be feared, that of the sands, now that the saksaouls intended to bring the sandhills to a standstill, have almost completely disappeared.

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But another invasion, much more modern, is to be feared, that of the sands, now that the saksaouls intended to bring the sandhills to a standstill, have almost completely disappeared.

the civilization of Muslims collectively which is governed by the Muslim religion

From this reading Bokhara, the capital of the Khanate, is the Rome of Islam, the Noble City, the City of Temples, the revered centre of the Mahometan religion.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was the town with the seven gates, which an immense wall surrounded in the days of its splendor, and its trade with China has always been considerable.

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading It was the town with the seven gates, which an immense wall surrounded in the days of its splendor, and its trade with China has always been considerable.

the realm of a khan

From this reading Bokhara, the capital of the Khanate, is the Rome of Islam, the Noble City, the City of Temples, the revered centre of the Mahometan religion.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Khanates of Bokhara and Samarkand used to form Sogdiana, a Persian satrapy inhabited by the Tadjiks and afterwards by the Usbegs, who invaded the country at the close of the fifteenth century.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bokhara, the capital of the Khanate, is the Rome of Islam, the Noble City, the City of Temples, the revered centre of the Mahometan religion.

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading But another invasion, much more modern, is to be feared, that of the sands, now that the saksaouls intended to bring the sandhills to a standstill, have almost completely disappeared.

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading But another invasion, much more modern, is to be feared, that of the sands, now that the saksaouls intended to bring the sandhills to a standstill, have almost completely disappeared.

to a great degree or extent

From this reading But another invasion, much more modern, is to be feared, that of the sands, now that the saksaouls intended to bring the sandhills to a standstill, have almost completely disappeared.

impressive in appearance

From this reading Bokhara, the capital of the Khanate, is the Rome of Islam, the Noble City, the City of Temples, the revered centre of the Mahometan religion.

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading But another invasion, much more modern, is to be feared, that of the sands, now that the saksaouls intended to bring the sandhills to a standstill, have almost completely disappeared.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The Khanates of Bokhara and Samarkand used to form Sogdiana, a Persian satrapy inhabited by the Tadjiks and afterwards by the Usbegs, who invaded the country at the close of the fifteenth century.

a native or inhabitant of Iran

From this reading The Khanates of Bokhara and Samarkand used to form Sogdiana, a Persian satrapy inhabited by the Tadjiks and afterwards by the Usbegs, who invaded the country at the close of the fifteenth century.

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading Bokhara, the capital of the Khanate, is the Rome of Islam, the Noble City, the City of Temples, the revered centre of the Mahometan religion.

profoundly honored

From this reading Bokhara, the capital of the Khanate, is the Rome of Islam, the Noble City, the City of Temples, the revered centre of the Mahometan religion.

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading Bokhara, the capital of the Khanate, is the Rome of Islam, the Noble City, the City of Temples, the revered centre of the Mahometan religion.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But another invasion, much more modern, is to be feared, that of the sands, now that the saksaouls intended to bring the sandhills to a standstill, have almost completely disappeared.

city in southern Uzbekistan; Tamerlane's opulent capital in the 14th century

From this reading The Khanates of Bokhara and Samarkand used to form Sogdiana, a Persian satrapy inhabited by the Tadjiks and afterwards by the Usbegs, who invaded the country at the close of the fifteenth century.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But another invasion, much more modern, is to be feared, that of the sands, now that the saksaouls intended to bring the sandhills to a standstill, have almost completely disappeared.

the region of the shore of a lake or sea or ocean

From this reading But another invasion, much more modern, is to be feared, that of the sands, now that the saksaouls intended to bring the sandhills to a standstill, have almost completely disappeared.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Khanates of Bokhara and Samarkand used to form Sogdiana, a Persian satrapy inhabited by the Tadjiks and afterwards by the Usbegs, who invaded the country at the close of the fifteenth century.

the cardinal number that is the sum of six and one

From this reading It was the town with the seven gates, which an immense wall surrounded in the days of its splendor, and its trade with China has always been considerable.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Khanates of Bokhara and Samarkand used to form Sogdiana, a Persian satrapy inhabited by the Tadjiks and afterwards by the Usbegs, who invaded the country at the close of the fifteenth century.

Magnificent and splendid appearance; grandeur and brilliance.

From this reading It was the town with the seven gates, which an immense wall surrounded in the days of its splendor, and its trade with China has always been considerable.

a situation in which no progress can be made or no advancement is possible

From this reading But another invasion, much more modern, is to be feared, that of the sands, now that the saksaouls intended to bring the sandhills to a standstill, have almost completely disappeared.

confined on all sides

From this reading It was the town with the seven gates, which an immense wall surrounded in the days of its splendor, and its trade with China has always been considerable.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Khanates of Bokhara and Samarkand used to form Sogdiana, a Persian satrapy inhabited by the Tadjiks and afterwards by the Usbegs, who invaded the country at the close of the fifteenth century.

plural of “temple” — place of worship consisting of an edifice for the worship of a deity

From this reading Bokhara, the capital of the Khanate, is the Rome of Islam, the Noble City, the City of Temples, the revered centre of the Mahometan religion.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading But another invasion, much more modern, is to be feared, that of the sands, now that the saksaouls intended to bring the sandhills to a standstill, have almost completely disappeared.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The Khanates of Bokhara and Samarkand used to form Sogdiana, a Persian satrapy inhabited by the Tadjiks and afterwards by the Usbegs, who invaded the country at the close of the fifteenth century.

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading Today it contains eighty thousand inhabitants.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The Khanates of Bokhara and Samarkand used to form Sogdiana, a Persian satrapy inhabited by the Tadjiks and afterwards by the Usbegs, who invaded the country at the close of the fifteenth century.

the present time or age

From this reading Today it contains eighty thousand inhabitants.

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading It was the town with the seven gates, which an immense wall surrounded in the days of its splendor, and its trade with China has always been considerable.

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading It was the town with the seven gates, which an immense wall surrounded in the days of its splendor, and its trade with China has always been considerable.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Khanates of Bokhara and Samarkand used to form Sogdiana, a Persian satrapy inhabited by the Tadjiks and afterwards by the Usbegs, who invaded the country at the close of the fifteenth century.

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading The Khanates of Bokhara and Samarkand used to form Sogdiana, a Persian satrapy inhabited by the Tadjiks and afterwards by the Usbegs, who invaded the country at the close of the fifteenth century.

an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading It was the town with the seven gates, which an immense wall surrounded in the days of its splendor, and its trade with China has always been considerable.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was the town with the seven gates, which an immense wall surrounded in the days of its splendor, and its trade with China has always been considerable.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It was the town with the seven gates, which an immense wall surrounded in the days of its splendor, and its trade with China has always been considerable.

which person or people

From this reading The Khanates of Bokhara and Samarkand used to form Sogdiana, a Persian satrapy inhabited by the Tadjiks and afterwards by the Usbegs, who invaded the country at the close of the fifteenth century.

in the company of; together with

From this reading It was the town with the seven gates, which an immense wall surrounded in the days of its splendor, and its trade with China has always been considerable.