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The adventures of Rob Roy
The adventures of Rob Roy

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of The adventures of Rob Roy is here in full — 48 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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ROB TAKES THE TOWER OF CARDEN.
The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.
Montrose and Killearn were, at that time, beyond Rob's reach; so on Archibald Stirling, of Carden, who had long withheld his tribute of black-mail for service and protection rendered, fell the first burst of his indignation.
It was on a day in the harvest of 1710, that he marched about two hundred and fifty men, in hostile array, with pipes playing, through the parish of Kippen, after passing through the wild glens that lie at the feet of Benmore and Benledi.
This force suddenly appeared before the castle of Carden, which stood on an eminence or island, formed by what was then a loch, but the bed of which is now a rich green meadow, and its name signifies "Caer-dun," or, the fort on the height.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The adventures of Rob Roy

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of The adventures of Rob Roy is here in full — 48 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/9 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ROB TAKES THE TOWER OF CARDEN.
Line 2
The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.
Line 3
Montrose and Killearn were, at that time, beyond Rob's reach; so on Archibald Stirling, of Carden, who had long withheld his tribute of black-mail for service and protection rendered, fell the first burst of his indignation.
Line 4
It was on a day in the harvest of 1710, that he marched about two hundred and fifty men, in hostile array, with pipes playing, through the parish of Kippen, after passing through the wild glens that lie at the feet of Benmore and Benledi.
Line 5
This force suddenly appeared before the castle of Carden, which stood on an eminence or island, formed by what was then a loch, but the bed of which is now a rich green meadow, and its name signifies "Caer-dun," or, the fort on the height.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abounded verb US /əˈbaʊndɪd/

past form of “abound” — be abundant or plentiful; exist in large quantities

From this reading “The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.”

glens noun US /ɡlenz/

plural of “glen” — a narrow secluded valley (in the mountains)

From this reading “It was on a day in the harvest of 1710, that he marched about two hundred and fifty men, in hostile array, with pipes playing, through the parish of Kippen, after passing through the wild glens that lie at the feet of Benmore and Benledi.”

loch noun US /lɑːk/

a long narrow inlet of the sea in Scotland (especially when it is nearly landlocked)

From this reading “This force suddenly appeared before the castle of Carden, which stood on an eminence or island, formed by what was then a loch, but the bed of which is now a rich green meadow, and its name signifies "Caer-dun," or, the fort on the height.”

moors noun US /mʊrz/

plural of “moor” — one of the Muslim people of north Africa; of mixed Arab and Berber descent; converted to Islam in the 8th century; conqueror of Spain in the 8th century

From this reading “The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.”

outlawed adjective US /ˈaʊtlɔːd/

contrary to or forbidden by law

From this reading “The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.”

pastures noun US /ˈpæstʃərz/

plural of “pasture” — a field covered with grass or herbage and suitable for grazing by livestock

From this reading “The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.”

signifies verb US /ˈsɪɡnəfaɪz/

third-person singular of “signify” — denote or connote

From this reading “This force suddenly appeared before the castle of Carden, which stood on an eminence or island, formed by what was then a loch, but the bed of which is now a rich green meadow, and its name signifies "Caer-dun," or, the fort on the height.”

withheld verb US /wɪθˈheld/

inflected form of “withhold” — hold back; refuse to hand over or share

From this reading “Montrose and Killearn were, at that time, beyond Rob's reach; so on Archibald Stirling, of Carden, who had long withheld his tribute of black-mail for service and protection rendered, fell the first burst of his indignation.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

green meadow noun + noun

In this reading “This force suddenly appeared before the castle of Carden, which stood on an eminence or island, formed by what was then a loch, but the bed of which is now a rich green meadow, and its name signifies "Caer-dun," or, the fort on the height.”

two hundred noun + noun

being ten more than one hundred ninety

In this reading “It was on a day in the harvest of 1710, that he marched about two hundred and fifty men, in hostile array, with pipes playing, through the parish of Kippen, after passing through the wild glens that lie at the feet of Benmore and Benledi.”

red deer noun + noun

common deer of temperate Europe and Asia

In this reading “The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.”

fifty men noun + noun

In this reading “It was on a day in the harvest of 1710, that he marched about two hundred and fifty men, in hostile array, with pipes playing, through the parish of Kippen, after passing through the wild glens that lie at the feet of Benmore and Benledi.”

after passing preposition + noun

In this reading “It was on a day in the harvest of 1710, that he marched about two hundred and fifty men, in hostile array, with pipes playing, through the parish of Kippen, after passing through the wild glens that lie at the feet of Benmore and Benledi.”

abounded with verb + particle counted as “abound with”

In this reading “The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.”

appeared before verb + particle counted as “appear before”

In this reading “This force suddenly appeared before the castle of Carden, which stood on an eminence or island, formed by what was then a loch, but the bed of which is now a rich green meadow, and its name signifies "Caer-dun," or, the fort on the height.”

at the feet preposition + article + noun counted as “at … foot”

In this reading “It was on a day in the harvest of 1710, that he marched about two hundred and fifty men, in hostile array, with pipes playing, through the parish of Kippen, after passing through the wild glens that lie at the feet of Benmore and Benledi.”

All words in this reading · 127

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1710

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was on a day in the harvest of 1710, that he marched about two hundred and fifty men, in hostile array, with pipes playing, through the parish of Kippen, after passing through the wild glens that lie at the feet of Benmore and Benledi.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It was on a day in the harvest of 1710, that he marched about two hundred and fifty men, in hostile array, with pipes playing, through the parish of Kippen, after passing through the wild glens that lie at the feet of Benmore and Benledi.

aboundedverbUS /əˈbaʊndɪd/

past form of “abound” — be abundant or plentiful; exist in large quantities

From this reading The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading It was on a day in the harvest of 1710, that he marched about two hundred and fifty men, in hostile array, with pipes playing, through the parish of Kippen, after passing through the wild glens that lie at the feet of Benmore and Benledi.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading It was on a day in the harvest of 1710, that he marched about two hundred and fifty men, in hostile array, with pipes playing, through the parish of Kippen, after passing through the wild glens that lie at the feet of Benmore and Benledi.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading This force suddenly appeared before the castle of Carden, which stood on an eminence or island, formed by what was then a loch, but the bed of which is now a rich green meadow, and its name signifies "Caer-dun," or, the fort on the height.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading This force suddenly appeared before the castle of Carden, which stood on an eminence or island, formed by what was then a loch, but the bed of which is now a rich green meadow, and its name signifies "Caer-dun," or, the fort on the height.

Archibald

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Montrose and Killearn were, at that time, beyond Rob's reach; so on Archibald Stirling, of Carden, who had long withheld his tribute of black-mail for service and protection rendered, fell the first burst of his indignation.

arraynounUS /ərˈeɪ/

an orderly arrangement

From this reading It was on a day in the harvest of 1710, that he marched about two hundred and fifty men, in hostile array, with pipes playing, through the parish of Kippen, after passing through the wild glens that lie at the feet of Benmore and Benledi.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Montrose and Killearn were, at that time, beyond Rob's reach; so on Archibald Stirling, of Carden, who had long withheld his tribute of black-mail for service and protection rendered, fell the first burst of his indignation.

bednounUS /bed/

a piece of furniture that provides a place to sleep

From this reading This force suddenly appeared before the castle of Carden, which stood on an eminence or island, formed by what was then a loch, but the bed of which is now a rich green meadow, and its name signifies "Caer-dun," or, the fort on the height.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading This force suddenly appeared before the castle of Carden, which stood on an eminence or island, formed by what was then a loch, but the bed of which is now a rich green meadow, and its name signifies "Caer-dun," or, the fort on the height.

Benledi

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was on a day in the harvest of 1710, that he marched about two hundred and fifty men, in hostile array, with pipes playing, through the parish of Kippen, after passing through the wild glens that lie at the feet of Benmore and Benledi.

Benmore

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was on a day in the harvest of 1710, that he marched about two hundred and fifty men, in hostile array, with pipes playing, through the parish of Kippen, after passing through the wild glens that lie at the feet of Benmore and Benledi.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading Montrose and Killearn were, at that time, beyond Rob's reach; so on Archibald Stirling, of Carden, who had long withheld his tribute of black-mail for service and protection rendered, fell the first burst of his indignation.

black-mail

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Montrose and Killearn were, at that time, beyond Rob's reach; so on Archibald Stirling, of Carden, who had long withheld his tribute of black-mail for service and protection rendered, fell the first burst of his indignation.

burstverbUS /bɜːrst/

come open suddenly and violently, as if from internal pressure

From this reading Montrose and Killearn were, at that time, beyond Rob's reach; so on Archibald Stirling, of Carden, who had long withheld his tribute of black-mail for service and protection rendered, fell the first burst of his indignation.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading This force suddenly appeared before the castle of Carden, which stood on an eminence or island, formed by what was then a loch, but the bed of which is now a rich green meadow, and its name signifies "Caer-dun," or, the fort on the height.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading This force suddenly appeared before the castle of Carden, which stood on an eminence or island, formed by what was then a loch, but the bed of which is now a rich green meadow, and its name signifies "Caer-dun," or, the fort on the height.

Caer-dun

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This force suddenly appeared before the castle of Carden, which stood on an eminence or island, formed by what was then a loch, but the bed of which is now a rich green meadow, and its name signifies "Caer-dun," or, the fort on the height.

CARDEN

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ROB TAKES THE TOWER OF CARDEN.

castlenounUS /ˈkæsəl/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading This force suddenly appeared before the castle of Carden, which stood on an eminence or island, formed by what was then a loch, but the bed of which is now a rich green meadow, and its name signifies "Caer-dun," or, the fort on the height.

cattlenounUS /ˈkætəl/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.

daredverbUS /derd/

past form of “dare” — take upon oneself; act presumptuously, without permission

From this reading The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading It was on a day in the harvest of 1710, that he marched about two hundred and fifty men, in hostile array, with pipes playing, through the parish of Kippen, after passing through the wild glens that lie at the feet of Benmore and Benledi.

deernounUS /dɪr/

distinguished from Bovidae by the male's having solid deciduous antlers

From this reading The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.

eminencenounUS /ˈemənəns/

high status importance owing to marked superiority

From this reading This force suddenly appeared before the castle of Carden, which stood on an eminence or island, formed by what was then a loch, but the bed of which is now a rich green meadow, and its name signifies "Caer-dun," or, the fort on the height.

fastnesses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading It was on a day in the harvest of 1710, that he marched about two hundred and fifty men, in hostile array, with pipes playing, through the parish of Kippen, after passing through the wild glens that lie at the feet of Benmore and Benledi.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading Montrose and Killearn were, at that time, beyond Rob's reach; so on Archibald Stirling, of Carden, who had long withheld his tribute of black-mail for service and protection rendered, fell the first burst of his indignation.

fiftynounUS /ˈfɪfti/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and five

From this reading It was on a day in the harvest of 1710, that he marched about two hundred and fifty men, in hostile array, with pipes playing, through the parish of Kippen, after passing through the wild glens that lie at the feet of Benmore and Benledi.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Montrose and Killearn were, at that time, beyond Rob's reach; so on Archibald Stirling, of Carden, who had long withheld his tribute of black-mail for service and protection rendered, fell the first burst of his indignation.

fishnounUS /fɪʃ/

any of various mostly cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates usually having scales and breathing through gills

From this reading The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.

followverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊ/

to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.

followersnounUS /ˈfɑːloʊərz/

a group of followers or enthusiasts

From this reading The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Montrose and Killearn were, at that time, beyond Rob's reach; so on Archibald Stirling, of Carden, who had long withheld his tribute of black-mail for service and protection rendered, fell the first burst of his indignation.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading This force suddenly appeared before the castle of Carden, which stood on an eminence or island, formed by what was then a loch, but the bed of which is now a rich green meadow, and its name signifies "Caer-dun," or, the fort on the height.

forestsnounUS /ˈfɔːrəsts/

plural of “forest” — the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading This force suddenly appeared before the castle of Carden, which stood on an eminence or island, formed by what was then a loch, but the bed of which is now a rich green meadow, and its name signifies "Caer-dun," or, the fort on the height.

fortnounUS /fɔːrt/

a fortified military post where troops are stationed

From this reading This force suddenly appeared before the castle of Carden, which stood on an eminence or island, formed by what was then a loch, but the bed of which is now a rich green meadow, and its name signifies "Caer-dun," or, the fort on the height.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.

gamenounUS /ɡeɪm/

a contest with rules to determine a winner

From this reading The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.

glensnounUS /ɡlenz/

plural of “glen” — a narrow secluded valley (in the mountains)

From this reading It was on a day in the harvest of 1710, that he marched about two hundred and fifty men, in hostile array, with pipes playing, through the parish of Kippen, after passing through the wild glens that lie at the feet of Benmore and Benledi.

Grahames

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading This force suddenly appeared before the castle of Carden, which stood on an eminence or island, formed by what was then a loch, but the bed of which is now a rich green meadow, and its name signifies "Caer-dun," or, the fort on the height.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Montrose and Killearn were, at that time, beyond Rob's reach; so on Archibald Stirling, of Carden, who had long withheld his tribute of black-mail for service and protection rendered, fell the first burst of his indignation.

harvestnounUS /ˈhɑːrvəst/

the yield from plants in a single growing season

From this reading It was on a day in the harvest of 1710, that he marched about two hundred and fifty men, in hostile array, with pipes playing, through the parish of Kippen, after passing through the wild glens that lie at the feet of Benmore and Benledi.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It was on a day in the harvest of 1710, that he marched about two hundred and fifty men, in hostile array, with pipes playing, through the parish of Kippen, after passing through the wild glens that lie at the feet of Benmore and Benledi.

heightnounUS /haɪt/

the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top

From this reading This force suddenly appeared before the castle of Carden, which stood on an eminence or island, formed by what was then a loch, but the bed of which is now a rich green meadow, and its name signifies "Caer-dun," or, the fort on the height.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.

hostileadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːstəl/

characterized by enmity or ill will

From this reading It was on a day in the harvest of 1710, that he marched about two hundred and fifty men, in hostile array, with pipes playing, through the parish of Kippen, after passing through the wild glens that lie at the feet of Benmore and Benledi.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading It was on a day in the harvest of 1710, that he marched about two hundred and fifty men, in hostile array, with pipes playing, through the parish of Kippen, after passing through the wild glens that lie at the feet of Benmore and Benledi.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.

indignationnounUS /ˌɪndɪɡˈneɪʃən/

a feeling of righteous anger

From this reading Montrose and Killearn were, at that time, beyond Rob's reach; so on Archibald Stirling, of Carden, who had long withheld his tribute of black-mail for service and protection rendered, fell the first burst of his indignation.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This force suddenly appeared before the castle of Carden, which stood on an eminence or island, formed by what was then a loch, but the bed of which is now a rich green meadow, and its name signifies "Caer-dun," or, the fort on the height.

islandnounUS /ˈaɪlənd/

a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water

From this reading This force suddenly appeared before the castle of Carden, which stood on an eminence or island, formed by what was then a loch, but the bed of which is now a rich green meadow, and its name signifies "Caer-dun," or, the fort on the height.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was on a day in the harvest of 1710, that he marched about two hundred and fifty men, in hostile array, with pipes playing, through the parish of Kippen, after passing through the wild glens that lie at the feet of Benmore and Benledi.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading This force suddenly appeared before the castle of Carden, which stood on an eminence or island, formed by what was then a loch, but the bed of which is now a rich green meadow, and its name signifies "Caer-dun," or, the fort on the height.

Killearn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Montrose and Killearn were, at that time, beyond Rob's reach; so on Archibald Stirling, of Carden, who had long withheld his tribute of black-mail for service and protection rendered, fell the first burst of his indignation.

Kippen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was on a day in the harvest of 1710, that he marched about two hundred and fifty men, in hostile array, with pipes playing, through the parish of Kippen, after passing through the wild glens that lie at the feet of Benmore and Benledi.

lieverbUS /laɪ/

be located or situated somewhere; occupy a certain position

From this reading It was on a day in the harvest of 1710, that he marched about two hundred and fifty men, in hostile array, with pipes playing, through the parish of Kippen, after passing through the wild glens that lie at the feet of Benmore and Benledi.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.

lochnounUS /lɑːk/

a long narrow inlet of the sea in Scotland (especially when it is nearly landlocked)

From this reading This force suddenly appeared before the castle of Carden, which stood on an eminence or island, formed by what was then a loch, but the bed of which is now a rich green meadow, and its name signifies "Caer-dun," or, the fort on the height.

lochs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Montrose and Killearn were, at that time, beyond Rob's reach; so on Archibald Stirling, of Carden, who had long withheld his tribute of black-mail for service and protection rendered, fell the first burst of his indignation.

marchedverbUS /mɑːrtʃt/

past form of “march” — march in a procession

From this reading It was on a day in the harvest of 1710, that he marched about two hundred and fifty men, in hostile array, with pipes playing, through the parish of Kippen, after passing through the wild glens that lie at the feet of Benmore and Benledi.

meadownounUS /ˈmedoʊ/

a field where grass or alfalfa are grown to be made into hay

From this reading This force suddenly appeared before the castle of Carden, which stood on an eminence or island, formed by what was then a loch, but the bed of which is now a rich green meadow, and its name signifies "Caer-dun," or, the fort on the height.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading It was on a day in the harvest of 1710, that he marched about two hundred and fifty men, in hostile array, with pipes playing, through the parish of Kippen, after passing through the wild glens that lie at the feet of Benmore and Benledi.

Montrose

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Montrose and Killearn were, at that time, beyond Rob's reach; so on Archibald Stirling, of Carden, who had long withheld his tribute of black-mail for service and protection rendered, fell the first burst of his indignation.

moorsnounUS /mʊrz/

plural of “moor” — one of the Muslim people of north Africa; of mixed Arab and Berber descent; converted to Islam in the 8th century; conqueror of Spain in the 8th century

From this reading The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.

mountainnounUS /ˈmaʊntən/

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading This force suddenly appeared before the castle of Carden, which stood on an eminence or island, formed by what was then a loch, but the bed of which is now a rich green meadow, and its name signifies "Caer-dun," or, the fort on the height.

nonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading This force suddenly appeared before the castle of Carden, which stood on an eminence or island, formed by what was then a loch, but the bed of which is now a rich green meadow, and its name signifies "Caer-dun," or, the fort on the height.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading ROB TAKES THE TOWER OF CARDEN.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Montrose and Killearn were, at that time, beyond Rob's reach; so on Archibald Stirling, of Carden, who had long withheld his tribute of black-mail for service and protection rendered, fell the first burst of his indignation.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading This force suddenly appeared before the castle of Carden, which stood on an eminence or island, formed by what was then a loch, but the bed of which is now a rich green meadow, and its name signifies "Caer-dun," or, the fort on the height.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.

outlawedadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtlɔːd/

contrary to or forbidden by law

From this reading The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.

parishnounUS /ˈpærɪʃ/

a local church community

From this reading It was on a day in the harvest of 1710, that he marched about two hundred and fifty men, in hostile array, with pipes playing, through the parish of Kippen, after passing through the wild glens that lie at the feet of Benmore and Benledi.

passingnounUS /ˈpæsɪŋ/

(American football) a play that involves one player throwing the ball to a teammate

From this reading It was on a day in the harvest of 1710, that he marched about two hundred and fifty men, in hostile array, with pipes playing, through the parish of Kippen, after passing through the wild glens that lie at the feet of Benmore and Benledi.

pasturesnounUS /ˈpæstʃərz/

plural of “pasture” — a field covered with grass or herbage and suitable for grazing by livestock

From this reading The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.

pipesnounUS /paɪps/

plural of “pipe” — a tube with a small bowl at one end; used for smoking tobacco

From this reading It was on a day in the harvest of 1710, that he marched about two hundred and fifty men, in hostile array, with pipes playing, through the parish of Kippen, after passing through the wild glens that lie at the feet of Benmore and Benledi.

playingnounUS /ˈpleɪɪŋ/

the act of playing a musical instrument

From this reading It was on a day in the harvest of 1710, that he marched about two hundred and fifty men, in hostile array, with pipes playing, through the parish of Kippen, after passing through the wild glens that lie at the feet of Benmore and Benledi.

protectionnounUS /prəˈtekʃən/

the activity of protecting someone or something

From this reading Montrose and Killearn were, at that time, beyond Rob's reach; so on Archibald Stirling, of Carden, who had long withheld his tribute of black-mail for service and protection rendered, fell the first burst of his indignation.

reachverbUS /riːtʃ/

reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading Montrose and Killearn were, at that time, beyond Rob's reach; so on Archibald Stirling, of Carden, who had long withheld his tribute of black-mail for service and protection rendered, fell the first burst of his indignation.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.

renderedverbUS /ˈrendərd/

past form of “render” — cause to become

From this reading Montrose and Killearn were, at that time, beyond Rob's reach; so on Archibald Stirling, of Carden, who had long withheld his tribute of black-mail for service and protection rendered, fell the first burst of his indignation.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading This force suddenly appeared before the castle of Carden, which stood on an eminence or island, formed by what was then a loch, but the bed of which is now a rich green meadow, and its name signifies "Caer-dun," or, the fort on the height.

riversnounUS /ˈrɪvərz/

plural of “river” — a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.

ROBverbUS /rɑːb/

take something away by force or without the consent of the owner

From this reading ROB TAKES THE TOWER OF CARDEN.

Rob's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Montrose and Killearn were, at that time, beyond Rob's reach; so on Archibald Stirling, of Carden, who had long withheld his tribute of black-mail for service and protection rendered, fell the first burst of his indignation.

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading Montrose and Killearn were, at that time, beyond Rob's reach; so on Archibald Stirling, of Carden, who had long withheld his tribute of black-mail for service and protection rendered, fell the first burst of his indignation.

signifiesverbUS /ˈsɪɡnəfaɪz/

third-person singular of “signify” — denote or connote

From this reading This force suddenly appeared before the castle of Carden, which stood on an eminence or island, formed by what was then a loch, but the bed of which is now a rich green meadow, and its name signifies "Caer-dun," or, the fort on the height.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Montrose and Killearn were, at that time, beyond Rob's reach; so on Archibald Stirling, of Carden, who had long withheld his tribute of black-mail for service and protection rendered, fell the first burst of his indignation.

Stirling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Montrose and Killearn were, at that time, beyond Rob's reach; so on Archibald Stirling, of Carden, who had long withheld his tribute of black-mail for service and protection rendered, fell the first burst of his indignation.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading This force suddenly appeared before the castle of Carden, which stood on an eminence or island, formed by what was then a loch, but the bed of which is now a rich green meadow, and its name signifies "Caer-dun," or, the fort on the height.

suddenlyadverbUS /ˈsʌdənli/

happening unexpectedly

From this reading This force suddenly appeared before the castle of Carden, which stood on an eminence or island, formed by what was then a loch, but the bed of which is now a rich green meadow, and its name signifies "Caer-dun," or, the fort on the height.

sumptuouslyadverb

in a sumptuous and opulent manner

From this reading The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.

TAKESnounUS /teɪks/

plural of “take” — the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property

From this reading ROB TAKES THE TOWER OF CARDEN.

teemed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Montrose and Killearn were, at that time, beyond Rob's reach; so on Archibald Stirling, of Carden, who had long withheld his tribute of black-mail for service and protection rendered, fell the first burst of his indignation.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ROB TAKES THE TOWER OF CARDEN.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading This force suddenly appeared before the castle of Carden, which stood on an eminence or island, formed by what was then a loch, but the bed of which is now a rich green meadow, and its name signifies "Caer-dun," or, the fort on the height.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This force suddenly appeared before the castle of Carden, which stood on an eminence or island, formed by what was then a loch, but the bed of which is now a rich green meadow, and its name signifies "Caer-dun," or, the fort on the height.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading It was on a day in the harvest of 1710, that he marched about two hundred and fifty men, in hostile array, with pipes playing, through the parish of Kippen, after passing through the wild glens that lie at the feet of Benmore and Benledi.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Montrose and Killearn were, at that time, beyond Rob's reach; so on Archibald Stirling, of Carden, who had long withheld his tribute of black-mail for service and protection rendered, fell the first burst of his indignation.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.

TOWERnounUS /ˈtaʊər/

a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building

From this reading ROB TAKES THE TOWER OF CARDEN.

tributenounUS /ˈtrɪbjuːt/

something given or done as an expression of esteem

From this reading Montrose and Killearn were, at that time, beyond Rob's reach; so on Archibald Stirling, of Carden, who had long withheld his tribute of black-mail for service and protection rendered, fell the first burst of his indignation.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading It was on a day in the harvest of 1710, that he marched about two hundred and fifty men, in hostile array, with pipes playing, through the parish of Kippen, after passing through the wild glens that lie at the feet of Benmore and Benledi.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was on a day in the harvest of 1710, that he marched about two hundred and fifty men, in hostile array, with pipes playing, through the parish of Kippen, after passing through the wild glens that lie at the feet of Benmore and Benledi.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading This force suddenly appeared before the castle of Carden, which stood on an eminence or island, formed by what was then a loch, but the bed of which is now a rich green meadow, and its name signifies "Caer-dun," or, the fort on the height.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading This force suddenly appeared before the castle of Carden, which stood on an eminence or island, formed by what was then a loch, but the bed of which is now a rich green meadow, and its name signifies "Caer-dun," or, the fort on the height.

whitheradverbUS /ˈwɪðər/

an old word meaning “to where”

From this reading The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Montrose and Killearn were, at that time, beyond Rob's reach; so on Archibald Stirling, of Carden, who had long withheld his tribute of black-mail for service and protection rendered, fell the first burst of his indignation.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading It was on a day in the harvest of 1710, that he marched about two hundred and fifty men, in hostile array, with pipes playing, through the parish of Kippen, after passing through the wild glens that lie at the feet of Benmore and Benledi.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.

withheldverbUS /wɪθˈheld/

inflected form of “withhold” — hold back; refuse to hand over or share

From this reading Montrose and Killearn were, at that time, beyond Rob's reach; so on Archibald Stirling, of Carden, who had long withheld his tribute of black-mail for service and protection rendered, fell the first burst of his indignation.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading The hills abounded with red deer, the moors and forests with other game--the lochs and rivers teemed with fish--the pastures of the Grahames were full of cattle; thus, Rob and his outlawed followers lived sumptuously in their mountain fastnesses, whither none, as yet, dared to follow them.

Chapter 12 of The adventures of Rob Roy by James Grant holds 48 sentences, grouped into 10 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of The adventures of Rob Roy contain?

Chapter 12 holds 48 sentences of The adventures of Rob Roy, unabridged, divided into 10 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of The adventures of Rob Roy by James Grant exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 48 sentences, grouped into 10 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of The adventures of Rob Roy?

Work through the 10 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 10 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Vocabulary met early in The adventures of Rob Roy

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Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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