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The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Part 4.
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Part 4.

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Part 4. is here in full — 152 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Part 4.
Context Illustration Reading 1/30 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
TOM'S mind was made up now.
He was gloomy and desperate.
He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?
What right had the friendless to complain?
Yes, they had forced him to it at last: he would lead a life of crime.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Part 4.

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Part 4. is here in full — 152 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/30 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
TOM'S mind was made up now.
/tɑːmz maɪnd wɑːz meɪd ʌp naʊ/
Line 2
He was gloomy and desperate.
/hiː wɑːz ˈɡluːmi ənd ˈdesprɪt/
Line 3
He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?
Line 4
What right had the friendless to complain?
Line 5
Yes, they had forced him to it at last: he would lead a life of crime.
/jes ðeɪ hæd fɔːrst hɪm tuː ɪt æt læst hiː wʊd led ə laɪf ʌv kraɪm/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

blame verb US /bleɪm/

put or pin the blame on

From this reading “He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?”

complain verb US /kəmˈpleɪn/

express complaints, discontent, displeasure, or unhappiness

From this reading “What right had the friendless to complain?”

consequences noun US /ˈkɑːnsəkwensəz/

plural of “consequence” — a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading “He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?”

desperate adjective US /ˈdesprɪt/

arising from or marked by despair or loss of hope

From this reading “He was gloomy and desperate.”

forsaken verb US /fɔːrˈseɪkən/

inflected form of “forsake” — leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the lurch

From this reading “He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?”

gloomy adjective US /ˈɡluːmi/

depressingly dark

From this reading “He was gloomy and desperate.”

rid verb US /rɪd/

relieve from

From this reading “He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?”

tom's noun US /tɑːmz/

possessive form of “tom” — male cat

From this reading “TOM'S mind was made up now.”

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He was gloomy and desperate.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Yes, they had forced him to it at last: he would lead a life of crime.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?

blameverbUS /bleɪm/

put or pin the blame on

From this reading He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?

boynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?

complainverbUS /kəmˈpleɪn/

express complaints, discontent, displeasure, or unhappiness

From this reading What right had the friendless to complain?

consequencesnounUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwensəz/

plural of “consequence” — a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?

crimenounUS /kraɪm/

(criminal law) an act punishable by law; usually considered an evil act

From this reading Yes, they had forced him to it at last: he would lead a life of crime.

desperateadjectiveUS /ˈdesprɪt/

arising from or marked by despair or loss of hope

From this reading He was gloomy and desperate.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?

drivenadjectiveUS /ˈdrɪvən/

compelled forcibly by an outside agency

From this reading He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?

forcedadjectiveUS /fɔːrst/

produced by or subjected to forcing

From this reading Yes, they had forced him to it at last: he would lead a life of crime.

forsakenverbUS /fɔːrˈseɪkən/

inflected form of “forsake” — leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the lurch

From this reading He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?

friendlessadjective

excluded from a society

From this reading He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?

gloomyadjectiveUS /ˈɡluːmi/

depressingly dark

From this reading He was gloomy and desperate.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was gloomy and desperate.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading Yes, they had forced him to it at last: he would lead a life of crime.

leadverbUS /led/

take somebody somewhere

From this reading Yes, they had forced him to it at last: he would lead a life of crime.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Yes, they had forced him to it at last: he would lead a life of crime.

lovedadjectiveUS /lʌvd/

held dear

From this reading He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading TOM'S mind was made up now.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading TOM'S mind was made up now.

nobodypronounUS /ˈnoʊbɑːdiː/

no person; not anyone

From this reading He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading TOM'S mind was made up now.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?

ridverbUS /rɪd/

relieve from

From this reading He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?

shouldn't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?

sorryadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːri/

feeling or expressing regret or sorrow or a sense of loss over something done or undone

From this reading He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?

TOM'SnounUS /tɑːmz/

possessive form of “tom” — male cat

From this reading TOM'S mind was made up now.

triedadjectiveUS /traɪd/

tested and proved useful or correct

From this reading He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading TOM'S mind was made up now.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading TOM'S mind was made up now.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?

whynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading He was a forsaken, friendless boy, he said; nobody loved him; when they found out what they had driven him to, perhaps they would be sorry; he had tried to do right and get along, but they would not let him; since nothing would do them but to be rid of him, let it be so; and let them blame HIM for the consequences--why shouldn't they?

YesnounUS /jes/

an affirmative

From this reading Yes, they had forced him to it at last: he would lead a life of crime.

Chapter 1 of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Part 4. by Mark Twain holds 152 sentences, grouped into 31 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Part 4. contain?

Chapter 1 holds 152 sentences of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Part 4., unabridged, divided into 31 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Part 4. by Mark Twain exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 152 sentences, grouped into 31 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Part 4.?

Work through the 31 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 31 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Part 4.

Common questions about reading The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Part 4. by Mark Twain on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Part 4.?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Part 4. is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Part 4. take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Part 4. section by section

How to work through The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Part 4. section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Part 4.

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Part 4., each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Part 4., divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Part 4., divided into 5-sentence reading sections.