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The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Part 5.
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Part 5.

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Part 5. is here in full — 95 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Part 5.
Context Illustration Reading 1/19 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
VACATION was approaching.
The schoolmaster, always severe, grew severer and more exacting than ever, for he wanted the school to make a good showing on "Examination" day.
His rod and his ferule were seldom idle now--at least among the smaller pupils.
Only the biggest boys, and young ladies of eighteen and twenty, escaped lashing.
Mr. Dobbins' lashings were very vigorous ones, too; for although he carried, under his wig, a perfectly bald and shiny head, he had only reached middle age, and there was no sign of feebleness in his muscle.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Part 5.

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Part 5. is here in full — 95 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/19 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
VACATION was approaching.
/veɪˈkeɪʃən wɑːz əˈproʊtʃɪŋ/
Line 2
The schoolmaster, always severe, grew severer and more exacting than ever, for he wanted the school to make a good showing on "Examination" day.
/ðə ˈskuːlmæstər ˈɔːlweɪz səˈvɪr ɡruː ˈsevɪrər ənd mɔːr ɪɡˈzæktɪŋ ðæn ˈevər fɔːr hiː ˈwɔːntɪd ðə skuːl tuː meɪk ə ɡʊd ˈʃoʊɪŋ ɑːn ɪɡˌzæməˈneɪʃən deɪ/
Line 3
His rod and his ferule were seldom idle now--at least among the smaller pupils.
Line 4
Only the biggest boys, and young ladies of eighteen and twenty, escaped lashing.
/ˈoʊnli ðə ˈbɪɡəst bɔɪz ənd jʌŋ ˈleɪdiz ʌv eɪˈtiːn ənd ˈtwenti ɪˈskeɪpt ˈlæʃɪŋ/
Line 5
Mr. Dobbins' lashings were very vigorous ones, too; for although he carried, under his wig, a perfectly bald and shiny head, he had only reached middle age, and there was no sign of feebleness in his muscle.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Dobbins noun US /ˈdɑːbɪnz/

plural of “dobbin” — a quiet plodding workhorse

From this reading “Mr. Dobbins' lashings were very vigorous ones, too; for although he carried, under his wig, a perfectly bald and shiny head, he had only reached middle age, and there was no sign of feebleness in his muscle.”

exacting adjective US /ɪɡˈzæktɪŋ/

having complicated nutritional requirements; especially growing only in special artificial cultures

From this reading “The schoolmaster, always severe, grew severer and more exacting than ever, for he wanted the school to make a good showing on "Examination" day.”

lashing noun US /ˈlæʃɪŋ/

beating with a whip or strap or rope as a form of punishment

From this reading “Only the biggest boys, and young ladies of eighteen and twenty, escaped lashing.”

lashings noun US /ˈlæʃɪŋz/

a large number or amount

From this reading “Mr. Dobbins' lashings were very vigorous ones, too; for although he carried, under his wig, a perfectly bald and shiny head, he had only reached middle age, and there was no sign of feebleness in his muscle.”

muscle noun US /ˈmʌsəl/

one of the contractile organs of the body

From this reading “Mr. Dobbins' lashings were very vigorous ones, too; for although he carried, under his wig, a perfectly bald and shiny head, he had only reached middle age, and there was no sign of feebleness in his muscle.”

severer adjective US /ˈsevɪrər/

comparative of “severe” — intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality

From this reading “The schoolmaster, always severe, grew severer and more exacting than ever, for he wanted the school to make a good showing on "Examination" day.”

shiny adjective US /ˈʃaɪni/

reflecting light

From this reading “Mr. Dobbins' lashings were very vigorous ones, too; for although he carried, under his wig, a perfectly bald and shiny head, he had only reached middle age, and there was no sign of feebleness in his muscle.”

vacation noun US /veɪˈkeɪʃən/

leisure time away from work devoted to rest or pleasure

From this reading “VACATION was approaching.”

All words in this reading · 73

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The schoolmaster, always severe, grew severer and more exacting than ever, for he wanted the school to make a good showing on "Examination" day.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading Mr. Dobbins' lashings were very vigorous ones, too; for although he carried, under his wig, a perfectly bald and shiny head, he had only reached middle age, and there was no sign of feebleness in his muscle.

althoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Mr. Dobbins' lashings were very vigorous ones, too; for although he carried, under his wig, a perfectly bald and shiny head, he had only reached middle age, and there was no sign of feebleness in his muscle.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading The schoolmaster, always severe, grew severer and more exacting than ever, for he wanted the school to make a good showing on "Examination" day.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading His rod and his ferule were seldom idle now--at least among the smaller pupils.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The schoolmaster, always severe, grew severer and more exacting than ever, for he wanted the school to make a good showing on "Examination" day.

approachingnounUS /əˈproʊtʃɪŋ/

the event of one object coming closer to another

From this reading VACATION was approaching.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading His rod and his ferule were seldom idle now--at least among the smaller pupils.

baldadjectiveUS /bɔːld/

with no effort to conceal

From this reading Mr. Dobbins' lashings were very vigorous ones, too; for although he carried, under his wig, a perfectly bald and shiny head, he had only reached middle age, and there was no sign of feebleness in his muscle.

biggestadjectiveUS /ˈbɪɡəst/

superlative of “big” — above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Only the biggest boys, and young ladies of eighteen and twenty, escaped lashing.

boysnounUS /bɔɪz/

plural of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading Only the biggest boys, and young ladies of eighteen and twenty, escaped lashing.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading Mr. Dobbins' lashings were very vigorous ones, too; for although he carried, under his wig, a perfectly bald and shiny head, he had only reached middle age, and there was no sign of feebleness in his muscle.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The schoolmaster, always severe, grew severer and more exacting than ever, for he wanted the school to make a good showing on "Examination" day.

DobbinsnounUS /ˈdɑːbɪnz/

plural of “dobbin” — a quiet plodding workhorse

From this reading Mr. Dobbins' lashings were very vigorous ones, too; for although he carried, under his wig, a perfectly bald and shiny head, he had only reached middle age, and there was no sign of feebleness in his muscle.

eighteenadjectiveUS /eɪˈtiːn/

being one more than seventeen

From this reading Only the biggest boys, and young ladies of eighteen and twenty, escaped lashing.

escapedadjectiveUS /ɪˈskeɪpt/

having escaped, especially from confinement

From this reading Only the biggest boys, and young ladies of eighteen and twenty, escaped lashing.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading The schoolmaster, always severe, grew severer and more exacting than ever, for he wanted the school to make a good showing on "Examination" day.

exactingadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzæktɪŋ/

having complicated nutritional requirements; especially growing only in special artificial cultures

From this reading The schoolmaster, always severe, grew severer and more exacting than ever, for he wanted the school to make a good showing on "Examination" day.

ExaminationnounUS /ɪɡˌzæməˈneɪʃən/

the act of examining something closely (as for mistakes)

From this reading The schoolmaster, always severe, grew severer and more exacting than ever, for he wanted the school to make a good showing on "Examination" day.

feeblenessnoun

the state of being weak in health or body (especially from old age)

From this reading Mr. Dobbins' lashings were very vigorous ones, too; for although he carried, under his wig, a perfectly bald and shiny head, he had only reached middle age, and there was no sign of feebleness in his muscle.

ferulenoun

a switch (a stick or cane or flat paddle) used to punish children

From this reading His rod and his ferule were seldom idle now--at least among the smaller pupils.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The schoolmaster, always severe, grew severer and more exacting than ever, for he wanted the school to make a good showing on "Examination" day.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading The schoolmaster, always severe, grew severer and more exacting than ever, for he wanted the school to make a good showing on "Examination" day.

grewverbUS /ɡruː/

inflected form of “grow” — pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading The schoolmaster, always severe, grew severer and more exacting than ever, for he wanted the school to make a good showing on "Examination" day.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Mr. Dobbins' lashings were very vigorous ones, too; for although he carried, under his wig, a perfectly bald and shiny head, he had only reached middle age, and there was no sign of feebleness in his muscle.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The schoolmaster, always severe, grew severer and more exacting than ever, for he wanted the school to make a good showing on "Examination" day.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading Mr. Dobbins' lashings were very vigorous ones, too; for although he carried, under his wig, a perfectly bald and shiny head, he had only reached middle age, and there was no sign of feebleness in his muscle.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His rod and his ferule were seldom idle now--at least among the smaller pupils.

idleadjectiveUS /ˈaɪdəl/

not in action or at work

From this reading His rod and his ferule were seldom idle now--at least among the smaller pupils.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Mr. Dobbins' lashings were very vigorous ones, too; for although he carried, under his wig, a perfectly bald and shiny head, he had only reached middle age, and there was no sign of feebleness in his muscle.

ladiesnounUS /ˈleɪdiz/

plural of “lady” — a polite name for any woman

From this reading Only the biggest boys, and young ladies of eighteen and twenty, escaped lashing.

lashingnounUS /ˈlæʃɪŋ/

beating with a whip or strap or rope as a form of punishment

From this reading Only the biggest boys, and young ladies of eighteen and twenty, escaped lashing.

lashingsnounUS /ˈlæʃɪŋz/

a large number or amount

From this reading Mr. Dobbins' lashings were very vigorous ones, too; for although he carried, under his wig, a perfectly bald and shiny head, he had only reached middle age, and there was no sign of feebleness in his muscle.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading His rod and his ferule were seldom idle now--at least among the smaller pupils.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading The schoolmaster, always severe, grew severer and more exacting than ever, for he wanted the school to make a good showing on "Examination" day.

middlenounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading Mr. Dobbins' lashings were very vigorous ones, too; for although he carried, under his wig, a perfectly bald and shiny head, he had only reached middle age, and there was no sign of feebleness in his muscle.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The schoolmaster, always severe, grew severer and more exacting than ever, for he wanted the school to make a good showing on "Examination" day.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading Mr. Dobbins' lashings were very vigorous ones, too; for although he carried, under his wig, a perfectly bald and shiny head, he had only reached middle age, and there was no sign of feebleness in his muscle.

musclenounUS /ˈmʌsəl/

one of the contractile organs of the body

From this reading Mr. Dobbins' lashings were very vigorous ones, too; for although he carried, under his wig, a perfectly bald and shiny head, he had only reached middle age, and there was no sign of feebleness in his muscle.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Mr. Dobbins' lashings were very vigorous ones, too; for although he carried, under his wig, a perfectly bald and shiny head, he had only reached middle age, and there was no sign of feebleness in his muscle.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading His rod and his ferule were seldom idle now--at least among the smaller pupils.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Only the biggest boys, and young ladies of eighteen and twenty, escaped lashing.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The schoolmaster, always severe, grew severer and more exacting than ever, for he wanted the school to make a good showing on "Examination" day.

onesnounUS /wʌnz/

plural of “one” — the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Mr. Dobbins' lashings were very vigorous ones, too; for although he carried, under his wig, a perfectly bald and shiny head, he had only reached middle age, and there was no sign of feebleness in his muscle.

OnlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Only the biggest boys, and young ladies of eighteen and twenty, escaped lashing.

perfectlyadverbUS /ˈpɜːrfəktli/

completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers

From this reading Mr. Dobbins' lashings were very vigorous ones, too; for although he carried, under his wig, a perfectly bald and shiny head, he had only reached middle age, and there was no sign of feebleness in his muscle.

pupilsnounUS /ˈpjuːpəlz/

plural of “pupil” — a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution

From this reading His rod and his ferule were seldom idle now--at least among the smaller pupils.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading Mr. Dobbins' lashings were very vigorous ones, too; for although he carried, under his wig, a perfectly bald and shiny head, he had only reached middle age, and there was no sign of feebleness in his muscle.

rodnounUS /rɑːd/

a long thin implement made of metal or wood

From this reading His rod and his ferule were seldom idle now--at least among the smaller pupils.

schoolnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading The schoolmaster, always severe, grew severer and more exacting than ever, for he wanted the school to make a good showing on "Examination" day.

schoolmasternounUS /ˈskuːlmæstər/

presiding officer of a school

From this reading The schoolmaster, always severe, grew severer and more exacting than ever, for he wanted the school to make a good showing on "Examination" day.

seldomadverbUS /ˈseldəm/

not often

From this reading His rod and his ferule were seldom idle now--at least among the smaller pupils.

severeadjectiveUS /səˈvɪr/

intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality

From this reading The schoolmaster, always severe, grew severer and more exacting than ever, for he wanted the school to make a good showing on "Examination" day.

severeradjectiveUS /ˈsevɪrər/

comparative of “severe” — intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality

From this reading The schoolmaster, always severe, grew severer and more exacting than ever, for he wanted the school to make a good showing on "Examination" day.

shinyadjectiveUS /ˈʃaɪni/

reflecting light

From this reading Mr. Dobbins' lashings were very vigorous ones, too; for although he carried, under his wig, a perfectly bald and shiny head, he had only reached middle age, and there was no sign of feebleness in his muscle.

showingnounUS /ˈʃoʊɪŋ/

the display of a motion picture

From this reading The schoolmaster, always severe, grew severer and more exacting than ever, for he wanted the school to make a good showing on "Examination" day.

signnounUS /saɪn/

a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)

From this reading Mr. Dobbins' lashings were very vigorous ones, too; for although he carried, under his wig, a perfectly bald and shiny head, he had only reached middle age, and there was no sign of feebleness in his muscle.

smalleradjectiveUS /ˈsmɔːlər/

small or little relative to something else

From this reading His rod and his ferule were seldom idle now--at least among the smaller pupils.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The schoolmaster, always severe, grew severer and more exacting than ever, for he wanted the school to make a good showing on "Examination" day.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The schoolmaster, always severe, grew severer and more exacting than ever, for he wanted the school to make a good showing on "Examination" day.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Mr. Dobbins' lashings were very vigorous ones, too; for although he carried, under his wig, a perfectly bald and shiny head, he had only reached middle age, and there was no sign of feebleness in his muscle.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The schoolmaster, always severe, grew severer and more exacting than ever, for he wanted the school to make a good showing on "Examination" day.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Mr. Dobbins' lashings were very vigorous ones, too; for although he carried, under his wig, a perfectly bald and shiny head, he had only reached middle age, and there was no sign of feebleness in his muscle.

twentynounUS /ˈtwenti/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nineteen and one

From this reading Only the biggest boys, and young ladies of eighteen and twenty, escaped lashing.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Mr. Dobbins' lashings were very vigorous ones, too; for although he carried, under his wig, a perfectly bald and shiny head, he had only reached middle age, and there was no sign of feebleness in his muscle.

VACATIONnounUS /veɪˈkeɪʃən/

leisure time away from work devoted to rest or pleasure

From this reading VACATION was approaching.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Mr. Dobbins' lashings were very vigorous ones, too; for although he carried, under his wig, a perfectly bald and shiny head, he had only reached middle age, and there was no sign of feebleness in his muscle.

vigorousadjectiveUS /ˈvɪɡərəs/

characterized by forceful and energetic action or activity

From this reading Mr. Dobbins' lashings were very vigorous ones, too; for although he carried, under his wig, a perfectly bald and shiny head, he had only reached middle age, and there was no sign of feebleness in his muscle.

wantedadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːntɪd/

desired or wished for or sought

From this reading The schoolmaster, always severe, grew severer and more exacting than ever, for he wanted the school to make a good showing on "Examination" day.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading VACATION was approaching.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading His rod and his ferule were seldom idle now--at least among the smaller pupils.

wignounUS /wɪɡ/

hairpiece covering the head and made of real or synthetic hair

From this reading Mr. Dobbins' lashings were very vigorous ones, too; for although he carried, under his wig, a perfectly bald and shiny head, he had only reached middle age, and there was no sign of feebleness in his muscle.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Only the biggest boys, and young ladies of eighteen and twenty, escaped lashing.

Chapter 4 of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Part 5. by Mark Twain holds 95 sentences, grouped into 19 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Part 5. contain?

Chapter 4 holds 95 sentences of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Part 5., unabridged, divided into 19 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Part 5. by Mark Twain exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 95 sentences, grouped into 19 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Part 5.?

Work through the 19 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 19 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Part 5.

Common questions about reading The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Part 5. by Mark Twain on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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Vocabulary met early in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Part 5.

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Part 5., each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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