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The Aeroplane Speaks. Fifth Edition
The Aeroplane Speaks. Fifth Edition

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The Aeroplane Speaks. Fifth Edition is here in full — 158 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The Aeroplane Speaks. Fifth Edition
Context Illustration Reading 1/31 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE PROPELLER, OR "AIR-SCREW" The sole object of the propeller is to translate the power of the engine into thrust.
The propeller screws through the air, and its blades, being set at an angle inclined to the direction of motion, secure a reaction, as in the case of the aeroplane's lifting surface.
This reaction may be conveniently divided into two component parts or values, namely, Thrust and Drift (see illustration overleaf).
The Thrust is opposed to the Drift of the aeroplane, and must be equal and opposite to it at flying speed.
If it falls off in power, then the flying speed must decrease to a velocity, at which the aeroplane drift equals the decreased thrust.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
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The Aeroplane Speaks. Fifth Edition

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The Aeroplane Speaks. Fifth Edition is here in full — 158 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/31 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE PROPELLER, OR "AIR-SCREW" The sole object of the propeller is to translate the power of the engine into thrust.
Line 2
The propeller screws through the air, and its blades, being set at an angle inclined to the direction of motion, secure a reaction, as in the case of the aeroplane's lifting surface.
Line 3
This reaction may be conveniently divided into two component parts or values, namely, Thrust and Drift (see illustration overleaf).
Line 4
The Thrust is opposed to the Drift of the aeroplane, and must be equal and opposite to it at flying speed.
Line 5
If it falls off in power, then the flying speed must decrease to a velocity, at which the aeroplane drift equals the decreased thrust.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

component noun US /kəmˈpoʊnənt/

an abstract part of something

From this reading “This reaction may be conveniently divided into two component parts or values, namely, Thrust and Drift (see illustration overleaf).”

conveniently adverb US /kənˈviːnjəntli/

in a convenient manner

From this reading “This reaction may be conveniently divided into two component parts or values, namely, Thrust and Drift (see illustration overleaf).”

decrease verb US /dɪˈkriːs/

decrease in size, extent, or range

From this reading “If it falls off in power, then the flying speed must decrease to a velocity, at which the aeroplane drift equals the decreased thrust.”

decreased adjective US /dɪˈkriːst/

made less in size or amount or degree

From this reading “If it falls off in power, then the flying speed must decrease to a velocity, at which the aeroplane drift equals the decreased thrust.”

propeller noun US /prəˈpelər/

a mechanical device that rotates to push against air or water

From this reading “THE PROPELLER, OR "AIR-SCREW" The sole object of the propeller is to translate the power of the engine into thrust.”

screws noun US /skruːz/

plural of “screw” — someone who guards prisoners

From this reading “The propeller screws through the air, and its blades, being set at an angle inclined to the direction of motion, secure a reaction, as in the case of the aeroplane's lifting surface.”

values noun US /ˈvæljuːz/

beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something)

From this reading “This reaction may be conveniently divided into two component parts or values, namely, Thrust and Drift (see illustration overleaf).”

velocity noun US /vəˈlɑːsəti/

distance travelled per unit time

From this reading “If it falls off in power, then the flying speed must decrease to a velocity, at which the aeroplane drift equals the decreased thrust.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The propeller screws through the air, and its blades, being set at an angle inclined to the direction of motion, secure a reaction, as in the case of the aeroplane's lifting surface.

aeroplanenoun

an aircraft that has a fixed wing and is powered by propellers or jets

From this reading The Thrust is opposed to the Drift of the aeroplane, and must be equal and opposite to it at flying speed.

aeroplane's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The propeller screws through the air, and its blades, being set at an angle inclined to the direction of motion, secure a reaction, as in the case of the aeroplane's lifting surface.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading The propeller screws through the air, and its blades, being set at an angle inclined to the direction of motion, secure a reaction, as in the case of the aeroplane's lifting surface.

AIR-SCREW

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE PROPELLER, OR "AIR-SCREW" The sole object of the propeller is to translate the power of the engine into thrust.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The propeller screws through the air, and its blades, being set at an angle inclined to the direction of motion, secure a reaction, as in the case of the aeroplane's lifting surface.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The propeller screws through the air, and its blades, being set at an angle inclined to the direction of motion, secure a reaction, as in the case of the aeroplane's lifting surface.

anglenounUS /ˈæŋɡəl/

the space between two lines or planes that intersect; the inclination of one line to another; measured in degrees or radians

From this reading The propeller screws through the air, and its blades, being set at an angle inclined to the direction of motion, secure a reaction, as in the case of the aeroplane's lifting surface.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The propeller screws through the air, and its blades, being set at an angle inclined to the direction of motion, secure a reaction, as in the case of the aeroplane's lifting surface.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The propeller screws through the air, and its blades, being set at an angle inclined to the direction of motion, secure a reaction, as in the case of the aeroplane's lifting surface.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading This reaction may be conveniently divided into two component parts or values, namely, Thrust and Drift (see illustration overleaf).

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The propeller screws through the air, and its blades, being set at an angle inclined to the direction of motion, secure a reaction, as in the case of the aeroplane's lifting surface.

bladesnounUS /bleɪdz/

plural of “blade” — especially a leaf of grass or the broad portion of a leaf as distinct from the petiole

From this reading The propeller screws through the air, and its blades, being set at an angle inclined to the direction of motion, secure a reaction, as in the case of the aeroplane's lifting surface.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading The propeller screws through the air, and its blades, being set at an angle inclined to the direction of motion, secure a reaction, as in the case of the aeroplane's lifting surface.

componentnounUS /kəmˈpoʊnənt/

an abstract part of something

From this reading This reaction may be conveniently divided into two component parts or values, namely, Thrust and Drift (see illustration overleaf).

convenientlyadverbUS /kənˈviːnjəntli/

in a convenient manner

From this reading This reaction may be conveniently divided into two component parts or values, namely, Thrust and Drift (see illustration overleaf).

decreaseverbUS /dɪˈkriːs/

decrease in size, extent, or range

From this reading If it falls off in power, then the flying speed must decrease to a velocity, at which the aeroplane drift equals the decreased thrust.

decreasedadjectiveUS /dɪˈkriːst/

made less in size or amount or degree

From this reading If it falls off in power, then the flying speed must decrease to a velocity, at which the aeroplane drift equals the decreased thrust.

directionnounUS /dərˈekʃən/

a line leading to a place or point

From this reading The propeller screws through the air, and its blades, being set at an angle inclined to the direction of motion, secure a reaction, as in the case of the aeroplane's lifting surface.

dividedadjectiveUS /dɪˈvaɪdɪd/

separated into parts or pieces

From this reading This reaction may be conveniently divided into two component parts or values, namely, Thrust and Drift (see illustration overleaf).

DriftverbUS /drɪft/

be in motion due to some air or water current

From this reading This reaction may be conveniently divided into two component parts or values, namely, Thrust and Drift (see illustration overleaf).

enginenounUS /ˈendʒən/

motor that converts thermal energy to mechanical work

From this reading THE PROPELLER, OR "AIR-SCREW" The sole object of the propeller is to translate the power of the engine into thrust.

equalverbUS /ˈiːkwəl/

be identical or equivalent to

From this reading The Thrust is opposed to the Drift of the aeroplane, and must be equal and opposite to it at flying speed.

equalsnounUS /ˈiːkwəlz/

plural of “equal” — a person who is of equal standing with another in a group

From this reading If it falls off in power, then the flying speed must decrease to a velocity, at which the aeroplane drift equals the decreased thrust.

fallsnounUS /fɔːlz/

the petals or sepals of a flower that bend downward (especially the outer perianth of an iris)

From this reading If it falls off in power, then the flying speed must decrease to a velocity, at which the aeroplane drift equals the decreased thrust.

flyingadjectiveUS /ˈflaɪɪŋ/

moving swiftly

From this reading The Thrust is opposed to the Drift of the aeroplane, and must be equal and opposite to it at flying speed.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If it falls off in power, then the flying speed must decrease to a velocity, at which the aeroplane drift equals the decreased thrust.

illustrationnounUS /ˌɪləˈstreɪʃən/

artwork that helps make something clear or attractive

From this reading This reaction may be conveniently divided into two component parts or values, namely, Thrust and Drift (see illustration overleaf).

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The propeller screws through the air, and its blades, being set at an angle inclined to the direction of motion, secure a reaction, as in the case of the aeroplane's lifting surface.

inclinedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈklaɪnd/

(often followed by “to”) having a preference, disposition, or tendency

From this reading The propeller screws through the air, and its blades, being set at an angle inclined to the direction of motion, secure a reaction, as in the case of the aeroplane's lifting surface.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading THE PROPELLER, OR "AIR-SCREW" The sole object of the propeller is to translate the power of the engine into thrust.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE PROPELLER, OR "AIR-SCREW" The sole object of the propeller is to translate the power of the engine into thrust.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The Thrust is opposed to the Drift of the aeroplane, and must be equal and opposite to it at flying speed.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The propeller screws through the air, and its blades, being set at an angle inclined to the direction of motion, secure a reaction, as in the case of the aeroplane's lifting surface.

liftingverbUS /ˈlɪftɪŋ/

-ing form of “lift” — raise from a lower to a higher position

From this reading The propeller screws through the air, and its blades, being set at an angle inclined to the direction of motion, secure a reaction, as in the case of the aeroplane's lifting surface.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading This reaction may be conveniently divided into two component parts or values, namely, Thrust and Drift (see illustration overleaf).

motionnounUS /ˈmoʊʃən/

the use of movements (especially of the hands) to communicate familiar or prearranged signals

From this reading The propeller screws through the air, and its blades, being set at an angle inclined to the direction of motion, secure a reaction, as in the case of the aeroplane's lifting surface.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading The Thrust is opposed to the Drift of the aeroplane, and must be equal and opposite to it at flying speed.

namelyadverbUS /ˈneɪmli/

as follows

From this reading This reaction may be conveniently divided into two component parts or values, namely, Thrust and Drift (see illustration overleaf).

objectnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekt/

a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading THE PROPELLER, OR "AIR-SCREW" The sole object of the propeller is to translate the power of the engine into thrust.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE PROPELLER, OR "AIR-SCREW" The sole object of the propeller is to translate the power of the engine into thrust.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading If it falls off in power, then the flying speed must decrease to a velocity, at which the aeroplane drift equals the decreased thrust.

opposedadjectiveUS /əˈpoʊzd/

being in opposition or having an opponent

From this reading The Thrust is opposed to the Drift of the aeroplane, and must be equal and opposite to it at flying speed.

oppositeadjectiveUS /ˈɑːpəzət/

being directly across from each other; facing

From this reading The Thrust is opposed to the Drift of the aeroplane, and must be equal and opposite to it at flying speed.

ORconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading THE PROPELLER, OR "AIR-SCREW" The sole object of the propeller is to translate the power of the engine into thrust.

overleafadverb

on or to the other side of a page

From this reading This reaction may be conveniently divided into two component parts or values, namely, Thrust and Drift (see illustration overleaf).

partsnounUS /pɑːrts/

the local environment

From this reading This reaction may be conveniently divided into two component parts or values, namely, Thrust and Drift (see illustration overleaf).

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading THE PROPELLER, OR "AIR-SCREW" The sole object of the propeller is to translate the power of the engine into thrust.

PROPELLERnounUS /prəˈpelər/

a mechanical device that rotates to push against air or water

From this reading THE PROPELLER, OR "AIR-SCREW" The sole object of the propeller is to translate the power of the engine into thrust.

reactionnounUS /riˈækʃən/

(chemistry) a process in which one or more substances are changed into others

From this reading The propeller screws through the air, and its blades, being set at an angle inclined to the direction of motion, secure a reaction, as in the case of the aeroplane's lifting surface.

screwsnounUS /skruːz/

plural of “screw” — someone who guards prisoners

From this reading The propeller screws through the air, and its blades, being set at an angle inclined to the direction of motion, secure a reaction, as in the case of the aeroplane's lifting surface.

secureverbUS /sɪˈkjʊr/

get by special effort

From this reading The propeller screws through the air, and its blades, being set at an angle inclined to the direction of motion, secure a reaction, as in the case of the aeroplane's lifting surface.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading This reaction may be conveniently divided into two component parts or values, namely, Thrust and Drift (see illustration overleaf).

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The propeller screws through the air, and its blades, being set at an angle inclined to the direction of motion, secure a reaction, as in the case of the aeroplane's lifting surface.

solenounUS /soʊl/

the underside of footwear or a golf club

From this reading THE PROPELLER, OR "AIR-SCREW" The sole object of the propeller is to translate the power of the engine into thrust.

speedverbUS /spiːd/

move hurridly

From this reading The Thrust is opposed to the Drift of the aeroplane, and must be equal and opposite to it at flying speed.

surfacenounUS /ˈsɜːrfəs/

the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary

From this reading The propeller screws through the air, and its blades, being set at an angle inclined to the direction of motion, secure a reaction, as in the case of the aeroplane's lifting surface.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE PROPELLER, OR "AIR-SCREW" The sole object of the propeller is to translate the power of the engine into thrust.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading If it falls off in power, then the flying speed must decrease to a velocity, at which the aeroplane drift equals the decreased thrust.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This reaction may be conveniently divided into two component parts or values, namely, Thrust and Drift (see illustration overleaf).

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading The propeller screws through the air, and its blades, being set at an angle inclined to the direction of motion, secure a reaction, as in the case of the aeroplane's lifting surface.

thrustverbUS /θrʌst/

push forcefully

From this reading THE PROPELLER, OR "AIR-SCREW" The sole object of the propeller is to translate the power of the engine into thrust.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE PROPELLER, OR "AIR-SCREW" The sole object of the propeller is to translate the power of the engine into thrust.

translateverbUS /trænzˈleɪt/

restate (words) from one language into another language

From this reading THE PROPELLER, OR "AIR-SCREW" The sole object of the propeller is to translate the power of the engine into thrust.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading This reaction may be conveniently divided into two component parts or values, namely, Thrust and Drift (see illustration overleaf).

valuesnounUS /ˈvæljuːz/

beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something)

From this reading This reaction may be conveniently divided into two component parts or values, namely, Thrust and Drift (see illustration overleaf).

velocitynounUS /vəˈlɑːsəti/

distance travelled per unit time

From this reading If it falls off in power, then the flying speed must decrease to a velocity, at which the aeroplane drift equals the decreased thrust.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading If it falls off in power, then the flying speed must decrease to a velocity, at which the aeroplane drift equals the decreased thrust.

Chapter 8 of The Aeroplane Speaks. Fifth Edition by H. (Horatio) Barber holds 158 sentences, grouped into 32 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The Aeroplane Speaks. Fifth Edition contain?

Chapter 8 holds 158 sentences of The Aeroplane Speaks. Fifth Edition, unabridged, divided into 32 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The Aeroplane Speaks. Fifth Edition by H. (Horatio) Barber exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 158 sentences, grouped into 32 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The Aeroplane Speaks. Fifth Edition?

Work through the 32 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 32 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Aeroplane Speaks. Fifth Edition

Common questions about reading The Aeroplane Speaks. Fifth Edition by H. (Horatio) Barber on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Aeroplane Speaks. Fifth Edition?

Yes. All 2273 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #21791 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Aeroplane Speaks. Fifth Edition is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #21791, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Aeroplane Speaks. Fifth Edition take to read?

About 189 minutes of reading across 455 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Aeroplane Speaks. Fifth Edition section by section

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Vocabulary met early in The Aeroplane Speaks. Fifth Edition

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Aeroplane Speaks. Fifth Edition, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Barber
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Aeroplane Speaks. Fifth Edition; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mcbride
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Aeroplane Speaks. Fifth Edition; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Aeroplane
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Aeroplane Speaks. Fifth Edition; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Speaks
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Aeroplane Speaks. Fifth Edition; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.