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The Age of Chivalry
The Age of Chivalry

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of The Age of Chivalry is here in full — 63 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/12 · 5 lines
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MERLIN Merlin was the son of no mortal father, but of an Incubus, one of a class of beings not absolutely wicked, but far from good, who inhabit the regions of the air.
Merlin's mother was a virtuous young woman, who, on the birth of her son, intrusted him to a priest, who hurried him to the baptismal fount, and so saved him from sharing the lot of his father, though he retained many marks of his unearthly origin.
At this time Vortigern reigned in Britain.
He was a usurper, who had caused the death of his sovereign, Moines, and driven the two brothers of the late king, whose names were Uther and Pendragon, into banishment.
Vortigern, who lived in constant fear of the return of the rightful heirs of the kingdom, began to erect a strong tower for defence.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Age of Chivalry

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of The Age of Chivalry is here in full — 63 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/12 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
MERLIN Merlin was the son of no mortal father, but of an Incubus, one of a class of beings not absolutely wicked, but far from good, who inhabit the regions of the air.
Line 2
Merlin's mother was a virtuous young woman, who, on the birth of her son, intrusted him to a priest, who hurried him to the baptismal fount, and so saved him from sharing the lot of his father, though he retained many marks of his unearthly origin.
Line 3
At this time Vortigern reigned in Britain.
Line 4
He was a usurper, who had caused the death of his sovereign, Moines, and driven the two brothers of the late king, whose names were Uther and Pendragon, into banishment.
Line 5
Vortigern, who lived in constant fear of the return of the rightful heirs of the kingdom, began to erect a strong tower for defence.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

banishment noun US /ˈbænɪʃmənt/

the state of being banished or ostracized (excluded from society by general consent)

From this reading “He was a usurper, who had caused the death of his sovereign, Moines, and driven the two brothers of the late king, whose names were Uther and Pendragon, into banishment.”

baptismal adjective US /bæpˈtɪzməl/

of or relating to baptism

From this reading “Merlin's mother was a virtuous young woman, who, on the birth of her son, intrusted him to a priest, who hurried him to the baptismal fount, and so saved him from sharing the lot of his father, though he retained many marks of his unearthly origin.”

heirs noun US /erz/

plural of “heir” — a person who is entitled by law or by the terms of a will to inherit the estate of another

From this reading “Vortigern, who lived in constant fear of the return of the rightful heirs of the kingdom, began to erect a strong tower for defence.”

inhabit verb US /ˌɪnˈhæbət/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading “MERLIN Merlin was the son of no mortal father, but of an Incubus, one of a class of beings not absolutely wicked, but far from good, who inhabit the regions of the air.”

merlin noun US /ˈmɜːrlɪn/

(Arthurian legend) the magician who acted as King Arthur's advisor

From this reading “MERLIN Merlin was the son of no mortal father, but of an Incubus, one of a class of beings not absolutely wicked, but far from good, who inhabit the regions of the air.”

rightful adjective US /ˈraɪtfəl/

legally valid

From this reading “Vortigern, who lived in constant fear of the return of the rightful heirs of the kingdom, began to erect a strong tower for defence.”

sharing noun US /ˈʃerɪŋ/

using or enjoying something jointly with others

From this reading “Merlin's mother was a virtuous young woman, who, on the birth of her son, intrusted him to a priest, who hurried him to the baptismal fount, and so saved him from sharing the lot of his father, though he retained many marks of his unearthly origin.”

unearthly adjective US /əˈnɜːrθli/

concerned with or affecting the spirit or soul

From this reading “Merlin's mother was a virtuous young woman, who, on the birth of her son, intrusted him to a priest, who hurried him to the baptismal fount, and so saved him from sharing the lot of his father, though he retained many marks of his unearthly origin.”

All words in this reading · 91

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading MERLIN Merlin was the son of no mortal father, but of an Incubus, one of a class of beings not absolutely wicked, but far from good, who inhabit the regions of the air.

absolutelyadverbUS /ˌæbsəˈluːtli/

completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers

From this reading MERLIN Merlin was the son of no mortal father, but of an Incubus, one of a class of beings not absolutely wicked, but far from good, who inhabit the regions of the air.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading MERLIN Merlin was the son of no mortal father, but of an Incubus, one of a class of beings not absolutely wicked, but far from good, who inhabit the regions of the air.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading MERLIN Merlin was the son of no mortal father, but of an Incubus, one of a class of beings not absolutely wicked, but far from good, who inhabit the regions of the air.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Merlin's mother was a virtuous young woman, who, on the birth of her son, intrusted him to a priest, who hurried him to the baptismal fount, and so saved him from sharing the lot of his father, though he retained many marks of his unearthly origin.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At this time Vortigern reigned in Britain.

banishmentnounUS /ˈbænɪʃmənt/

the state of being banished or ostracized (excluded from society by general consent)

From this reading He was a usurper, who had caused the death of his sovereign, Moines, and driven the two brothers of the late king, whose names were Uther and Pendragon, into banishment.

baptismaladjectiveUS /bæpˈtɪzməl/

of or relating to baptism

From this reading Merlin's mother was a virtuous young woman, who, on the birth of her son, intrusted him to a priest, who hurried him to the baptismal fount, and so saved him from sharing the lot of his father, though he retained many marks of his unearthly origin.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Vortigern, who lived in constant fear of the return of the rightful heirs of the kingdom, began to erect a strong tower for defence.

beingsnounUS /ˈbiːɪŋz/

plural of “being” — the state or fact of existing

From this reading MERLIN Merlin was the son of no mortal father, but of an Incubus, one of a class of beings not absolutely wicked, but far from good, who inhabit the regions of the air.

birthnounUS /bɜːrθ/

the time when something begins (especially life)

From this reading Merlin's mother was a virtuous young woman, who, on the birth of her son, intrusted him to a priest, who hurried him to the baptismal fount, and so saved him from sharing the lot of his father, though he retained many marks of his unearthly origin.

BritainnounUS /ˈbrɪtən/

a monarchy in northwestern Europe occupying most of the British Isles; divided into England and Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland; “Great Britain” is often used loosely to refer to the United Kingdom

From this reading At this time Vortigern reigned in Britain.

brothersnounUS /ˈbrʌðərz/

plural of “brother” — a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading He was a usurper, who had caused the death of his sovereign, Moines, and driven the two brothers of the late king, whose names were Uther and Pendragon, into banishment.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading MERLIN Merlin was the son of no mortal father, but of an Incubus, one of a class of beings not absolutely wicked, but far from good, who inhabit the regions of the air.

causedverbUS /kɑːzd/

past form of “cause” — give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally

From this reading He was a usurper, who had caused the death of his sovereign, Moines, and driven the two brothers of the late king, whose names were Uther and Pendragon, into banishment.

classnounUS /klæs/

a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading MERLIN Merlin was the son of no mortal father, but of an Incubus, one of a class of beings not absolutely wicked, but far from good, who inhabit the regions of the air.

constantadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnstənt/

unvarying in nature

From this reading Vortigern, who lived in constant fear of the return of the rightful heirs of the kingdom, began to erect a strong tower for defence.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading He was a usurper, who had caused the death of his sovereign, Moines, and driven the two brothers of the late king, whose names were Uther and Pendragon, into banishment.

defencenounUS /dɪˈfens/

(psychiatry) an unconscious process that tries to reduce the anxiety associated with instinctive desires

From this reading Vortigern, who lived in constant fear of the return of the rightful heirs of the kingdom, began to erect a strong tower for defence.

drivenadjectiveUS /ˈdrɪvən/

compelled forcibly by an outside agency

From this reading He was a usurper, who had caused the death of his sovereign, Moines, and driven the two brothers of the late king, whose names were Uther and Pendragon, into banishment.

erectverbUS /ɪˈrekt/

construct, build, or erect

From this reading Vortigern, who lived in constant fear of the return of the rightful heirs of the kingdom, began to erect a strong tower for defence.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading MERLIN Merlin was the son of no mortal father, but of an Incubus, one of a class of beings not absolutely wicked, but far from good, who inhabit the regions of the air.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading MERLIN Merlin was the son of no mortal father, but of an Incubus, one of a class of beings not absolutely wicked, but far from good, who inhabit the regions of the air.

fearverbUS /fɪr/

be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading Vortigern, who lived in constant fear of the return of the rightful heirs of the kingdom, began to erect a strong tower for defence.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Vortigern, who lived in constant fear of the return of the rightful heirs of the kingdom, began to erect a strong tower for defence.

fountnoun

a specific size and style of type within a type family

From this reading Merlin's mother was a virtuous young woman, who, on the birth of her son, intrusted him to a priest, who hurried him to the baptismal fount, and so saved him from sharing the lot of his father, though he retained many marks of his unearthly origin.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading MERLIN Merlin was the son of no mortal father, but of an Incubus, one of a class of beings not absolutely wicked, but far from good, who inhabit the regions of the air.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading MERLIN Merlin was the son of no mortal father, but of an Incubus, one of a class of beings not absolutely wicked, but far from good, who inhabit the regions of the air.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He was a usurper, who had caused the death of his sovereign, Moines, and driven the two brothers of the late king, whose names were Uther and Pendragon, into banishment.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Merlin's mother was a virtuous young woman, who, on the birth of her son, intrusted him to a priest, who hurried him to the baptismal fount, and so saved him from sharing the lot of his father, though he retained many marks of his unearthly origin.

heirsnounUS /erz/

plural of “heir” — a person who is entitled by law or by the terms of a will to inherit the estate of another

From this reading Vortigern, who lived in constant fear of the return of the rightful heirs of the kingdom, began to erect a strong tower for defence.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Merlin's mother was a virtuous young woman, who, on the birth of her son, intrusted him to a priest, who hurried him to the baptismal fount, and so saved him from sharing the lot of his father, though he retained many marks of his unearthly origin.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Merlin's mother was a virtuous young woman, who, on the birth of her son, intrusted him to a priest, who hurried him to the baptismal fount, and so saved him from sharing the lot of his father, though he retained many marks of his unearthly origin.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Merlin's mother was a virtuous young woman, who, on the birth of her son, intrusted him to a priest, who hurried him to the baptismal fount, and so saved him from sharing the lot of his father, though he retained many marks of his unearthly origin.

hurriedadjectiveUS /ˈhɜːrid/

moving rapidly or performed quickly or in great haste

From this reading Merlin's mother was a virtuous young woman, who, on the birth of her son, intrusted him to a priest, who hurried him to the baptismal fount, and so saved him from sharing the lot of his father, though he retained many marks of his unearthly origin.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading At this time Vortigern reigned in Britain.

Incubusnoun

a male demon believed to lie on sleeping persons and to have sexual intercourse with sleeping women

From this reading MERLIN Merlin was the son of no mortal father, but of an Incubus, one of a class of beings not absolutely wicked, but far from good, who inhabit the regions of the air.

inhabitverbUS /ˌɪnˈhæbət/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading MERLIN Merlin was the son of no mortal father, but of an Incubus, one of a class of beings not absolutely wicked, but far from good, who inhabit the regions of the air.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading He was a usurper, who had caused the death of his sovereign, Moines, and driven the two brothers of the late king, whose names were Uther and Pendragon, into banishment.

intrusted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Merlin's mother was a virtuous young woman, who, on the birth of her son, intrusted him to a priest, who hurried him to the baptismal fount, and so saved him from sharing the lot of his father, though he retained many marks of his unearthly origin.

kingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading He was a usurper, who had caused the death of his sovereign, Moines, and driven the two brothers of the late king, whose names were Uther and Pendragon, into banishment.

kingdomnounUS /ˈkɪŋdəm/

a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading Vortigern, who lived in constant fear of the return of the rightful heirs of the kingdom, began to erect a strong tower for defence.

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading He was a usurper, who had caused the death of his sovereign, Moines, and driven the two brothers of the late king, whose names were Uther and Pendragon, into banishment.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading Vortigern, who lived in constant fear of the return of the rightful heirs of the kingdom, began to erect a strong tower for defence.

lotnounUS /lɑːt/

(often followed by “of”) a large number or amount or extent

From this reading Merlin's mother was a virtuous young woman, who, on the birth of her son, intrusted him to a priest, who hurried him to the baptismal fount, and so saved him from sharing the lot of his father, though he retained many marks of his unearthly origin.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Merlin's mother was a virtuous young woman, who, on the birth of her son, intrusted him to a priest, who hurried him to the baptismal fount, and so saved him from sharing the lot of his father, though he retained many marks of his unearthly origin.

marksnounUS /mɑːrks/

English businessman who created a retail chain (1888-1964)

From this reading Merlin's mother was a virtuous young woman, who, on the birth of her son, intrusted him to a priest, who hurried him to the baptismal fount, and so saved him from sharing the lot of his father, though he retained many marks of his unearthly origin.

MERLINnounUS /ˈmɜːrlɪn/

(Arthurian legend) the magician who acted as King Arthur's advisor

From this reading MERLIN Merlin was the son of no mortal father, but of an Incubus, one of a class of beings not absolutely wicked, but far from good, who inhabit the regions of the air.

Merlin's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Merlin's mother was a virtuous young woman, who, on the birth of her son, intrusted him to a priest, who hurried him to the baptismal fount, and so saved him from sharing the lot of his father, though he retained many marks of his unearthly origin.

Moines

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was a usurper, who had caused the death of his sovereign, Moines, and driven the two brothers of the late king, whose names were Uther and Pendragon, into banishment.

mortaladjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrtəl/

subject to death

From this reading MERLIN Merlin was the son of no mortal father, but of an Incubus, one of a class of beings not absolutely wicked, but far from good, who inhabit the regions of the air.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading Merlin's mother was a virtuous young woman, who, on the birth of her son, intrusted him to a priest, who hurried him to the baptismal fount, and so saved him from sharing the lot of his father, though he retained many marks of his unearthly origin.

namesnounUS /neɪmz/

verbal abuse; a crude substitute for argument

From this reading He was a usurper, who had caused the death of his sovereign, Moines, and driven the two brothers of the late king, whose names were Uther and Pendragon, into banishment.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading MERLIN Merlin was the son of no mortal father, but of an Incubus, one of a class of beings not absolutely wicked, but far from good, who inhabit the regions of the air.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading MERLIN Merlin was the son of no mortal father, but of an Incubus, one of a class of beings not absolutely wicked, but far from good, who inhabit the regions of the air.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading MERLIN Merlin was the son of no mortal father, but of an Incubus, one of a class of beings not absolutely wicked, but far from good, who inhabit the regions of the air.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Merlin's mother was a virtuous young woman, who, on the birth of her son, intrusted him to a priest, who hurried him to the baptismal fount, and so saved him from sharing the lot of his father, though he retained many marks of his unearthly origin.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading MERLIN Merlin was the son of no mortal father, but of an Incubus, one of a class of beings not absolutely wicked, but far from good, who inhabit the regions of the air.

originnounUS /ˈɔːrədʒən/

the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading Merlin's mother was a virtuous young woman, who, on the birth of her son, intrusted him to a priest, who hurried him to the baptismal fount, and so saved him from sharing the lot of his father, though he retained many marks of his unearthly origin.

Pendragonnoun

the supreme war chief of the ancient Britons

From this reading He was a usurper, who had caused the death of his sovereign, Moines, and driven the two brothers of the late king, whose names were Uther and Pendragon, into banishment.

priestnounUS /priːst/

a clergyman in Christian churches who has the authority to perform or administer various religious rites; one of the Holy Orders

From this reading Merlin's mother was a virtuous young woman, who, on the birth of her son, intrusted him to a priest, who hurried him to the baptismal fount, and so saved him from sharing the lot of his father, though he retained many marks of his unearthly origin.

regionsnounUS /ˈriːdʒənz/

plural of “region” — the extended spatial location of something

From this reading MERLIN Merlin was the son of no mortal father, but of an Incubus, one of a class of beings not absolutely wicked, but far from good, who inhabit the regions of the air.

reignedverbUS /reɪnd/

past form of “reign” — have sovereign power

From this reading At this time Vortigern reigned in Britain.

retainedadjectiveUS /rɪˈteɪnd/

continued in your keeping or use or memory

From this reading Merlin's mother was a virtuous young woman, who, on the birth of her son, intrusted him to a priest, who hurried him to the baptismal fount, and so saved him from sharing the lot of his father, though he retained many marks of his unearthly origin.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading Vortigern, who lived in constant fear of the return of the rightful heirs of the kingdom, began to erect a strong tower for defence.

rightfuladjectiveUS /ˈraɪtfəl/

legally valid

From this reading Vortigern, who lived in constant fear of the return of the rightful heirs of the kingdom, began to erect a strong tower for defence.

savedadjectiveUS /seɪvd/

rescued; especially from the power and consequences of sin

From this reading Merlin's mother was a virtuous young woman, who, on the birth of her son, intrusted him to a priest, who hurried him to the baptismal fount, and so saved him from sharing the lot of his father, though he retained many marks of his unearthly origin.

sharingnounUS /ˈʃerɪŋ/

using or enjoying something jointly with others

From this reading Merlin's mother was a virtuous young woman, who, on the birth of her son, intrusted him to a priest, who hurried him to the baptismal fount, and so saved him from sharing the lot of his father, though he retained many marks of his unearthly origin.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Merlin's mother was a virtuous young woman, who, on the birth of her son, intrusted him to a priest, who hurried him to the baptismal fount, and so saved him from sharing the lot of his father, though he retained many marks of his unearthly origin.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading MERLIN Merlin was the son of no mortal father, but of an Incubus, one of a class of beings not absolutely wicked, but far from good, who inhabit the regions of the air.

sovereignadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːv.rən/

Possessing supreme or ultimate power; autonomous and commanding.

From this reading He was a usurper, who had caused the death of his sovereign, Moines, and driven the two brothers of the late king, whose names were Uther and Pendragon, into banishment.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading Vortigern, who lived in constant fear of the return of the rightful heirs of the kingdom, began to erect a strong tower for defence.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading MERLIN Merlin was the son of no mortal father, but of an Incubus, one of a class of beings not absolutely wicked, but far from good, who inhabit the regions of the air.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading At this time Vortigern reigned in Britain.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Merlin's mother was a virtuous young woman, who, on the birth of her son, intrusted him to a priest, who hurried him to the baptismal fount, and so saved him from sharing the lot of his father, though he retained many marks of his unearthly origin.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading At this time Vortigern reigned in Britain.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Merlin's mother was a virtuous young woman, who, on the birth of her son, intrusted him to a priest, who hurried him to the baptismal fount, and so saved him from sharing the lot of his father, though he retained many marks of his unearthly origin.

towernounUS /ˈtaʊər/

a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building

From this reading Vortigern, who lived in constant fear of the return of the rightful heirs of the kingdom, began to erect a strong tower for defence.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading He was a usurper, who had caused the death of his sovereign, Moines, and driven the two brothers of the late king, whose names were Uther and Pendragon, into banishment.

unearthlyadjectiveUS /əˈnɜːrθli/

concerned with or affecting the spirit or soul

From this reading Merlin's mother was a virtuous young woman, who, on the birth of her son, intrusted him to a priest, who hurried him to the baptismal fount, and so saved him from sharing the lot of his father, though he retained many marks of his unearthly origin.

usurpernoun

one who wrongfully or illegally seizes and holds the place of another

From this reading He was a usurper, who had caused the death of his sovereign, Moines, and driven the two brothers of the late king, whose names were Uther and Pendragon, into banishment.

Uther

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was a usurper, who had caused the death of his sovereign, Moines, and driven the two brothers of the late king, whose names were Uther and Pendragon, into banishment.

virtuousadjectiveUS /ˈvɜːrtʃuːəs/

morally excellent

From this reading Merlin's mother was a virtuous young woman, who, on the birth of her son, intrusted him to a priest, who hurried him to the baptismal fount, and so saved him from sharing the lot of his father, though he retained many marks of his unearthly origin.

Vortigern

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At this time Vortigern reigned in Britain.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading MERLIN Merlin was the son of no mortal father, but of an Incubus, one of a class of beings not absolutely wicked, but far from good, who inhabit the regions of the air.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading He was a usurper, who had caused the death of his sovereign, Moines, and driven the two brothers of the late king, whose names were Uther and Pendragon, into banishment.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading MERLIN Merlin was the son of no mortal father, but of an Incubus, one of a class of beings not absolutely wicked, but far from good, who inhabit the regions of the air.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading He was a usurper, who had caused the death of his sovereign, Moines, and driven the two brothers of the late king, whose names were Uther and Pendragon, into banishment.

wickedadjectiveUS /ˈwɪkəd/

morally bad in principle or practice

From this reading MERLIN Merlin was the son of no mortal father, but of an Incubus, one of a class of beings not absolutely wicked, but far from good, who inhabit the regions of the air.

womannounUS /ˈwʊmən/

an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading Merlin's mother was a virtuous young woman, who, on the birth of her son, intrusted him to a priest, who hurried him to the baptismal fount, and so saved him from sharing the lot of his father, though he retained many marks of his unearthly origin.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Merlin's mother was a virtuous young woman, who, on the birth of her son, intrusted him to a priest, who hurried him to the baptismal fount, and so saved him from sharing the lot of his father, though he retained many marks of his unearthly origin.

Chapter 3 of The Age of Chivalry by Thomas Bulfinch holds 63 sentences, grouped into 13 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of The Age of Chivalry contain?

Chapter 3 holds 63 sentences of The Age of Chivalry, unabridged, divided into 13 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of The Age of Chivalry by Thomas Bulfinch exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 63 sentences, grouped into 13 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of The Age of Chivalry?

Work through the 13 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 13 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Age of Chivalry

Common questions about reading The Age of Chivalry by Thomas Bulfinch on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Age of Chivalry?

Yes. All 4782 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4926 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Age of Chivalry is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4926, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Age of Chivalry take to read?

About 398 minutes of reading across 957 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Age of Chivalry section by section

How to work through The Age of Chivalry section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Age of Chivalry

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Age of Chivalry, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Decline
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Age of Chivalry; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Roman
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Age of Chivalry; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Power
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Age of Chivalry; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Centuries
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Age of Chivalry; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.