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The Age of Chivalry
The Age of Chivalry

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Age of Chivalry is here in full — 128 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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ARTHUR We shall begin our history of King Arthur by giving those particulars of his life which appear to rest on historical evidence; and then proceed to record those legends concerning him which form the earliest portion of British literature.
Arthur was a prince of the tribe of Britons called Silures, whose country was South Wales, the son of Uther, named Pendragon, a title given to an elective sovereign, paramount over the many kings of Britain.
He appears to have commenced his martial career about the year 500, and was raised to the Pendragonship about ten years later.
He is said to have gained twelve victories over the Saxons.
The most important of them was that of Badon, by some supposed to be Bath, by others Berkshire.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Age of Chivalry

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of The Age of Chivalry is here in full — 128 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/25 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ARTHUR We shall begin our history of King Arthur by giving those particulars of his life which appear to rest on historical evidence; and then proceed to record those legends concerning him which form the earliest portion of British literature.
/ˈɑːrθər wiː ʃæl bɪˈɡɪn ˈaʊər ˈhɪstəri ʌv kɪŋ ˈɑːrθər baɪ ˈɡɪvɪŋ ðoʊz pərˈtɪkjələrz ʌv hɪz laɪf wɪtʃ əˈpɪr tuː rest ɑːn hɪˈstɔːrɪkəl ˈevədəns ənd ðen prəˈsiːd tuː rəˈkɔːrd ðoʊz ˈledʒəndz kənˈsɜːrnɪŋ hɪm wɪtʃ fɔːrm ðə ˈɜːrliəst ˈpɔːrʃən ʌv ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈlɪtərətʃər/
Line 2
Arthur was a prince of the tribe of Britons called Silures, whose country was South Wales, the son of Uther, named Pendragon, a title given to an elective sovereign, paramount over the many kings of Britain.
Line 3
He appears to have commenced his martial career about the year 500, and was raised to the Pendragonship about ten years later.
Line 4
He is said to have gained twelve victories over the Saxons.
/hiː ɪz sed tuː hæv ɡeɪnd twelv ˈvɪktəriz ˈoʊvər ðə ˈsæksənz/
Line 5
The most important of them was that of Badon, by some supposed to be Bath, by others Berkshire.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Berkshire noun US /ˈbɜːrkʃər/

a county in southern England

From this reading “The most important of them was that of Badon, by some supposed to be Bath, by others Berkshire.”

Britons noun US /ˈbrɪtənz/

plural of “briton” — a native or inhabitant of Great Britain

From this reading “Arthur was a prince of the tribe of Britons called Silures, whose country was South Wales, the son of Uther, named Pendragon, a title given to an elective sovereign, paramount over the many kings of Britain.”

elective adjective US /ɪˈlektɪv/

subject to popular election

From this reading “Arthur was a prince of the tribe of Britons called Silures, whose country was South Wales, the son of Uther, named Pendragon, a title given to an elective sovereign, paramount over the many kings of Britain.”

legends noun US /ˈledʒəndz/

plural of “legend” — a story about mythical or supernatural beings or events

From this reading “ARTHUR We shall begin our history of King Arthur by giving those particulars of his life which appear to rest on historical evidence; and then proceed to record those legends concerning him which form the earliest portion of British literature.”

paramount adjective US /ˈperəmaʊnt/

having superior power and influence

From this reading “Arthur was a prince of the tribe of Britons called Silures, whose country was South Wales, the son of Uther, named Pendragon, a title given to an elective sovereign, paramount over the many kings of Britain.”

Saxons noun US /ˈsæksənz/

plural of “saxon” — a member of a Germanic people who conquered England and merged with the Angles and Jutes to become Anglo-Saxons; dominant in England until the Norman Conquest

From this reading “He is said to have gained twelve victories over the Saxons.”

victories noun US /ˈvɪktəriz/

plural of “victory” — a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading “He is said to have gained twelve victories over the Saxons.”

Wales noun US /weɪlz/

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; during Roman times the region was known as Cambria

From this reading “Arthur was a prince of the tribe of Britons called Silures, whose country was South Wales, the son of Uther, named Pendragon, a title given to an elective sovereign, paramount over the many kings of Britain.”

All words in this reading · 90

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

500

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He appears to have commenced his martial career about the year 500, and was raised to the Pendragonship about ten years later.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Arthur was a prince of the tribe of Britons called Silures, whose country was South Wales, the son of Uther, named Pendragon, a title given to an elective sovereign, paramount over the many kings of Britain.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading He appears to have commenced his martial career about the year 500, and was raised to the Pendragonship about ten years later.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Arthur was a prince of the tribe of Britons called Silures, whose country was South Wales, the son of Uther, named Pendragon, a title given to an elective sovereign, paramount over the many kings of Britain.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading ARTHUR We shall begin our history of King Arthur by giving those particulars of his life which appear to rest on historical evidence; and then proceed to record those legends concerning him which form the earliest portion of British literature.

appearverbUS /əˈpɪr/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading ARTHUR We shall begin our history of King Arthur by giving those particulars of his life which appear to rest on historical evidence; and then proceed to record those legends concerning him which form the earliest portion of British literature.

appearsverbUS /əˈpɪrz/

third-person singular of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading He appears to have commenced his martial career about the year 500, and was raised to the Pendragonship about ten years later.

ARTHURnounUS /ˈɑːrθər/

elected vice president and became 21st President of the United States when Garfield was assassinated (1830-1886)

From this reading ARTHUR We shall begin our history of King Arthur by giving those particulars of his life which appear to rest on historical evidence; and then proceed to record those legends concerning him which form the earliest portion of British literature.

Badon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The most important of them was that of Badon, by some supposed to be Bath, by others Berkshire.

BathnounUS /bæθ/

a vessel containing liquid in which something is immersed (as to process it or to maintain it at a constant temperature or to lubricate it)

From this reading The most important of them was that of Badon, by some supposed to be Bath, by others Berkshire.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The most important of them was that of Badon, by some supposed to be Bath, by others Berkshire.

beginverbUS /bɪˈɡɪn/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading ARTHUR We shall begin our history of King Arthur by giving those particulars of his life which appear to rest on historical evidence; and then proceed to record those legends concerning him which form the earliest portion of British literature.

BerkshirenounUS /ˈbɜːrkʃər/

a county in southern England

From this reading The most important of them was that of Badon, by some supposed to be Bath, by others Berkshire.

BritainnounUS /ˈbrɪtən/

a monarchy in northwestern Europe occupying most of the British Isles; divided into England and Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland; “Great Britain” is often used loosely to refer to the United Kingdom

From this reading Arthur was a prince of the tribe of Britons called Silures, whose country was South Wales, the son of Uther, named Pendragon, a title given to an elective sovereign, paramount over the many kings of Britain.

BritishnounUS /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

the people of Great Britain

From this reading ARTHUR We shall begin our history of King Arthur by giving those particulars of his life which appear to rest on historical evidence; and then proceed to record those legends concerning him which form the earliest portion of British literature.

BritonsnounUS /ˈbrɪtənz/

plural of “briton” — a native or inhabitant of Great Britain

From this reading Arthur was a prince of the tribe of Britons called Silures, whose country was South Wales, the son of Uther, named Pendragon, a title given to an elective sovereign, paramount over the many kings of Britain.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading ARTHUR We shall begin our history of King Arthur by giving those particulars of his life which appear to rest on historical evidence; and then proceed to record those legends concerning him which form the earliest portion of British literature.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Arthur was a prince of the tribe of Britons called Silures, whose country was South Wales, the son of Uther, named Pendragon, a title given to an elective sovereign, paramount over the many kings of Britain.

careernounUS /kərˈɪr/

the particular occupation for which you are trained

From this reading He appears to have commenced his martial career about the year 500, and was raised to the Pendragonship about ten years later.

commencedverbUS /kəˈmenst/

past form of “commence” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading He appears to have commenced his martial career about the year 500, and was raised to the Pendragonship about ten years later.

concerningverbUS /kənˈsɜːrnɪŋ/

-ing form of “concern” — be relevant to

From this reading ARTHUR We shall begin our history of King Arthur by giving those particulars of his life which appear to rest on historical evidence; and then proceed to record those legends concerning him which form the earliest portion of British literature.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Arthur was a prince of the tribe of Britons called Silures, whose country was South Wales, the son of Uther, named Pendragon, a title given to an elective sovereign, paramount over the many kings of Britain.

earliestadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrliəst/

(comparative and superlative of “early”) more early than; most early

From this reading ARTHUR We shall begin our history of King Arthur by giving those particulars of his life which appear to rest on historical evidence; and then proceed to record those legends concerning him which form the earliest portion of British literature.

electiveadjectiveUS /ɪˈlektɪv/

subject to popular election

From this reading Arthur was a prince of the tribe of Britons called Silures, whose country was South Wales, the son of Uther, named Pendragon, a title given to an elective sovereign, paramount over the many kings of Britain.

evidencenounUS /ˈevədəns/

your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief

From this reading ARTHUR We shall begin our history of King Arthur by giving those particulars of his life which appear to rest on historical evidence; and then proceed to record those legends concerning him which form the earliest portion of British literature.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading ARTHUR We shall begin our history of King Arthur by giving those particulars of his life which appear to rest on historical evidence; and then proceed to record those legends concerning him which form the earliest portion of British literature.

gainedverbUS /ɡeɪnd/

past form of “gain” — obtain

From this reading He is said to have gained twelve victories over the Saxons.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading Arthur was a prince of the tribe of Britons called Silures, whose country was South Wales, the son of Uther, named Pendragon, a title given to an elective sovereign, paramount over the many kings of Britain.

givingnounUS /ˈɡɪvɪŋ/

the act of giving

From this reading ARTHUR We shall begin our history of King Arthur by giving those particulars of his life which appear to rest on historical evidence; and then proceed to record those legends concerning him which form the earliest portion of British literature.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading He appears to have commenced his martial career about the year 500, and was raised to the Pendragonship about ten years later.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He appears to have commenced his martial career about the year 500, and was raised to the Pendragonship about ten years later.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading ARTHUR We shall begin our history of King Arthur by giving those particulars of his life which appear to rest on historical evidence; and then proceed to record those legends concerning him which form the earliest portion of British literature.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading ARTHUR We shall begin our history of King Arthur by giving those particulars of his life which appear to rest on historical evidence; and then proceed to record those legends concerning him which form the earliest portion of British literature.

historicaladjectiveUS /hɪˈstɔːrɪkəl/

of or relating to the study of history

From this reading ARTHUR We shall begin our history of King Arthur by giving those particulars of his life which appear to rest on historical evidence; and then proceed to record those legends concerning him which form the earliest portion of British literature.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading ARTHUR We shall begin our history of King Arthur by giving those particulars of his life which appear to rest on historical evidence; and then proceed to record those legends concerning him which form the earliest portion of British literature.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading The most important of them was that of Badon, by some supposed to be Bath, by others Berkshire.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He is said to have gained twelve victories over the Saxons.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading ARTHUR We shall begin our history of King Arthur by giving those particulars of his life which appear to rest on historical evidence; and then proceed to record those legends concerning him which form the earliest portion of British literature.

kingsnounUS /kɪŋz/

plural of “king” — a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading Arthur was a prince of the tribe of Britons called Silures, whose country was South Wales, the son of Uther, named Pendragon, a title given to an elective sovereign, paramount over the many kings of Britain.

lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading He appears to have commenced his martial career about the year 500, and was raised to the Pendragonship about ten years later.

legendsnounUS /ˈledʒəndz/

plural of “legend” — a story about mythical or supernatural beings or events

From this reading ARTHUR We shall begin our history of King Arthur by giving those particulars of his life which appear to rest on historical evidence; and then proceed to record those legends concerning him which form the earliest portion of British literature.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading ARTHUR We shall begin our history of King Arthur by giving those particulars of his life which appear to rest on historical evidence; and then proceed to record those legends concerning him which form the earliest portion of British literature.

literaturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading ARTHUR We shall begin our history of King Arthur by giving those particulars of his life which appear to rest on historical evidence; and then proceed to record those legends concerning him which form the earliest portion of British literature.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Arthur was a prince of the tribe of Britons called Silures, whose country was South Wales, the son of Uther, named Pendragon, a title given to an elective sovereign, paramount over the many kings of Britain.

martialadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːrʃəl/

(of persons) befitting a warrior

From this reading He appears to have commenced his martial career about the year 500, and was raised to the Pendragonship about ten years later.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The most important of them was that of Badon, by some supposed to be Bath, by others Berkshire.

namedverbUS /neɪmd/

past form of “name” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Arthur was a prince of the tribe of Britons called Silures, whose country was South Wales, the son of Uther, named Pendragon, a title given to an elective sovereign, paramount over the many kings of Britain.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading ARTHUR We shall begin our history of King Arthur by giving those particulars of his life which appear to rest on historical evidence; and then proceed to record those legends concerning him which form the earliest portion of British literature.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading ARTHUR We shall begin our history of King Arthur by giving those particulars of his life which appear to rest on historical evidence; and then proceed to record those legends concerning him which form the earliest portion of British literature.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The most important of them was that of Badon, by some supposed to be Bath, by others Berkshire.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading ARTHUR We shall begin our history of King Arthur by giving those particulars of his life which appear to rest on historical evidence; and then proceed to record those legends concerning him which form the earliest portion of British literature.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Arthur was a prince of the tribe of Britons called Silures, whose country was South Wales, the son of Uther, named Pendragon, a title given to an elective sovereign, paramount over the many kings of Britain.

paramountadjectiveUS /ˈperəmaʊnt/

having superior power and influence

From this reading Arthur was a prince of the tribe of Britons called Silures, whose country was South Wales, the son of Uther, named Pendragon, a title given to an elective sovereign, paramount over the many kings of Britain.

particularsnounUS /pərˈtɪkjələrz/

plural of “particular” — a fact about some part (as opposed to general)

From this reading ARTHUR We shall begin our history of King Arthur by giving those particulars of his life which appear to rest on historical evidence; and then proceed to record those legends concerning him which form the earliest portion of British literature.

Pendragonnoun

the supreme war chief of the ancient Britons

From this reading Arthur was a prince of the tribe of Britons called Silures, whose country was South Wales, the son of Uther, named Pendragon, a title given to an elective sovereign, paramount over the many kings of Britain.

Pendragonship

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He appears to have commenced his martial career about the year 500, and was raised to the Pendragonship about ten years later.

portionnounUS /ˈpɔːrʃən/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading ARTHUR We shall begin our history of King Arthur by giving those particulars of his life which appear to rest on historical evidence; and then proceed to record those legends concerning him which form the earliest portion of British literature.

princenounUS /prɪns/

a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

From this reading Arthur was a prince of the tribe of Britons called Silures, whose country was South Wales, the son of Uther, named Pendragon, a title given to an elective sovereign, paramount over the many kings of Britain.

proceedverbUS /prəˈsiːd/

continue talking

From this reading ARTHUR We shall begin our history of King Arthur by giving those particulars of his life which appear to rest on historical evidence; and then proceed to record those legends concerning him which form the earliest portion of British literature.

raisedadjectiveUS /reɪzd/

located or moved above the surround or above the normal position

From this reading He appears to have commenced his martial career about the year 500, and was raised to the Pendragonship about ten years later.

recordnounUS /rəˈkɔːrd/

anything (such as a document or a phonograph record or a photograph) providing permanent evidence of or information about past events

From this reading ARTHUR We shall begin our history of King Arthur by giving those particulars of his life which appear to rest on historical evidence; and then proceed to record those legends concerning him which form the earliest portion of British literature.

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading ARTHUR We shall begin our history of King Arthur by giving those particulars of his life which appear to rest on historical evidence; and then proceed to record those legends concerning him which form the earliest portion of British literature.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading He is said to have gained twelve victories over the Saxons.

SaxonsnounUS /ˈsæksənz/

plural of “saxon” — a member of a Germanic people who conquered England and merged with the Angles and Jutes to become Anglo-Saxons; dominant in England until the Norman Conquest

From this reading He is said to have gained twelve victories over the Saxons.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading ARTHUR We shall begin our history of King Arthur by giving those particulars of his life which appear to rest on historical evidence; and then proceed to record those legends concerning him which form the earliest portion of British literature.

Silures

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Arthur was a prince of the tribe of Britons called Silures, whose country was South Wales, the son of Uther, named Pendragon, a title given to an elective sovereign, paramount over the many kings of Britain.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The most important of them was that of Badon, by some supposed to be Bath, by others Berkshire.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading Arthur was a prince of the tribe of Britons called Silures, whose country was South Wales, the son of Uther, named Pendragon, a title given to an elective sovereign, paramount over the many kings of Britain.

SouthnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Arthur was a prince of the tribe of Britons called Silures, whose country was South Wales, the son of Uther, named Pendragon, a title given to an elective sovereign, paramount over the many kings of Britain.

sovereignadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːv.rən/

Possessing supreme or ultimate power; autonomous and commanding.

From this reading Arthur was a prince of the tribe of Britons called Silures, whose country was South Wales, the son of Uther, named Pendragon, a title given to an elective sovereign, paramount over the many kings of Britain.

supposedadjectiveUS /səˈpoʊzd/

required or under orders

From this reading The most important of them was that of Badon, by some supposed to be Bath, by others Berkshire.

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading He appears to have commenced his martial career about the year 500, and was raised to the Pendragonship about ten years later.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The most important of them was that of Badon, by some supposed to be Bath, by others Berkshire.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ARTHUR We shall begin our history of King Arthur by giving those particulars of his life which appear to rest on historical evidence; and then proceed to record those legends concerning him which form the earliest portion of British literature.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The most important of them was that of Badon, by some supposed to be Bath, by others Berkshire.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading ARTHUR We shall begin our history of King Arthur by giving those particulars of his life which appear to rest on historical evidence; and then proceed to record those legends concerning him which form the earliest portion of British literature.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading ARTHUR We shall begin our history of King Arthur by giving those particulars of his life which appear to rest on historical evidence; and then proceed to record those legends concerning him which form the earliest portion of British literature.

titlenounUS /ˈtaɪtəl/

a heading that names a statute or legislative bill; may give a brief summary of the matters it deals with

From this reading Arthur was a prince of the tribe of Britons called Silures, whose country was South Wales, the son of Uther, named Pendragon, a title given to an elective sovereign, paramount over the many kings of Britain.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading ARTHUR We shall begin our history of King Arthur by giving those particulars of his life which appear to rest on historical evidence; and then proceed to record those legends concerning him which form the earliest portion of British literature.

tribenounUS /traɪb/

a social division of (usually preliterate) people

From this reading Arthur was a prince of the tribe of Britons called Silures, whose country was South Wales, the son of Uther, named Pendragon, a title given to an elective sovereign, paramount over the many kings of Britain.

twelvenounUS /twelv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eleven and one

From this reading He is said to have gained twelve victories over the Saxons.

Uther

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Arthur was a prince of the tribe of Britons called Silures, whose country was South Wales, the son of Uther, named Pendragon, a title given to an elective sovereign, paramount over the many kings of Britain.

victoriesnounUS /ˈvɪktəriz/

plural of “victory” — a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading He is said to have gained twelve victories over the Saxons.

WalesnounUS /weɪlz/

one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; during Roman times the region was known as Cambria

From this reading Arthur was a prince of the tribe of Britons called Silures, whose country was South Wales, the son of Uther, named Pendragon, a title given to an elective sovereign, paramount over the many kings of Britain.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Arthur was a prince of the tribe of Britons called Silures, whose country was South Wales, the son of Uther, named Pendragon, a title given to an elective sovereign, paramount over the many kings of Britain.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading ARTHUR We shall begin our history of King Arthur by giving those particulars of his life which appear to rest on historical evidence; and then proceed to record those legends concerning him which form the earliest portion of British literature.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading ARTHUR We shall begin our history of King Arthur by giving those particulars of his life which appear to rest on historical evidence; and then proceed to record those legends concerning him which form the earliest portion of British literature.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading Arthur was a prince of the tribe of Britons called Silures, whose country was South Wales, the son of Uther, named Pendragon, a title given to an elective sovereign, paramount over the many kings of Britain.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading He appears to have commenced his martial career about the year 500, and was raised to the Pendragonship about ten years later.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading He appears to have commenced his martial career about the year 500, and was raised to the Pendragonship about ten years later.

Chapter 4 of The Age of Chivalry by Thomas Bulfinch holds 128 sentences, grouped into 26 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The Age of Chivalry contain?

Chapter 4 holds 128 sentences of The Age of Chivalry, unabridged, divided into 26 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The Age of Chivalry by Thomas Bulfinch exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 128 sentences, grouped into 26 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The Age of Chivalry?

Work through the 26 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 26 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Age of Chivalry

Common questions about reading The Age of Chivalry by Thomas Bulfinch on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Age of Chivalry?

Yes. All 4780 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4926 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Age of Chivalry is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4926, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Age of Chivalry take to read?

About 398 minutes of reading across 956 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Age of Chivalry section by section

How to work through The Age of Chivalry section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 36 chapters of The Age of Chivalry to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Age of Chivalry

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Age of Chivalry, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Decline
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Age of Chivalry; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Roman
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Age of Chivalry; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Power
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Age of Chivalry; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Centuries
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Age of Chivalry; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.