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The Age of Chivalry
The Age of Chivalry

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of The Age of Chivalry is here in full — 129 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/25 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.
Meliadus was married to Isabella, sister of Mark, king of Cornwall.
A fairy fell in love with him, and drew him away by enchantment while he was engaged in hunting.
His queen set out in quest of him, but was taken ill on her journey, and died, leaving an infant son, whom, from the melancholy circumstances of his birth, she called Tristram.
Gouvernail, the queen's squire, who had accompanied her, took charge of the child, and restored him to his father, who had at length burst the enchantments of the fairy, and returned home.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Age of Chivalry

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of The Age of Chivalry is here in full — 129 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/25 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.
Line 2
Meliadus was married to Isabella, sister of Mark, king of Cornwall.
Line 3
A fairy fell in love with him, and drew him away by enchantment while he was engaged in hunting.
/ə ˈferi fel ɪn lʌv wɪð hɪm ənd druː hɪm əˈweɪ baɪ enˈtʃæntmənt waɪl hiː wɑːz enˈɡeɪdʒd ɪn ˈhʌntɪŋ/
Line 4
His queen set out in quest of him, but was taken ill on her journey, and died, leaving an infant son, whom, from the melancholy circumstances of his birth, she called Tristram.
/hɪz kwiːn set aʊt ɪn kwest ʌv hɪm bʌt wɑːz ˈteɪkən ɪl ɑːn hɜːr ˈdʒɜːrni ənd daɪd ˈliːvɪŋ æn ˈɪnfənt sʌn huːm frʌm ðə ˈmelənkɑːli ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz ʌv hɪz bɜːrθ ʃiː kɔːld ˈtrɪstrəm/
Line 5
Gouvernail, the queen's squire, who had accompanied her, took charge of the child, and restored him to his father, who had at length burst the enchantments of the fairy, and returned home.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

annals noun US /ˈænəlz/

reports of the work of a society or learned body etc

From this reading “TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.”

Cornwall noun US /ˈkɔːrnwɔːl/

a hilly county in southwestern England

From this reading “TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.”

enchantment noun US /enˈtʃæntmənt/

a feeling of great liking for something wonderful and unusual

From this reading “A fairy fell in love with him, and drew him away by enchantment while he was engaged in hunting.”

Isabella noun US /ˌɪzəˈbelə/

the queen of Castile whose marriage to Ferdinand of Aragon in 1469 marked the beginning of the modern state of Spain; they instituted the Spanish Inquisition in 1478 and sponsored the voyages of Christopher Columbus in 1492 (1451-1504)

From this reading “Meliadus was married to Isabella, sister of Mark, king of Cornwall.”

map verb US /mæp/

make a map of; show or establish the features of details of

From this reading “TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.”

overwhelmed verb US /ˌoʊvərˈwelmd/

past form of “overwhelm” — overcome, as with emotions or perceptual stimuli

From this reading “TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.”

queen's noun US /kwiːnz/

possessive form of “queen” — the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs

From this reading “Gouvernail, the queen's squire, who had accompanied her, took charge of the child, and restored him to his father, who had at length burst the enchantments of the fairy, and returned home.”

tristram noun US /ˈtrɪstrəm/

(Middle Ages) the nephew of the king of Cornwall who (according to legend) fell in love with his uncle's bride (Iseult) after they mistakenly drank a love potion that left them eternally in love with each other

From this reading “TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.”

All words in this reading · 90

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.

accompaniedadjectiveUS /əˈkʌmpənid/

having companions or an escort

From this reading Gouvernail, the queen's squire, who had accompanied her, took charge of the child, and restored him to his father, who had at length burst the enchantments of the fairy, and returned home.

adjoined

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading His queen set out in quest of him, but was taken ill on her journey, and died, leaving an infant son, whom, from the melancholy circumstances of his birth, she called Tristram.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.

annalsnounUS /ˈænəlz/

reports of the work of a society or learned body etc

From this reading TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Gouvernail, the queen's squire, who had accompanied her, took charge of the child, and restored him to his father, who had at length burst the enchantments of the fairy, and returned home.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading A fairy fell in love with him, and drew him away by enchantment while he was engaged in hunting.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.

birthnounUS /bɜːrθ/

the time when something begins (especially life)

From this reading His queen set out in quest of him, but was taken ill on her journey, and died, leaving an infant son, whom, from the melancholy circumstances of his birth, she called Tristram.

burstverbUS /bɜːrst/

come open suddenly and violently, as if from internal pressure

From this reading Gouvernail, the queen's squire, who had accompanied her, took charge of the child, and restored him to his father, who had at length burst the enchantments of the fairy, and returned home.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading His queen set out in quest of him, but was taken ill on her journey, and died, leaving an infant son, whom, from the melancholy circumstances of his birth, she called Tristram.

chargeverbUS /tʃɑːrdʒ/

to make a rush at or sudden attack upon, as in battle

From this reading Gouvernail, the queen's squire, who had accompanied her, took charge of the child, and restored him to his father, who had at length burst the enchantments of the fairy, and returned home.

childnounUS /tʃaɪld/

a young person of either sex

From this reading Gouvernail, the queen's squire, who had accompanied her, took charge of the child, and restored him to his father, who had at length burst the enchantments of the fairy, and returned home.

circumstancesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading His queen set out in quest of him, but was taken ill on her journey, and died, leaving an infant son, whom, from the melancholy circumstances of his birth, she called Tristram.

CornwallnounUS /ˈkɔːrnwɔːl/

a hilly county in southwestern England

From this reading TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.

diedverbUS /daɪd/

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading His queen set out in quest of him, but was taken ill on her journey, and died, leaving an infant son, whom, from the melancholy circumstances of his birth, she called Tristram.

disappearedverbUS /ˌdɪsəˈpɪrd/

past form of “disappear” — get lost, as without warning or explanation

From this reading TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.

drewnounUS /druː/

United States actor (born in Ireland); father of Georgiana Emma Barrymore (1827-1862)

From this reading A fairy fell in love with him, and drew him away by enchantment while he was engaged in hunting.

enchantmentnounUS /enˈtʃæntmənt/

a feeling of great liking for something wonderful and unusual

From this reading A fairy fell in love with him, and drew him away by enchantment while he was engaged in hunting.

enchantments

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Gouvernail, the queen's squire, who had accompanied her, took charge of the child, and restored him to his father, who had at length burst the enchantments of the fairy, and returned home.

engagedadjectiveUS /enˈɡeɪdʒd/

having ones attention or mind or energy engaged

From this reading A fairy fell in love with him, and drew him away by enchantment while he was engaged in hunting.

fairynounUS /ˈferi/

a small being, human in form, playful and having magical powers

From this reading A fairy fell in love with him, and drew him away by enchantment while he was engaged in hunting.

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Gouvernail, the queen's squire, who had accompanied her, took charge of the child, and restored him to his father, who had at length burst the enchantments of the fairy, and returned home.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading A fairy fell in love with him, and drew him away by enchantment while he was engaged in hunting.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.

Gouvernail

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Gouvernail, the queen's squire, who had accompanied her, took charge of the child, and restored him to his father, who had at length burst the enchantments of the fairy, and returned home.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Gouvernail, the queen's squire, who had accompanied her, took charge of the child, and restored him to his father, who had at length burst the enchantments of the fairy, and returned home.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading A fairy fell in love with him, and drew him away by enchantment while he was engaged in hunting.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading His queen set out in quest of him, but was taken ill on her journey, and died, leaving an infant son, whom, from the melancholy circumstances of his birth, she called Tristram.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading A fairy fell in love with him, and drew him away by enchantment while he was engaged in hunting.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His queen set out in quest of him, but was taken ill on her journey, and died, leaving an infant son, whom, from the melancholy circumstances of his birth, she called Tristram.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading Gouvernail, the queen's squire, who had accompanied her, took charge of the child, and restored him to his father, who had at length burst the enchantments of the fairy, and returned home.

huntingnounUS /ˈhʌntɪŋ/

the pursuit and killing or capture of wild animals regarded as a sport

From this reading A fairy fell in love with him, and drew him away by enchantment while he was engaged in hunting.

illadjectiveUS /ɪl/

affected by an impairment of normal physical or mental function

From this reading His queen set out in quest of him, but was taken ill on her journey, and died, leaving an infant son, whom, from the melancholy circumstances of his birth, she called Tristram.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.

infantnounUS /ˈɪnfənt/

a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk

From this reading His queen set out in quest of him, but was taken ill on her journey, and died, leaving an infant son, whom, from the melancholy circumstances of his birth, she called Tristram.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.

IsabellanounUS /ˌɪzəˈbelə/

the queen of Castile whose marriage to Ferdinand of Aragon in 1469 marked the beginning of the modern state of Spain; they instituted the Spanish Inquisition in 1478 and sponsored the voyages of Christopher Columbus in 1492 (1451-1504)

From this reading Meliadus was married to Isabella, sister of Mark, king of Cornwall.

ISOUDE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.

journeyverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrni/

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading His queen set out in quest of him, but was taken ill on her journey, and died, leaving an infant son, whom, from the melancholy circumstances of his birth, she called Tristram.

kingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.

kingdomnounUS /ˈkɪŋdəm/

a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.

leavingnounUS /ˈliːvɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading His queen set out in quest of him, but was taken ill on her journey, and died, leaving an infant son, whom, from the melancholy circumstances of his birth, she called Tristram.

lengthnounUS /leŋkθ/

the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading Gouvernail, the queen's squire, who had accompanied her, took charge of the child, and restored him to his father, who had at length burst the enchantments of the fairy, and returned home.

Leonois

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.

Lionesse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading A fairy fell in love with him, and drew him away by enchantment while he was engaged in hunting.

mapverbUS /mæp/

make a map of; show or establish the features of details of

From this reading TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.

MarkverbUS /mɑːrk/

attach a tag or label to

From this reading Meliadus was married to Isabella, sister of Mark, king of Cornwall.

marriedadjectiveUS /ˈmerid/

joined in matrimony

From this reading Meliadus was married to Isabella, sister of Mark, king of Cornwall.

melancholynounUS /ˈmelənkɑːli/

a feeling of thoughtful sadness

From this reading His queen set out in quest of him, but was taken ill on her journey, and died, leaving an infant son, whom, from the melancholy circumstances of his birth, she called Tristram.

Meliadus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.

oceannounUS /ˈoʊʃən/

a large body of water constituting a principal part of the hydrosphere

From this reading TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading His queen set out in quest of him, but was taken ill on her journey, and died, leaving an infant son, whom, from the melancholy circumstances of his birth, she called Tristram.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading His queen set out in quest of him, but was taken ill on her journey, and died, leaving an infant son, whom, from the melancholy circumstances of his birth, she called Tristram.

overwhelmedverbUS /ˌoʊvərˈwelmd/

past form of “overwhelm” — overcome, as with emotions or perceptual stimuli

From this reading TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.

queennounUS /kwiːn/

the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs

From this reading His queen set out in quest of him, but was taken ill on her journey, and died, leaving an infant son, whom, from the melancholy circumstances of his birth, she called Tristram.

queen'snounUS /kwiːnz/

possessive form of “queen” — the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs

From this reading Gouvernail, the queen's squire, who had accompanied her, took charge of the child, and restored him to his father, who had at length burst the enchantments of the fairy, and returned home.

questnounUS /kwest/

a search for an alternative that meets cognitive criteria

From this reading His queen set out in quest of him, but was taken ill on her journey, and died, leaving an infant son, whom, from the melancholy circumstances of his birth, she called Tristram.

restoredverbUS /rɪˈstɔːrd/

past form of “restore” — return to its original or usable and functioning condition

From this reading Gouvernail, the queen's squire, who had accompanied her, took charge of the child, and restored him to his father, who had at length burst the enchantments of the fairy, and returned home.

returnedverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrnd/

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading Gouvernail, the queen's squire, who had accompanied her, took charge of the child, and restored him to his father, who had at length burst the enchantments of the fairy, and returned home.

romancenounUS /roʊˈmæns/

a relationship between two lovers

From this reading TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading His queen set out in quest of him, but was taken ill on her journey, and died, leaving an infant son, whom, from the melancholy circumstances of his birth, she called Tristram.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading His queen set out in quest of him, but was taken ill on her journey, and died, leaving an infant son, whom, from the melancholy circumstances of his birth, she called Tristram.

sisternounUS /ˈsɪstər/

a female person who has the same parents as another person

From this reading Meliadus was married to Isabella, sister of Mark, king of Cornwall.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading His queen set out in quest of him, but was taken ill on her journey, and died, leaving an infant son, whom, from the melancholy circumstances of his birth, she called Tristram.

squirenounUS /skwaɪr/

young nobleman attendant on a knight

From this reading Gouvernail, the queen's squire, who had accompanied her, took charge of the child, and restored him to his father, who had at length burst the enchantments of the fairy, and returned home.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading His queen set out in quest of him, but was taken ill on her journey, and died, leaving an infant son, whom, from the melancholy circumstances of his birth, she called Tristram.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Meliadus was married to Isabella, sister of Mark, king of Cornwall.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading Gouvernail, the queen's squire, who had accompanied her, took charge of the child, and restored him to his father, who had at length burst the enchantments of the fairy, and returned home.

TRISTRAMnounUS /ˈtrɪstrəm/

(Middle Ages) the nephew of the king of Cornwall who (according to legend) fell in love with his uncle's bride (Iseult) after they mistakenly drank a love potion that left them eternally in love with each other

From this reading TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading TRISTRAM AND ISOUDE Meliadus was king of Leonois, or Lionesse, a country famous in the annals of romance, which adjoined the kingdom of Cornwall, but has now disappeared from the map, having been, it is said, overwhelmed by the ocean.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading A fairy fell in love with him, and drew him away by enchantment while he was engaged in hunting.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Gouvernail, the queen's squire, who had accompanied her, took charge of the child, and restored him to his father, who had at length burst the enchantments of the fairy, and returned home.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading His queen set out in quest of him, but was taken ill on her journey, and died, leaving an infant son, whom, from the melancholy circumstances of his birth, she called Tristram.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading A fairy fell in love with him, and drew him away by enchantment while he was engaged in hunting.

Chapter 12 of The Age of Chivalry by Thomas Bulfinch holds 129 sentences, grouped into 26 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of The Age of Chivalry contain?

Chapter 12 holds 129 sentences of The Age of Chivalry, unabridged, divided into 26 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of The Age of Chivalry by Thomas Bulfinch exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 129 sentences, grouped into 26 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of The Age of Chivalry?

Work through the 26 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 26 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Age of Chivalry

Common questions about reading The Age of Chivalry by Thomas Bulfinch on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Age of Chivalry?

Yes. All 4780 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4926 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Age of Chivalry is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4926, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Age of Chivalry take to read?

About 398 minutes of reading across 956 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Age of Chivalry section by section

How to work through The Age of Chivalry section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in The Age of Chivalry

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Age of Chivalry, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Decline
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Age of Chivalry; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Roman
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Age of Chivalry; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Power
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Age of Chivalry; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Centuries
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Age of Chivalry; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.