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The Age of Chivalry
The Age of Chivalry

Chapter XXV · Chapter 25

Chapter 25 of The Age of Chivalry is here in full — 90 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN KYNON'S ADVENTURE King Arthur was at Caerleon upon Usk; and one day he sat in his chamber, and with him were Owain, the son of Urien, and Kynon, the son of Clydno, and Kay, the son of Kyner, and Guenever and her handmaidens at needlework by the window.
In the centre of the chamher King Arthur sat, upon a seat of green rushes, [Footnote: The use of green rushes in apartments was by no means peculiar to the court of Carleon upon Usk.
Our ancestors had a great predilection for them, and they seem to have constituted an essential article, not only of comfort, but of luxury.
The custom of strewing the floor with rushes is well known to have existed in England during the Middle Ages, and also in France.] over which was spread a covering of flame-covered satin, and a cushion of red satin was under his elbow.
Then Arthur spoke.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Age of Chivalry

Chapter XXV · Chapter 25

Chapter 25 of The Age of Chivalry is here in full — 90 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN KYNON'S ADVENTURE King Arthur was at Caerleon upon Usk; and one day he sat in his chamber, and with him were Owain, the son of Urien, and Kynon, the son of Clydno, and Kay, the son of Kyner, and Guenever and her handmaidens at needlework by the window.
Line 2
In the centre of the chamher King Arthur sat, upon a seat of green rushes, [Footnote: The use of green rushes in apartments was by no means peculiar to the court of Carleon upon Usk.
Line 3
Our ancestors had a great predilection for them, and they seem to have constituted an essential article, not only of comfort, but of luxury.
/ˈaʊər ˈænsestərz hæd ə ɡreɪt ˌpredəˈlekʃən fɔːr ðem ənd ðeɪ siːm tuː hæv ˈkɑːnstətuːtəd æn eˈsenʃəl ˈɑːrtəkəl nɑːt ˈoʊnli ʌv ˈkʌmfərt bʌt ʌv ˈlʌɡʒəri/
Line 4
The custom of strewing the floor with rushes is well known to have existed in England during the Middle Ages, and also in France.] over which was spread a covering of flame-covered satin, and a cushion of red satin was under his elbow.
Line 5
Then Arthur spoke.
/ðen ˈɑːrθər spoʊk/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ancestors noun US /ˈænsestərz/

plural of “ancestor” — someone from whom you are descended (but usually more remote than a grandparent)

From this reading “Our ancestors had a great predilection for them, and they seem to have constituted an essential article, not only of comfort, but of luxury.”

constituted adjective US /ˈkɑːnstətuːtəd/

brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established

From this reading “Our ancestors had a great predilection for them, and they seem to have constituted an essential article, not only of comfort, but of luxury.”

cushion noun US /ˈkʊʃən/

a mechanical damper; absorbs energy of sudden impulses

From this reading “The custom of strewing the floor with rushes is well known to have existed in England during the Middle Ages, and also in France.] over which was spread a covering of flame-covered satin, and a cushion of red satin was under his elbow.”

essential adjective US /eˈsenʃəl/

absolutely necessary; vitally necessary

From this reading “Our ancestors had a great predilection for them, and they seem to have constituted an essential article, not only of comfort, but of luxury.”

needlework noun US /ˈniːdəlwɜːrk/

a creation created or assembled by needle and thread

From this reading “THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN KYNON'S ADVENTURE King Arthur was at Caerleon upon Usk; and one day he sat in his chamber, and with him were Owain, the son of Urien, and Kynon, the son of Clydno, and Kay, the son of Kyner, and Guenever and her handmaidens at needlework by the window.”

predilection noun US /ˌpredəˈlekʃən/

a predisposition in favor of something

From this reading “Our ancestors had a great predilection for them, and they seem to have constituted an essential article, not only of comfort, but of luxury.”

rushes noun US /ˈrʌʃəz/

plural of “rush” — the act of moving hurriedly and in a careless manner

From this reading “In the centre of the chamher King Arthur sat, upon a seat of green rushes, [Footnote: The use of green rushes in apartments was by no means peculiar to the court of Carleon upon Usk.”

satin noun US /ˈsætən/

a smooth fabric of silk or rayon; has a glossy face and a dull back

From this reading “The custom of strewing the floor with rushes is well known to have existed in England during the Middle Ages, and also in France.] over which was spread a covering of flame-covered satin, and a cushion of red satin was under his elbow.”

All words in this reading · 96

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In the centre of the chamher King Arthur sat, upon a seat of green rushes, [Footnote: The use of green rushes in apartments was by no means peculiar to the court of Carleon upon Usk.

ADVENTUREverbUS /ædˈventʃər/

take a risk in the hope of a favorable outcome

From this reading THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN KYNON'S ADVENTURE King Arthur was at Caerleon upon Usk; and one day he sat in his chamber, and with him were Owain, the son of Urien, and Kynon, the son of Clydno, and Kay, the son of Kyner, and Guenever and her handmaidens at needlework by the window.

AgesnounUS /ˈeɪdʒəz/

plural of “age” — how long something has existed

From this reading The custom of strewing the floor with rushes is well known to have existed in England during the Middle Ages, and also in France.] over which was spread a covering of flame-covered satin, and a cushion of red satin was under his elbow.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading The custom of strewing the floor with rushes is well known to have existed in England during the Middle Ages, and also in France.] over which was spread a covering of flame-covered satin, and a cushion of red satin was under his elbow.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Our ancestors had a great predilection for them, and they seem to have constituted an essential article, not only of comfort, but of luxury.

ancestorsnounUS /ˈænsestərz/

plural of “ancestor” — someone from whom you are descended (but usually more remote than a grandparent)

From this reading Our ancestors had a great predilection for them, and they seem to have constituted an essential article, not only of comfort, but of luxury.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN KYNON'S ADVENTURE King Arthur was at Caerleon upon Usk; and one day he sat in his chamber, and with him were Owain, the son of Urien, and Kynon, the son of Clydno, and Kay, the son of Kyner, and Guenever and her handmaidens at needlework by the window.

apartmentsnounUS /əˈpɑːrtmənts/

plural of “apartment” — a suite of rooms usually on one floor of an apartment house

From this reading In the centre of the chamher King Arthur sat, upon a seat of green rushes, [Footnote: The use of green rushes in apartments was by no means peculiar to the court of Carleon upon Usk.

ArthurnounUS /ˈɑːrθər/

elected vice president and became 21st President of the United States when Garfield was assassinated (1830-1886)

From this reading THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN KYNON'S ADVENTURE King Arthur was at Caerleon upon Usk; and one day he sat in his chamber, and with him were Owain, the son of Urien, and Kynon, the son of Clydno, and Kay, the son of Kyner, and Guenever and her handmaidens at needlework by the window.

articlenounUS /ˈɑːrtəkəl/

nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication

From this reading Our ancestors had a great predilection for them, and they seem to have constituted an essential article, not only of comfort, but of luxury.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN KYNON'S ADVENTURE King Arthur was at Caerleon upon Usk; and one day he sat in his chamber, and with him were Owain, the son of Urien, and Kynon, the son of Clydno, and Kay, the son of Kyner, and Guenever and her handmaidens at needlework by the window.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Our ancestors had a great predilection for them, and they seem to have constituted an essential article, not only of comfort, but of luxury.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN KYNON'S ADVENTURE King Arthur was at Caerleon upon Usk; and one day he sat in his chamber, and with him were Owain, the son of Urien, and Kynon, the son of Clydno, and Kay, the son of Kyner, and Guenever and her handmaidens at needlework by the window.

Caerleon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN KYNON'S ADVENTURE King Arthur was at Caerleon upon Usk; and one day he sat in his chamber, and with him were Owain, the son of Urien, and Kynon, the son of Clydno, and Kay, the son of Kyner, and Guenever and her handmaidens at needlework by the window.

Carleon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the centre of the chamher King Arthur sat, upon a seat of green rushes, [Footnote: The use of green rushes in apartments was by no means peculiar to the court of Carleon upon Usk.

centrenounUS /ˈsentər/

a low-lying region in central France

From this reading In the centre of the chamher King Arthur sat, upon a seat of green rushes, [Footnote: The use of green rushes in apartments was by no means peculiar to the court of Carleon upon Usk.

chambernounUS /ˈtʃeɪmbər/

a natural or artificial enclosed space

From this reading THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN KYNON'S ADVENTURE King Arthur was at Caerleon upon Usk; and one day he sat in his chamber, and with him were Owain, the son of Urien, and Kynon, the son of Clydno, and Kay, the son of Kyner, and Guenever and her handmaidens at needlework by the window.

chamher

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the centre of the chamher King Arthur sat, upon a seat of green rushes, [Footnote: The use of green rushes in apartments was by no means peculiar to the court of Carleon upon Usk.

Clydno

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN KYNON'S ADVENTURE King Arthur was at Caerleon upon Usk; and one day he sat in his chamber, and with him were Owain, the son of Urien, and Kynon, the son of Clydno, and Kay, the son of Kyner, and Guenever and her handmaidens at needlework by the window.

comfortnounUS /ˈkʌmfərt/

a state of being relaxed and feeling no pain

From this reading Our ancestors had a great predilection for them, and they seem to have constituted an essential article, not only of comfort, but of luxury.

constitutedadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnstətuːtəd/

brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established

From this reading Our ancestors had a great predilection for them, and they seem to have constituted an essential article, not only of comfort, but of luxury.

courtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading In the centre of the chamher King Arthur sat, upon a seat of green rushes, [Footnote: The use of green rushes in apartments was by no means peculiar to the court of Carleon upon Usk.

coveringnounUS /ˈkʌvərɪŋ/

a natural object that covers or envelops

From this reading The custom of strewing the floor with rushes is well known to have existed in England during the Middle Ages, and also in France.] over which was spread a covering of flame-covered satin, and a cushion of red satin was under his elbow.

cushionnounUS /ˈkʊʃən/

a mechanical damper; absorbs energy of sudden impulses

From this reading The custom of strewing the floor with rushes is well known to have existed in England during the Middle Ages, and also in France.] over which was spread a covering of flame-covered satin, and a cushion of red satin was under his elbow.

customnounUS /ˈkʌstəm/

accepted or habitual practice

From this reading The custom of strewing the floor with rushes is well known to have existed in England during the Middle Ages, and also in France.] over which was spread a covering of flame-covered satin, and a cushion of red satin was under his elbow.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN KYNON'S ADVENTURE King Arthur was at Caerleon upon Usk; and one day he sat in his chamber, and with him were Owain, the son of Urien, and Kynon, the son of Clydno, and Kay, the son of Kyner, and Guenever and her handmaidens at needlework by the window.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading The custom of strewing the floor with rushes is well known to have existed in England during the Middle Ages, and also in France.] over which was spread a covering of flame-covered satin, and a cushion of red satin was under his elbow.

elbownounUS /ˈelboʊ/

hinge joint between the forearm and upper arm and the corresponding joint in the forelimb of a quadruped

From this reading The custom of strewing the floor with rushes is well known to have existed in England during the Middle Ages, and also in France.] over which was spread a covering of flame-covered satin, and a cushion of red satin was under his elbow.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading The custom of strewing the floor with rushes is well known to have existed in England during the Middle Ages, and also in France.] over which was spread a covering of flame-covered satin, and a cushion of red satin was under his elbow.

essentialadjectiveUS /eˈsenʃəl/

absolutely necessary; vitally necessary

From this reading Our ancestors had a great predilection for them, and they seem to have constituted an essential article, not only of comfort, but of luxury.

existedverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪstəd/

past form of “exist” — have an existence, be extant

From this reading The custom of strewing the floor with rushes is well known to have existed in England during the Middle Ages, and also in France.] over which was spread a covering of flame-covered satin, and a cushion of red satin was under his elbow.

flame-covered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The custom of strewing the floor with rushes is well known to have existed in England during the Middle Ages, and also in France.] over which was spread a covering of flame-covered satin, and a cushion of red satin was under his elbow.

floornounUS /flɔːr/

the inside lower horizontal surface (as of a room, hallway, tent, or other structure)

From this reading The custom of strewing the floor with rushes is well known to have existed in England during the Middle Ages, and also in France.] over which was spread a covering of flame-covered satin, and a cushion of red satin was under his elbow.

FootnotenounUS /ˈfʊtnoʊt/

a printed note placed below the text on a printed page

From this reading In the centre of the chamher King Arthur sat, upon a seat of green rushes, [Footnote: The use of green rushes in apartments was by no means peculiar to the court of Carleon upon Usk.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Our ancestors had a great predilection for them, and they seem to have constituted an essential article, not only of comfort, but of luxury.

FOUNTAINnounUS /ˈfaʊntən/

a structure from which an artificially produced jet of water arises

From this reading THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN KYNON'S ADVENTURE King Arthur was at Caerleon upon Usk; and one day he sat in his chamber, and with him were Owain, the son of Urien, and Kynon, the son of Clydno, and Kay, the son of Kyner, and Guenever and her handmaidens at needlework by the window.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading The custom of strewing the floor with rushes is well known to have existed in England during the Middle Ages, and also in France.] over which was spread a covering of flame-covered satin, and a cushion of red satin was under his elbow.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Our ancestors had a great predilection for them, and they seem to have constituted an essential article, not only of comfort, but of luxury.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading In the centre of the chamher King Arthur sat, upon a seat of green rushes, [Footnote: The use of green rushes in apartments was by no means peculiar to the court of Carleon upon Usk.

Guenever

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN KYNON'S ADVENTURE King Arthur was at Caerleon upon Usk; and one day he sat in his chamber, and with him were Owain, the son of Urien, and Kynon, the son of Clydno, and Kay, the son of Kyner, and Guenever and her handmaidens at needlework by the window.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Our ancestors had a great predilection for them, and they seem to have constituted an essential article, not only of comfort, but of luxury.

handmaidens

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN KYNON'S ADVENTURE King Arthur was at Caerleon upon Usk; and one day he sat in his chamber, and with him were Owain, the son of Urien, and Kynon, the son of Clydno, and Kay, the son of Kyner, and Guenever and her handmaidens at needlework by the window.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Our ancestors had a great predilection for them, and they seem to have constituted an essential article, not only of comfort, but of luxury.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN KYNON'S ADVENTURE King Arthur was at Caerleon upon Usk; and one day he sat in his chamber, and with him were Owain, the son of Urien, and Kynon, the son of Clydno, and Kay, the son of Kyner, and Guenever and her handmaidens at needlework by the window.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN KYNON'S ADVENTURE King Arthur was at Caerleon upon Usk; and one day he sat in his chamber, and with him were Owain, the son of Urien, and Kynon, the son of Clydno, and Kay, the son of Kyner, and Guenever and her handmaidens at needlework by the window.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN KYNON'S ADVENTURE King Arthur was at Caerleon upon Usk; and one day he sat in his chamber, and with him were Owain, the son of Urien, and Kynon, the son of Clydno, and Kay, the son of Kyner, and Guenever and her handmaidens at needlework by the window.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN KYNON'S ADVENTURE King Arthur was at Caerleon upon Usk; and one day he sat in his chamber, and with him were Owain, the son of Urien, and Kynon, the son of Clydno, and Kay, the son of Kyner, and Guenever and her handmaidens at needlework by the window.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN KYNON'S ADVENTURE King Arthur was at Caerleon upon Usk; and one day he sat in his chamber, and with him were Owain, the son of Urien, and Kynon, the son of Clydno, and Kay, the son of Kyner, and Guenever and her handmaidens at needlework by the window.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The custom of strewing the floor with rushes is well known to have existed in England during the Middle Ages, and also in France.] over which was spread a covering of flame-covered satin, and a cushion of red satin was under his elbow.

Kay

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN KYNON'S ADVENTURE King Arthur was at Caerleon upon Usk; and one day he sat in his chamber, and with him were Owain, the son of Urien, and Kynon, the son of Clydno, and Kay, the son of Kyner, and Guenever and her handmaidens at needlework by the window.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN KYNON'S ADVENTURE King Arthur was at Caerleon upon Usk; and one day he sat in his chamber, and with him were Owain, the son of Urien, and Kynon, the son of Clydno, and Kay, the son of Kyner, and Guenever and her handmaidens at needlework by the window.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading The custom of strewing the floor with rushes is well known to have existed in England during the Middle Ages, and also in France.] over which was spread a covering of flame-covered satin, and a cushion of red satin was under his elbow.

Kyner

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN KYNON'S ADVENTURE King Arthur was at Caerleon upon Usk; and one day he sat in his chamber, and with him were Owain, the son of Urien, and Kynon, the son of Clydno, and Kay, the son of Kyner, and Guenever and her handmaidens at needlework by the window.

Kynon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN KYNON'S ADVENTURE King Arthur was at Caerleon upon Usk; and one day he sat in his chamber, and with him were Owain, the son of Urien, and Kynon, the son of Clydno, and Kay, the son of Kyner, and Guenever and her handmaidens at needlework by the window.

KYNON'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN KYNON'S ADVENTURE King Arthur was at Caerleon upon Usk; and one day he sat in his chamber, and with him were Owain, the son of Urien, and Kynon, the son of Clydno, and Kay, the son of Kyner, and Guenever and her handmaidens at needlework by the window.

LADYnounUS /ˈleɪdi/

a polite name for any woman

From this reading THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN KYNON'S ADVENTURE King Arthur was at Caerleon upon Usk; and one day he sat in his chamber, and with him were Owain, the son of Urien, and Kynon, the son of Clydno, and Kay, the son of Kyner, and Guenever and her handmaidens at needlework by the window.

luxurynounUS /ˈlʌɡʒəri/

something that is an indulgence rather than a necessity

From this reading Our ancestors had a great predilection for them, and they seem to have constituted an essential article, not only of comfort, but of luxury.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading In the centre of the chamher King Arthur sat, upon a seat of green rushes, [Footnote: The use of green rushes in apartments was by no means peculiar to the court of Carleon upon Usk.

MiddlenounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading The custom of strewing the floor with rushes is well known to have existed in England during the Middle Ages, and also in France.] over which was spread a covering of flame-covered satin, and a cushion of red satin was under his elbow.

needleworknounUS /ˈniːdəlwɜːrk/

a creation created or assembled by needle and thread

From this reading THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN KYNON'S ADVENTURE King Arthur was at Caerleon upon Usk; and one day he sat in his chamber, and with him were Owain, the son of Urien, and Kynon, the son of Clydno, and Kay, the son of Kyner, and Guenever and her handmaidens at needlework by the window.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading In the centre of the chamher King Arthur sat, upon a seat of green rushes, [Footnote: The use of green rushes in apartments was by no means peculiar to the court of Carleon upon Usk.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Our ancestors had a great predilection for them, and they seem to have constituted an essential article, not only of comfort, but of luxury.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN KYNON'S ADVENTURE King Arthur was at Caerleon upon Usk; and one day he sat in his chamber, and with him were Owain, the son of Urien, and Kynon, the son of Clydno, and Kay, the son of Kyner, and Guenever and her handmaidens at needlework by the window.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN KYNON'S ADVENTURE King Arthur was at Caerleon upon Usk; and one day he sat in his chamber, and with him were Owain, the son of Urien, and Kynon, the son of Clydno, and Kay, the son of Kyner, and Guenever and her handmaidens at needlework by the window.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Our ancestors had a great predilection for them, and they seem to have constituted an essential article, not only of comfort, but of luxury.

OurdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Our ancestors had a great predilection for them, and they seem to have constituted an essential article, not only of comfort, but of luxury.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The custom of strewing the floor with rushes is well known to have existed in England during the Middle Ages, and also in France.] over which was spread a covering of flame-covered satin, and a cushion of red satin was under his elbow.

Owain

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN KYNON'S ADVENTURE King Arthur was at Caerleon upon Usk; and one day he sat in his chamber, and with him were Owain, the son of Urien, and Kynon, the son of Clydno, and Kay, the son of Kyner, and Guenever and her handmaidens at needlework by the window.

peculiaradjectiveUS /pəˈkjuːljər/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading In the centre of the chamher King Arthur sat, upon a seat of green rushes, [Footnote: The use of green rushes in apartments was by no means peculiar to the court of Carleon upon Usk.

predilectionnounUS /ˌpredəˈlekʃən/

a predisposition in favor of something

From this reading Our ancestors had a great predilection for them, and they seem to have constituted an essential article, not only of comfort, but of luxury.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading The custom of strewing the floor with rushes is well known to have existed in England during the Middle Ages, and also in France.] over which was spread a covering of flame-covered satin, and a cushion of red satin was under his elbow.

rushesnounUS /ˈrʌʃəz/

plural of “rush” — the act of moving hurriedly and in a careless manner

From this reading In the centre of the chamher King Arthur sat, upon a seat of green rushes, [Footnote: The use of green rushes in apartments was by no means peculiar to the court of Carleon upon Usk.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN KYNON'S ADVENTURE King Arthur was at Caerleon upon Usk; and one day he sat in his chamber, and with him were Owain, the son of Urien, and Kynon, the son of Clydno, and Kay, the son of Kyner, and Guenever and her handmaidens at needlework by the window.

satinnounUS /ˈsætən/

a smooth fabric of silk or rayon; has a glossy face and a dull back

From this reading The custom of strewing the floor with rushes is well known to have existed in England during the Middle Ages, and also in France.] over which was spread a covering of flame-covered satin, and a cushion of red satin was under his elbow.

seatnounUS /siːt/

a space reserved for sitting (as in a theater or on a train or airplane)

From this reading In the centre of the chamher King Arthur sat, upon a seat of green rushes, [Footnote: The use of green rushes in apartments was by no means peculiar to the court of Carleon upon Usk.

seemverbUS /siːm/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Our ancestors had a great predilection for them, and they seem to have constituted an essential article, not only of comfort, but of luxury.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN KYNON'S ADVENTURE King Arthur was at Caerleon upon Usk; and one day he sat in his chamber, and with him were Owain, the son of Urien, and Kynon, the son of Clydno, and Kay, the son of Kyner, and Guenever and her handmaidens at needlework by the window.

spokenounUS /spoʊk/

support consisting of a radial member of a wheel joining the hub to the rim

From this reading Then Arthur spoke.

spreadverbUS /spred/

distribute or disperse widely

From this reading The custom of strewing the floor with rushes is well known to have existed in England during the Middle Ages, and also in France.] over which was spread a covering of flame-covered satin, and a cushion of red satin was under his elbow.

strewingnoun

the act of scattering

From this reading The custom of strewing the floor with rushes is well known to have existed in England during the Middle Ages, and also in France.] over which was spread a covering of flame-covered satin, and a cushion of red satin was under his elbow.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN KYNON'S ADVENTURE King Arthur was at Caerleon upon Usk; and one day he sat in his chamber, and with him were Owain, the son of Urien, and Kynon, the son of Clydno, and Kay, the son of Kyner, and Guenever and her handmaidens at needlework by the window.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Our ancestors had a great predilection for them, and they seem to have constituted an essential article, not only of comfort, but of luxury.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Then Arthur spoke.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Our ancestors had a great predilection for them, and they seem to have constituted an essential article, not only of comfort, but of luxury.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In the centre of the chamher King Arthur sat, upon a seat of green rushes, [Footnote: The use of green rushes in apartments was by no means peculiar to the court of Carleon upon Usk.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading The custom of strewing the floor with rushes is well known to have existed in England during the Middle Ages, and also in France.] over which was spread a covering of flame-covered satin, and a cushion of red satin was under his elbow.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN KYNON'S ADVENTURE King Arthur was at Caerleon upon Usk; and one day he sat in his chamber, and with him were Owain, the son of Urien, and Kynon, the son of Clydno, and Kay, the son of Kyner, and Guenever and her handmaidens at needlework by the window.

Urien

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN KYNON'S ADVENTURE King Arthur was at Caerleon upon Usk; and one day he sat in his chamber, and with him were Owain, the son of Urien, and Kynon, the son of Clydno, and Kay, the son of Kyner, and Guenever and her handmaidens at needlework by the window.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading In the centre of the chamher King Arthur sat, upon a seat of green rushes, [Footnote: The use of green rushes in apartments was by no means peculiar to the court of Carleon upon Usk.

Usk

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN KYNON'S ADVENTURE King Arthur was at Caerleon upon Usk; and one day he sat in his chamber, and with him were Owain, the son of Urien, and Kynon, the son of Clydno, and Kay, the son of Kyner, and Guenever and her handmaidens at needlework by the window.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN KYNON'S ADVENTURE King Arthur was at Caerleon upon Usk; and one day he sat in his chamber, and with him were Owain, the son of Urien, and Kynon, the son of Clydno, and Kay, the son of Kyner, and Guenever and her handmaidens at needlework by the window.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading The custom of strewing the floor with rushes is well known to have existed in England during the Middle Ages, and also in France.] over which was spread a covering of flame-covered satin, and a cushion of red satin was under his elbow.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN KYNON'S ADVENTURE King Arthur was at Caerleon upon Usk; and one day he sat in his chamber, and with him were Owain, the son of Urien, and Kynon, the son of Clydno, and Kay, the son of Kyner, and Guenever and her handmaidens at needlework by the window.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The custom of strewing the floor with rushes is well known to have existed in England during the Middle Ages, and also in France.] over which was spread a covering of flame-covered satin, and a cushion of red satin was under his elbow.

windownounUS /ˈwɪndoʊ/

a framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane and is built into a wall or roof to admit light or air

From this reading THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN KYNON'S ADVENTURE King Arthur was at Caerleon upon Usk; and one day he sat in his chamber, and with him were Owain, the son of Urien, and Kynon, the son of Clydno, and Kay, the son of Kyner, and Guenever and her handmaidens at needlework by the window.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading THE LADY OF THE FOUNTAIN KYNON'S ADVENTURE King Arthur was at Caerleon upon Usk; and one day he sat in his chamber, and with him were Owain, the son of Urien, and Kynon, the son of Clydno, and Kay, the son of Kyner, and Guenever and her handmaidens at needlework by the window.

Chapter 25 of The Age of Chivalry by Thomas Bulfinch holds 90 sentences, grouped into 18 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 25 of The Age of Chivalry contain?

Chapter 25 holds 90 sentences of The Age of Chivalry, unabridged, divided into 18 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 25 of The Age of Chivalry by Thomas Bulfinch exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 90 sentences, grouped into 18 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 25 of The Age of Chivalry?

Work through the 18 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 18 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 25 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 25 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Age of Chivalry

Common questions about reading The Age of Chivalry by Thomas Bulfinch on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Age of Chivalry?

Yes. All 4782 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4926 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Age of Chivalry is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4926, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Age of Chivalry take to read?

About 398 minutes of reading across 957 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through The Age of Chivalry section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Age of Chivalry

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Age of Chivalry, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Decline
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Age of Chivalry; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Roman
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Age of Chivalry; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Power
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Age of Chivalry; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Centuries
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Age of Chivalry; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.