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The Age of Chivalry
The Age of Chivalry

Chapter XXX · Chapter 30

Chapter 30 of The Age of Chivalry is here in full — 239 sentences across 48 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/47 · 5 lines
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GERAINT, THE SON OF ERBIN (Continued) Geraint, as he had been used to do when he was at Arthur's court, frequented tournaments.
And he became acquainted with valiant and mighty men, until he had gained as much fame there as he had formerly done elsewhere.
And he enriched his court, and his companions, and his nobles, with the best horses and the best arms, and with the best and most valuable jewels, and he ceased not until his fame had flown over the face of the whole kingdom.
"Before Geraint, the scourge of the enemy, I saw steeds white with foam, And after the shout of battle a fearful torrent."
--Hen.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Age of Chivalry

Chapter XXX · Chapter 30

Chapter 30 of The Age of Chivalry is here in full — 239 sentences across 48 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/47 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
GERAINT, THE SON OF ERBIN (Continued) Geraint, as he had been used to do when he was at Arthur's court, frequented tournaments.
Line 2
And he became acquainted with valiant and mighty men, until he had gained as much fame there as he had formerly done elsewhere.
/ənd hiː bɪˈkeɪm əˈkweɪntɪd wɪð ˈvæl.jənt ənd ˈmaɪti men ənˈtɪl hiː hæd ɡeɪnd æz mʌtʃ feɪm ðer æz hiː hæd ˈfɔːrmərli dʌn ˈelswer/
Line 3
And he enriched his court, and his companions, and his nobles, with the best horses and the best arms, and with the best and most valuable jewels, and he ceased not until his fame had flown over the face of the whole kingdom.
/ənd hiː enˈrɪtʃt hɪz kɔːrt ənd hɪz kəmˈpænjənz ənd hɪz ˈnoʊbəlz wɪð ðə best ˈhɔːrsəz ənd ðə best ɑːrmz ənd wɪð ðə best ənd moʊst ˈvæljəbəl ˈdʒuːəlz ənd hiː siːst nɑːt ənˈtɪl hɪz feɪm hæd floʊn ˈoʊvər ðə feɪs ʌv ðə hoʊl ˈkɪŋdəm/
Line 4
"Before Geraint, the scourge of the enemy, I saw steeds white with foam, And after the shout of battle a fearful torrent."
Line 5
--Hen.
/hen/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Arthur's noun US /ˈɑːrθərz/

possessive form of “arthur” — elected vice president and became 21st President of the United States when Garfield was assassinated (1830-1886)

From this reading “GERAINT, THE SON OF ERBIN (Continued) Geraint, as he had been used to do when he was at Arthur's court, frequented tournaments.”

enriched verb US /enˈrɪtʃt/

past form of “enrich” — make better or improve in quality

From this reading “And he enriched his court, and his companions, and his nobles, with the best horses and the best arms, and with the best and most valuable jewels, and he ceased not until his fame had flown over the face of the whole kingdom.”

flown verb US /floʊn/

inflected form of “fly” — travel through the air; be airborne

From this reading “And he enriched his court, and his companions, and his nobles, with the best horses and the best arms, and with the best and most valuable jewels, and he ceased not until his fame had flown over the face of the whole kingdom.”

frequented verb US /ˈfriːkwəntɪd/

past form of “frequent” — do one's shopping at; do business with; be a customer or client of

From this reading “GERAINT, THE SON OF ERBIN (Continued) Geraint, as he had been used to do when he was at Arthur's court, frequented tournaments.”

Hen noun US /hen/

adult female chicken

From this reading “--Hen.”

scourge noun US /skɜːrdʒ/

a whip used to inflict punishment (often used for pedantic humor)

From this reading “"Before Geraint, the scourge of the enemy, I saw steeds white with foam, And after the shout of battle a fearful torrent."”

steeds noun US /stiːdz/

plural of “steed” — (literary) a spirited horse for state of war

From this reading “"Before Geraint, the scourge of the enemy, I saw steeds white with foam, And after the shout of battle a fearful torrent."”

tournaments noun US /ˈtɜːrnəmənts/

plural of “tournament” — a sporting competition in which contestants play a series of games to decide the winner

From this reading “GERAINT, THE SON OF ERBIN (Continued) Geraint, as he had been used to do when he was at Arthur's court, frequented tournaments.”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading "Before Geraint, the scourge of the enemy, I saw steeds white with foam, And after the shout of battle a fearful torrent."

acquaintedadjectiveUS /əˈkweɪntɪd/

having fair knowledge of

From this reading And he became acquainted with valiant and mighty men, until he had gained as much fame there as he had formerly done elsewhere.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading "Before Geraint, the scourge of the enemy, I saw steeds white with foam, And after the shout of battle a fearful torrent."

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading And he became acquainted with valiant and mighty men, until he had gained as much fame there as he had formerly done elsewhere.

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading And he enriched his court, and his companions, and his nobles, with the best horses and the best arms, and with the best and most valuable jewels, and he ceased not until his fame had flown over the face of the whole kingdom.

Arthur'snounUS /ˈɑːrθərz/

possessive form of “arthur” — elected vice president and became 21st President of the United States when Garfield was assassinated (1830-1886)

From this reading GERAINT, THE SON OF ERBIN (Continued) Geraint, as he had been used to do when he was at Arthur's court, frequented tournaments.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading GERAINT, THE SON OF ERBIN (Continued) Geraint, as he had been used to do when he was at Arthur's court, frequented tournaments.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading GERAINT, THE SON OF ERBIN (Continued) Geraint, as he had been used to do when he was at Arthur's court, frequented tournaments.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading "Before Geraint, the scourge of the enemy, I saw steeds white with foam, And after the shout of battle a fearful torrent."

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading And he became acquainted with valiant and mighty men, until he had gained as much fame there as he had formerly done elsewhere.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading GERAINT, THE SON OF ERBIN (Continued) Geraint, as he had been used to do when he was at Arthur's court, frequented tournaments.

BeforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading "Before Geraint, the scourge of the enemy, I saw steeds white with foam, And after the shout of battle a fearful torrent."

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading And he enriched his court, and his companions, and his nobles, with the best horses and the best arms, and with the best and most valuable jewels, and he ceased not until his fame had flown over the face of the whole kingdom.

ceasedverbUS /siːst/

past form of “cease” — put an end to a state or an activity

From this reading And he enriched his court, and his companions, and his nobles, with the best horses and the best arms, and with the best and most valuable jewels, and he ceased not until his fame had flown over the face of the whole kingdom.

companionsnounUS /kəmˈpænjənz/

plural of “companion” — a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading And he enriched his court, and his companions, and his nobles, with the best horses and the best arms, and with the best and most valuable jewels, and he ceased not until his fame had flown over the face of the whole kingdom.

ContinuedadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːd/

without stop or interruption

From this reading GERAINT, THE SON OF ERBIN (Continued) Geraint, as he had been used to do when he was at Arthur's court, frequented tournaments.

courtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading GERAINT, THE SON OF ERBIN (Continued) Geraint, as he had been used to do when he was at Arthur's court, frequented tournaments.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading GERAINT, THE SON OF ERBIN (Continued) Geraint, as he had been used to do when he was at Arthur's court, frequented tournaments.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading And he became acquainted with valiant and mighty men, until he had gained as much fame there as he had formerly done elsewhere.

elsewhereadverbUS /ˈelswer/

in or to another place

From this reading And he became acquainted with valiant and mighty men, until he had gained as much fame there as he had formerly done elsewhere.

enemynounUS /ˈenəmi/

an opposing military force

From this reading "Before Geraint, the scourge of the enemy, I saw steeds white with foam, And after the shout of battle a fearful torrent."

enrichedverbUS /enˈrɪtʃt/

past form of “enrich” — make better or improve in quality

From this reading And he enriched his court, and his companions, and his nobles, with the best horses and the best arms, and with the best and most valuable jewels, and he ceased not until his fame had flown over the face of the whole kingdom.

ERBIN

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading GERAINT, THE SON OF ERBIN (Continued) Geraint, as he had been used to do when he was at Arthur's court, frequented tournaments.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading And he enriched his court, and his companions, and his nobles, with the best horses and the best arms, and with the best and most valuable jewels, and he ceased not until his fame had flown over the face of the whole kingdom.

famenounUS /feɪm/

the state or quality of being widely honored and acclaimed

From this reading And he became acquainted with valiant and mighty men, until he had gained as much fame there as he had formerly done elsewhere.

fearfuladjectiveUS /ˈfɪrfəl/

experiencing or showing fear

From this reading "Before Geraint, the scourge of the enemy, I saw steeds white with foam, And after the shout of battle a fearful torrent."

flownverbUS /floʊn/

inflected form of “fly” — travel through the air; be airborne

From this reading And he enriched his court, and his companions, and his nobles, with the best horses and the best arms, and with the best and most valuable jewels, and he ceased not until his fame had flown over the face of the whole kingdom.

foamnounUS /foʊm/

a mass of small bubbles formed in or on a liquid

From this reading "Before Geraint, the scourge of the enemy, I saw steeds white with foam, And after the shout of battle a fearful torrent."

formerlyadverbUS /ˈfɔːrmərli/

at a previous time

From this reading And he became acquainted with valiant and mighty men, until he had gained as much fame there as he had formerly done elsewhere.

frequentedverbUS /ˈfriːkwəntɪd/

past form of “frequent” — do one's shopping at; do business with; be a customer or client of

From this reading GERAINT, THE SON OF ERBIN (Continued) Geraint, as he had been used to do when he was at Arthur's court, frequented tournaments.

gainedverbUS /ɡeɪnd/

past form of “gain” — obtain

From this reading And he became acquainted with valiant and mighty men, until he had gained as much fame there as he had formerly done elsewhere.

GERAINTnoun

(Arthurian legend) one of the knights of the Round Table

From this reading GERAINT, THE SON OF ERBIN (Continued) Geraint, as he had been used to do when he was at Arthur's court, frequented tournaments.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading GERAINT, THE SON OF ERBIN (Continued) Geraint, as he had been used to do when he was at Arthur's court, frequented tournaments.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading GERAINT, THE SON OF ERBIN (Continued) Geraint, as he had been used to do when he was at Arthur's court, frequented tournaments.

HennounUS /hen/

adult female chicken

From this reading --Hen.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading And he enriched his court, and his companions, and his nobles, with the best horses and the best arms, and with the best and most valuable jewels, and he ceased not until his fame had flown over the face of the whole kingdom.

horsesnounUS /ˈhɔːrsəz/

plural of “horse” — solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading And he enriched his court, and his companions, and his nobles, with the best horses and the best arms, and with the best and most valuable jewels, and he ceased not until his fame had flown over the face of the whole kingdom.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "Before Geraint, the scourge of the enemy, I saw steeds white with foam, And after the shout of battle a fearful torrent."

jewelsnounUS /ˈdʒuːəlz/

plural of “jewel” — a precious or semiprecious stone incorporated into a piece of jewelry

From this reading And he enriched his court, and his companions, and his nobles, with the best horses and the best arms, and with the best and most valuable jewels, and he ceased not until his fame had flown over the face of the whole kingdom.

kingdomnounUS /ˈkɪŋdəm/

a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading And he enriched his court, and his companions, and his nobles, with the best horses and the best arms, and with the best and most valuable jewels, and he ceased not until his fame had flown over the face of the whole kingdom.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading And he became acquainted with valiant and mighty men, until he had gained as much fame there as he had formerly done elsewhere.

mightyadjectiveUS /ˈmaɪti/

having or showing great strength or force or intensity

From this reading And he became acquainted with valiant and mighty men, until he had gained as much fame there as he had formerly done elsewhere.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading And he enriched his court, and his companions, and his nobles, with the best horses and the best arms, and with the best and most valuable jewels, and he ceased not until his fame had flown over the face of the whole kingdom.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading And he became acquainted with valiant and mighty men, until he had gained as much fame there as he had formerly done elsewhere.

noblesnounUS /ˈnoʊbəlz/

plural of “noble” — a titled peer of the realm

From this reading And he enriched his court, and his companions, and his nobles, with the best horses and the best arms, and with the best and most valuable jewels, and he ceased not until his fame had flown over the face of the whole kingdom.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading And he enriched his court, and his companions, and his nobles, with the best horses and the best arms, and with the best and most valuable jewels, and he ceased not until his fame had flown over the face of the whole kingdom.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading GERAINT, THE SON OF ERBIN (Continued) Geraint, as he had been used to do when he was at Arthur's court, frequented tournaments.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading And he enriched his court, and his companions, and his nobles, with the best horses and the best arms, and with the best and most valuable jewels, and he ceased not until his fame had flown over the face of the whole kingdom.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading "Before Geraint, the scourge of the enemy, I saw steeds white with foam, And after the shout of battle a fearful torrent."

scourgenounUS /skɜːrdʒ/

a whip used to inflict punishment (often used for pedantic humor)

From this reading "Before Geraint, the scourge of the enemy, I saw steeds white with foam, And after the shout of battle a fearful torrent."

shoutverbUS /ʃaʊt/

utter in a loud voice; talk in a loud voice (usually denoting characteristic manner of speaking)

From this reading "Before Geraint, the scourge of the enemy, I saw steeds white with foam, And after the shout of battle a fearful torrent."

SONnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading GERAINT, THE SON OF ERBIN (Continued) Geraint, as he had been used to do when he was at Arthur's court, frequented tournaments.

steedsnounUS /stiːdz/

plural of “steed” — (literary) a spirited horse for state of war

From this reading "Before Geraint, the scourge of the enemy, I saw steeds white with foam, And after the shout of battle a fearful torrent."

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading GERAINT, THE SON OF ERBIN (Continued) Geraint, as he had been used to do when he was at Arthur's court, frequented tournaments.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading And he became acquainted with valiant and mighty men, until he had gained as much fame there as he had formerly done elsewhere.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading GERAINT, THE SON OF ERBIN (Continued) Geraint, as he had been used to do when he was at Arthur's court, frequented tournaments.

torrentnounUS /ˈtɔːrənt/

a heavy rain

From this reading "Before Geraint, the scourge of the enemy, I saw steeds white with foam, And after the shout of battle a fearful torrent."

tournamentsnounUS /ˈtɜːrnəmənts/

plural of “tournament” — a sporting competition in which contestants play a series of games to decide the winner

From this reading GERAINT, THE SON OF ERBIN (Continued) Geraint, as he had been used to do when he was at Arthur's court, frequented tournaments.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading And he became acquainted with valiant and mighty men, until he had gained as much fame there as he had formerly done elsewhere.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading GERAINT, THE SON OF ERBIN (Continued) Geraint, as he had been used to do when he was at Arthur's court, frequented tournaments.

valiantadjUS /ˈvæl.jənt/

Possessing or showing courage or determination; heroic. (Dũng cảm, quả cảm, anh hùng.)

From this reading And he became acquainted with valiant and mighty men, until he had gained as much fame there as he had formerly done elsewhere.

valuableadjectiveUS /ˈvæljəbəl/

having great material or monetary value especially for use or exchange

From this reading And he enriched his court, and his companions, and his nobles, with the best horses and the best arms, and with the best and most valuable jewels, and he ceased not until his fame had flown over the face of the whole kingdom.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading GERAINT, THE SON OF ERBIN (Continued) Geraint, as he had been used to do when he was at Arthur's court, frequented tournaments.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading GERAINT, THE SON OF ERBIN (Continued) Geraint, as he had been used to do when he was at Arthur's court, frequented tournaments.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading "Before Geraint, the scourge of the enemy, I saw steeds white with foam, And after the shout of battle a fearful torrent."

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading And he enriched his court, and his companions, and his nobles, with the best horses and the best arms, and with the best and most valuable jewels, and he ceased not until his fame had flown over the face of the whole kingdom.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading And he became acquainted with valiant and mighty men, until he had gained as much fame there as he had formerly done elsewhere.

Chapter 30 of The Age of Chivalry by Thomas Bulfinch holds 239 sentences, grouped into 48 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 30 of The Age of Chivalry contain?

Chapter 30 holds 239 sentences of The Age of Chivalry, unabridged, divided into 48 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 30 of The Age of Chivalry by Thomas Bulfinch exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 239 sentences, grouped into 48 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 30 of The Age of Chivalry?

Work through the 48 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 48 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 30 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 30 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Age of Chivalry

Common questions about reading The Age of Chivalry by Thomas Bulfinch on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Age of Chivalry?

Yes. All 4782 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4926 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Age of Chivalry is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4926, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Age of Chivalry take to read?

About 398 minutes of reading across 957 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through The Age of Chivalry section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in The Age of Chivalry

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Age of Chivalry, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Decline
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Age of Chivalry; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Roman
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Age of Chivalry; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Power
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Age of Chivalry; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Centuries
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Age of Chivalry; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.