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The American Electro Magnetic Telegraph
The American Electro Magnetic Telegraph

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The American Electro Magnetic Telegraph is here in full — 434 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/86 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
To make this more clear, I give an abstract both of the expenses and capacities of the ordinary visual telegraphs in some of the European countries.
In England, the semaphore telegraph, established between London and Portsmouth, a distance of 72 miles, is maintained by the British government at an average expense of _£_3,405, or $15,118 per annum.
From a return [vol.
30, 1843, accounts and papers of House of Commons] of the number of days during which the telegraph was _not available_, on account of the weather, during a period of three years, it appears that there were, in that time, 323 days in which it was useless, or nearly _one year out of three_!
But by a return made to the admiralty of the number of hours in the day appointed for working the telegraph, it appears that the hours appointed for the year are—from 1st October to 28th February, from 10 o’clock, a. m., to 3 p. m.; 5 hours.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The American Electro Magnetic Telegraph

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The American Electro Magnetic Telegraph is here in full — 434 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/86 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
To make this more clear, I give an abstract both of the expenses and capacities of the ordinary visual telegraphs in some of the European countries.
Line 2
In England, the semaphore telegraph, established between London and Portsmouth, a distance of 72 miles, is maintained by the British government at an average expense of _£_3,405, or $15,118 per annum.
Line 3
From a return [vol.
Line 4
30, 1843, accounts and papers of House of Commons] of the number of days during which the telegraph was _not available_, on account of the weather, during a period of three years, it appears that there were, in that time, 323 days in which it was useless, or nearly _one year out of three_!
Line 5
But by a return made to the admiralty of the number of hours in the day appointed for working the telegraph, it appears that the hours appointed for the year are—from 1st October to 28th February, from 10 o’clock, a. m., to 3 p. m.; 5 hours.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abstract verb US /æbˈstrækt/

consider a concept without thinking of a specific example; consider abstractly or theoretically

From this reading “To make this more clear, I give an abstract both of the expenses and capacities of the ordinary visual telegraphs in some of the European countries.”

admiralty noun US /ˈædmərəlti/

the department in charge of the navy (as in Great Britain)

From this reading “But by a return made to the admiralty of the number of hours in the day appointed for working the telegraph, it appears that the hours appointed for the year are—from 1st October to 28th February, from 10 o’clock, a. m., to 3 p. m.; 5 hours.”

annum noun US /ˈænəm/

(Latin) year

From this reading “In England, the semaphore telegraph, established between London and Portsmouth, a distance of 72 miles, is maintained by the British government at an average expense of _£_3,405, or $15,118 per annum.”

available adjective US /əˈveɪləbəl/

obtainable or accessible and ready for use or service

capacities noun US /kəˈpæsətiz/

plural of “capacity” — capability to perform or produce

From this reading “To make this more clear, I give an abstract both of the expenses and capacities of the ordinary visual telegraphs in some of the European countries.”

Commons noun US /ˈkɑːmənz/

a piece of open land for recreational use in an urban area

From this reading “30, 1843, accounts and papers of House of Commons] of the number of days during which the telegraph was _not available_, on account of the weather, during a period of three years, it appears that there were, in that time, 323 days in which it was useless, or nearly _one year out of three_!”

Portsmouth noun US /ˈpɔːrtsməθ/

a port city in southeastern Virginia on the Elizabeth River opposite Norfolk; naval base; shipyards

From this reading “In England, the semaphore telegraph, established between London and Portsmouth, a distance of 72 miles, is maintained by the British government at an average expense of _£_3,405, or $15,118 per annum.”

visual adjective US /ˈvɪʒəwəl/

relating to or using sight

From this reading “To make this more clear, I give an abstract both of the expenses and capacities of the ordinary visual telegraphs in some of the European countries.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

per annum preposition + noun

by the year; every year (usually with reference to a sum of money paid or received)

In this reading “In England, the semaphore telegraph, established between London and Portsmouth, a distance of 72 miles, is maintained by the British government at an average expense of _£_3,405, or $15,118 per annum.”

during a period preposition + article + noun counted as “during … period”

In this reading “30, 1843, accounts and papers of House of Commons] of the number of days during which the telegraph was _not available_, on account of the weather, during a period of three years, it appears that there were, in that time, 323 days in which it was useless, or nearly _one year out of three_!”

three years noun + noun

In this reading “30, 1843, accounts and papers of House of Commons] of the number of days during which the telegraph was _not available_, on account of the weather, during a period of three years, it appears that there were, in that time, 323 days in which it was useless, or nearly _one year out of three_!”

on account preposition + noun

In this reading “30, 1843, accounts and papers of House of Commons] of the number of days during which the telegraph was _not available_, on account of the weather, during a period of three years, it appears that there were, in that time, 323 days in which it was useless, or nearly _one year out of three_!”

All words in this reading · 99

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

10

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But by a return made to the admiralty of the number of hours in the day appointed for working the telegraph, it appears that the hours appointed for the year are—from 1st October to 28th February, from 10 o’clock, a. m., to 3 p. m.; 5 hours.

15,118

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In England, the semaphore telegraph, established between London and Portsmouth, a distance of 72 miles, is maintained by the British government at an average expense of _£_3,405, or $15,118 per annum.

1843

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 30, 1843, accounts and papers of House of Commons] of the number of days during which the telegraph was _not available_, on account of the weather, during a period of three years, it appears that there were, in that time, 323 days in which it was useless, or nearly _one year out of three_!

1st

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But by a return made to the admiralty of the number of hours in the day appointed for working the telegraph, it appears that the hours appointed for the year are—from 1st October to 28th February, from 10 o’clock, a. m., to 3 p. m.; 5 hours.

28th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But by a return made to the admiralty of the number of hours in the day appointed for working the telegraph, it appears that the hours appointed for the year are—from 1st October to 28th February, from 10 o’clock, a. m., to 3 p. m.; 5 hours.

3

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But by a return made to the admiralty of the number of hours in the day appointed for working the telegraph, it appears that the hours appointed for the year are—from 1st October to 28th February, from 10 o’clock, a. m., to 3 p. m.; 5 hours.

3,405

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In England, the semaphore telegraph, established between London and Portsmouth, a distance of 72 miles, is maintained by the British government at an average expense of _£_3,405, or $15,118 per annum.

30

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 30, 1843, accounts and papers of House of Commons] of the number of days during which the telegraph was _not available_, on account of the weather, during a period of three years, it appears that there were, in that time, 323 days in which it was useless, or nearly _one year out of three_!

323

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 30, 1843, accounts and papers of House of Commons] of the number of days during which the telegraph was _not available_, on account of the weather, during a period of three years, it appears that there were, in that time, 323 days in which it was useless, or nearly _one year out of three_!

5

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But by a return made to the admiralty of the number of hours in the day appointed for working the telegraph, it appears that the hours appointed for the year are—from 1st October to 28th February, from 10 o’clock, a. m., to 3 p. m.; 5 hours.

72

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In England, the semaphore telegraph, established between London and Portsmouth, a distance of 72 miles, is maintained by the British government at an average expense of _£_3,405, or $15,118 per annum.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In England, the semaphore telegraph, established between London and Portsmouth, a distance of 72 miles, is maintained by the British government at an average expense of _£_3,405, or $15,118 per annum.

abstractverbUS /æbˈstrækt/

consider a concept without thinking of a specific example; consider abstractly or theoretically

From this reading To make this more clear, I give an abstract both of the expenses and capacities of the ordinary visual telegraphs in some of the European countries.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading 30, 1843, accounts and papers of House of Commons] of the number of days during which the telegraph was _not available_, on account of the weather, during a period of three years, it appears that there were, in that time, 323 days in which it was useless, or nearly _one year out of three_!

accountsnounUS /əˈkaʊnts/

plural of “account” — a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading 30, 1843, accounts and papers of House of Commons] of the number of days during which the telegraph was _not available_, on account of the weather, during a period of three years, it appears that there were, in that time, 323 days in which it was useless, or nearly _one year out of three_!

admiraltynounUS /ˈædmərəlti/

the department in charge of the navy (as in Great Britain)

From this reading But by a return made to the admiralty of the number of hours in the day appointed for working the telegraph, it appears that the hours appointed for the year are—from 1st October to 28th February, from 10 o’clock, a. m., to 3 p. m.; 5 hours.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading To make this more clear, I give an abstract both of the expenses and capacities of the ordinary visual telegraphs in some of the European countries.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading To make this more clear, I give an abstract both of the expenses and capacities of the ordinary visual telegraphs in some of the European countries.

annumnounUS /ˈænəm/

(Latin) year

From this reading In England, the semaphore telegraph, established between London and Portsmouth, a distance of 72 miles, is maintained by the British government at an average expense of _£_3,405, or $15,118 per annum.

appearsverbUS /əˈpɪrz/

third-person singular of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading 30, 1843, accounts and papers of House of Commons] of the number of days during which the telegraph was _not available_, on account of the weather, during a period of three years, it appears that there were, in that time, 323 days in which it was useless, or nearly _one year out of three_!

appointedadjectiveUS /əˈpɔɪntɪd/

subject to appointment

From this reading But by a return made to the admiralty of the number of hours in the day appointed for working the telegraph, it appears that the hours appointed for the year are—from 1st October to 28th February, from 10 o’clock, a. m., to 3 p. m.; 5 hours.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading But by a return made to the admiralty of the number of hours in the day appointed for working the telegraph, it appears that the hours appointed for the year are—from 1st October to 28th February, from 10 o’clock, a. m., to 3 p. m.; 5 hours.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading In England, the semaphore telegraph, established between London and Portsmouth, a distance of 72 miles, is maintained by the British government at an average expense of _£_3,405, or $15,118 per annum.

availableadjectiveUS /əˈveɪləbəl/

obtainable or accessible and ready for use or service

From this reading 30, 1843, accounts and papers of House of Commons] of the number of days during which the telegraph was _not available_, on account of the weather, during a period of three years, it appears that there were, in that time, 323 days in which it was useless, or nearly _one year out of three_!

averageadjectiveUS /ˈævərɪdʒ/

approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value

From this reading In England, the semaphore telegraph, established between London and Portsmouth, a distance of 72 miles, is maintained by the British government at an average expense of _£_3,405, or $15,118 per annum.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading In England, the semaphore telegraph, established between London and Portsmouth, a distance of 72 miles, is maintained by the British government at an average expense of _£_3,405, or $15,118 per annum.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading To make this more clear, I give an abstract both of the expenses and capacities of the ordinary visual telegraphs in some of the European countries.

BritishnounUS /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

the people of Great Britain

From this reading In England, the semaphore telegraph, established between London and Portsmouth, a distance of 72 miles, is maintained by the British government at an average expense of _£_3,405, or $15,118 per annum.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But by a return made to the admiralty of the number of hours in the day appointed for working the telegraph, it appears that the hours appointed for the year are—from 1st October to 28th February, from 10 o’clock, a. m., to 3 p. m.; 5 hours.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In England, the semaphore telegraph, established between London and Portsmouth, a distance of 72 miles, is maintained by the British government at an average expense of _£_3,405, or $15,118 per annum.

capacitiesnounUS /kəˈpæsətiz/

plural of “capacity” — capability to perform or produce

From this reading To make this more clear, I give an abstract both of the expenses and capacities of the ordinary visual telegraphs in some of the European countries.

clearverbUS /klɪr/

rid of obstructions

From this reading To make this more clear, I give an abstract both of the expenses and capacities of the ordinary visual telegraphs in some of the European countries.

CommonsnounUS /ˈkɑːmənz/

a piece of open land for recreational use in an urban area

From this reading 30, 1843, accounts and papers of House of Commons] of the number of days during which the telegraph was _not available_, on account of the weather, during a period of three years, it appears that there were, in that time, 323 days in which it was useless, or nearly _one year out of three_!

countriesnounUS /ˈkʌntriz/

plural of “country” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading To make this more clear, I give an abstract both of the expenses and capacities of the ordinary visual telegraphs in some of the European countries.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading But by a return made to the admiralty of the number of hours in the day appointed for working the telegraph, it appears that the hours appointed for the year are—from 1st October to 28th February, from 10 o’clock, a. m., to 3 p. m.; 5 hours.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading 30, 1843, accounts and papers of House of Commons] of the number of days during which the telegraph was _not available_, on account of the weather, during a period of three years, it appears that there were, in that time, 323 days in which it was useless, or nearly _one year out of three_!

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading In England, the semaphore telegraph, established between London and Portsmouth, a distance of 72 miles, is maintained by the British government at an average expense of _£_3,405, or $15,118 per annum.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading 30, 1843, accounts and papers of House of Commons] of the number of days during which the telegraph was _not available_, on account of the weather, during a period of three years, it appears that there were, in that time, 323 days in which it was useless, or nearly _one year out of three_!

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading In England, the semaphore telegraph, established between London and Portsmouth, a distance of 72 miles, is maintained by the British government at an average expense of _£_3,405, or $15,118 per annum.

establishedadjectiveUS /ɪˈstæblɪʃt/

brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established

From this reading In England, the semaphore telegraph, established between London and Portsmouth, a distance of 72 miles, is maintained by the British government at an average expense of _£_3,405, or $15,118 per annum.

EuropeannounUS /ˌjʊrəˈpiːən/

a native or inhabitant of Europe

From this reading To make this more clear, I give an abstract both of the expenses and capacities of the ordinary visual telegraphs in some of the European countries.

expensenounUS /ɪkˈspens/

amounts paid for goods and services that may be currently tax deductible (as opposed to capital expenditures)

From this reading In England, the semaphore telegraph, established between London and Portsmouth, a distance of 72 miles, is maintained by the British government at an average expense of _£_3,405, or $15,118 per annum.

expensesnounUS /ɪkˈspensəz/

plural of “expense” — amounts paid for goods and services that may be currently tax deductible (as opposed to capital expenditures)

From this reading To make this more clear, I give an abstract both of the expenses and capacities of the ordinary visual telegraphs in some of the European countries.

FebruarynounUS /ˈfebjəweri/

the month following January and preceding March

From this reading But by a return made to the admiralty of the number of hours in the day appointed for working the telegraph, it appears that the hours appointed for the year are—from 1st October to 28th February, from 10 o’clock, a. m., to 3 p. m.; 5 hours.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading But by a return made to the admiralty of the number of hours in the day appointed for working the telegraph, it appears that the hours appointed for the year are—from 1st October to 28th February, from 10 o’clock, a. m., to 3 p. m.; 5 hours.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From a return [vol.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading To make this more clear, I give an abstract both of the expenses and capacities of the ordinary visual telegraphs in some of the European countries.

governmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading In England, the semaphore telegraph, established between London and Portsmouth, a distance of 72 miles, is maintained by the British government at an average expense of _£_3,405, or $15,118 per annum.

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading But by a return made to the admiralty of the number of hours in the day appointed for working the telegraph, it appears that the hours appointed for the year are—from 1st October to 28th February, from 10 o’clock, a. m., to 3 p. m.; 5 hours.

HousenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading 30, 1843, accounts and papers of House of Commons] of the number of days during which the telegraph was _not available_, on account of the weather, during a period of three years, it appears that there were, in that time, 323 days in which it was useless, or nearly _one year out of three_!

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading To make this more clear, I give an abstract both of the expenses and capacities of the ordinary visual telegraphs in some of the European countries.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading To make this more clear, I give an abstract both of the expenses and capacities of the ordinary visual telegraphs in some of the European countries.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In England, the semaphore telegraph, established between London and Portsmouth, a distance of 72 miles, is maintained by the British government at an average expense of _£_3,405, or $15,118 per annum.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading 30, 1843, accounts and papers of House of Commons] of the number of days during which the telegraph was _not available_, on account of the weather, during a period of three years, it appears that there were, in that time, 323 days in which it was useless, or nearly _one year out of three_!

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading In England, the semaphore telegraph, established between London and Portsmouth, a distance of 72 miles, is maintained by the British government at an average expense of _£_3,405, or $15,118 per annum.

mnounUS /em/

the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading But by a return made to the admiralty of the number of hours in the day appointed for working the telegraph, it appears that the hours appointed for the year are—from 1st October to 28th February, from 10 o’clock, a. m., to 3 p. m.; 5 hours.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading But by a return made to the admiralty of the number of hours in the day appointed for working the telegraph, it appears that the hours appointed for the year are—from 1st October to 28th February, from 10 o’clock, a. m., to 3 p. m.; 5 hours.

maintainedadjectiveUS /meɪnˈteɪnd/

kept in good condition

From this reading In England, the semaphore telegraph, established between London and Portsmouth, a distance of 72 miles, is maintained by the British government at an average expense of _£_3,405, or $15,118 per annum.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading To make this more clear, I give an abstract both of the expenses and capacities of the ordinary visual telegraphs in some of the European countries.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading In England, the semaphore telegraph, established between London and Portsmouth, a distance of 72 miles, is maintained by the British government at an average expense of _£_3,405, or $15,118 per annum.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading To make this more clear, I give an abstract both of the expenses and capacities of the ordinary visual telegraphs in some of the European countries.

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading 30, 1843, accounts and papers of House of Commons] of the number of days during which the telegraph was _not available_, on account of the weather, during a period of three years, it appears that there were, in that time, 323 days in which it was useless, or nearly _one year out of three_!

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading 30, 1843, accounts and papers of House of Commons] of the number of days during which the telegraph was _not available_, on account of the weather, during a period of three years, it appears that there were, in that time, 323 days in which it was useless, or nearly _one year out of three_!

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading 30, 1843, accounts and papers of House of Commons] of the number of days during which the telegraph was _not available_, on account of the weather, during a period of three years, it appears that there were, in that time, 323 days in which it was useless, or nearly _one year out of three_!

o'clockadverbUS /əˈklɑːk/

according to the clock

From this reading But by a return made to the admiralty of the number of hours in the day appointed for working the telegraph, it appears that the hours appointed for the year are—from 1st October to 28th February, from 10 o’clock, a. m., to 3 p. m.; 5 hours.

OctobernounUS /ɑːkˈtoʊbər/

the month following September and preceding November

From this reading But by a return made to the admiralty of the number of hours in the day appointed for working the telegraph, it appears that the hours appointed for the year are—from 1st October to 28th February, from 10 o’clock, a. m., to 3 p. m.; 5 hours.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading To make this more clear, I give an abstract both of the expenses and capacities of the ordinary visual telegraphs in some of the European countries.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading 30, 1843, accounts and papers of House of Commons] of the number of days during which the telegraph was _not available_, on account of the weather, during a period of three years, it appears that there were, in that time, 323 days in which it was useless, or nearly _one year out of three_!

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading 30, 1843, accounts and papers of House of Commons] of the number of days during which the telegraph was _not available_, on account of the weather, during a period of three years, it appears that there were, in that time, 323 days in which it was useless, or nearly _one year out of three_!

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading In England, the semaphore telegraph, established between London and Portsmouth, a distance of 72 miles, is maintained by the British government at an average expense of _£_3,405, or $15,118 per annum.

ordinarynounUS /ˈɔːrdəneri/

a judge of a probate court

From this reading To make this more clear, I give an abstract both of the expenses and capacities of the ordinary visual telegraphs in some of the European countries.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading 30, 1843, accounts and papers of House of Commons] of the number of days during which the telegraph was _not available_, on account of the weather, during a period of three years, it appears that there were, in that time, 323 days in which it was useless, or nearly _one year out of three_!

pnounUS /piː/

a multivalent nonmetallic element of the nitrogen family that occurs commonly in inorganic phosphate rocks and as organic phosphates in all living cells; is highly reactive and occurs in several allotropic forms

From this reading But by a return made to the admiralty of the number of hours in the day appointed for working the telegraph, it appears that the hours appointed for the year are—from 1st October to 28th February, from 10 o’clock, a. m., to 3 p. m.; 5 hours.

papersnounUS /ˈpeɪpərz/

writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature)

From this reading 30, 1843, accounts and papers of House of Commons] of the number of days during which the telegraph was _not available_, on account of the weather, during a period of three years, it appears that there were, in that time, 323 days in which it was useless, or nearly _one year out of three_!

perprepositionUS /pɜːr/

for each

From this reading In England, the semaphore telegraph, established between London and Portsmouth, a distance of 72 miles, is maintained by the British government at an average expense of _£_3,405, or $15,118 per annum.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading 30, 1843, accounts and papers of House of Commons] of the number of days during which the telegraph was _not available_, on account of the weather, during a period of three years, it appears that there were, in that time, 323 days in which it was useless, or nearly _one year out of three_!

PortsmouthnounUS /ˈpɔːrtsməθ/

a port city in southeastern Virginia on the Elizabeth River opposite Norfolk; naval base; shipyards

From this reading In England, the semaphore telegraph, established between London and Portsmouth, a distance of 72 miles, is maintained by the British government at an average expense of _£_3,405, or $15,118 per annum.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading From a return [vol.

semaphoreverb

send signals by or as if by semaphore

From this reading In England, the semaphore telegraph, established between London and Portsmouth, a distance of 72 miles, is maintained by the British government at an average expense of _£_3,405, or $15,118 per annum.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading To make this more clear, I give an abstract both of the expenses and capacities of the ordinary visual telegraphs in some of the European countries.

telegraphnounUS /ˈteləɡræf/

apparatus used to communicate at a distance over a wire (usually in Morse code)

From this reading In England, the semaphore telegraph, established between London and Portsmouth, a distance of 72 miles, is maintained by the British government at an average expense of _£_3,405, or $15,118 per annum.

telegraphs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To make this more clear, I give an abstract both of the expenses and capacities of the ordinary visual telegraphs in some of the European countries.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading 30, 1843, accounts and papers of House of Commons] of the number of days during which the telegraph was _not available_, on account of the weather, during a period of three years, it appears that there were, in that time, 323 days in which it was useless, or nearly _one year out of three_!

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading To make this more clear, I give an abstract both of the expenses and capacities of the ordinary visual telegraphs in some of the European countries.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading 30, 1843, accounts and papers of House of Commons] of the number of days during which the telegraph was _not available_, on account of the weather, during a period of three years, it appears that there were, in that time, 323 days in which it was useless, or nearly _one year out of three_!

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading To make this more clear, I give an abstract both of the expenses and capacities of the ordinary visual telegraphs in some of the European countries.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading 30, 1843, accounts and papers of House of Commons] of the number of days during which the telegraph was _not available_, on account of the weather, during a period of three years, it appears that there were, in that time, 323 days in which it was useless, or nearly _one year out of three_!

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading 30, 1843, accounts and papers of House of Commons] of the number of days during which the telegraph was _not available_, on account of the weather, during a period of three years, it appears that there were, in that time, 323 days in which it was useless, or nearly _one year out of three_!

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading To make this more clear, I give an abstract both of the expenses and capacities of the ordinary visual telegraphs in some of the European countries.

uselessadjectiveUS /ˈjuːsləs/

having no beneficial use or incapable of functioning usefully

From this reading 30, 1843, accounts and papers of House of Commons] of the number of days during which the telegraph was _not available_, on account of the weather, during a period of three years, it appears that there were, in that time, 323 days in which it was useless, or nearly _one year out of three_!

visualadjectiveUS /ˈvɪʒəwəl/

relating to or using sight

From this reading To make this more clear, I give an abstract both of the expenses and capacities of the ordinary visual telegraphs in some of the European countries.

vol

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From a return [vol.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading 30, 1843, accounts and papers of House of Commons] of the number of days during which the telegraph was _not available_, on account of the weather, during a period of three years, it appears that there were, in that time, 323 days in which it was useless, or nearly _one year out of three_!

weathernounUS /ˈweðər/

the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation

From this reading 30, 1843, accounts and papers of House of Commons] of the number of days during which the telegraph was _not available_, on account of the weather, during a period of three years, it appears that there were, in that time, 323 days in which it was useless, or nearly _one year out of three_!

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading 30, 1843, accounts and papers of House of Commons] of the number of days during which the telegraph was _not available_, on account of the weather, during a period of three years, it appears that there were, in that time, 323 days in which it was useless, or nearly _one year out of three_!

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading 30, 1843, accounts and papers of House of Commons] of the number of days during which the telegraph was _not available_, on account of the weather, during a period of three years, it appears that there were, in that time, 323 days in which it was useless, or nearly _one year out of three_!

workingadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːrkɪŋ/

actively engaged in paid work

From this reading But by a return made to the admiralty of the number of hours in the day appointed for working the telegraph, it appears that the hours appointed for the year are—from 1st October to 28th February, from 10 o’clock, a. m., to 3 p. m.; 5 hours.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading 30, 1843, accounts and papers of House of Commons] of the number of days during which the telegraph was _not available_, on account of the weather, during a period of three years, it appears that there were, in that time, 323 days in which it was useless, or nearly _one year out of three_!

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading 30, 1843, accounts and papers of House of Commons] of the number of days during which the telegraph was _not available_, on account of the weather, during a period of three years, it appears that there were, in that time, 323 days in which it was useless, or nearly _one year out of three_!

Chapter 4 of The American Electro Magnetic Telegraph by Alfred Vail holds 434 sentences, grouped into 87 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The American Electro Magnetic Telegraph contain?

Chapter 4 holds 434 sentences of The American Electro Magnetic Telegraph, unabridged, divided into 87 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The American Electro Magnetic Telegraph by Alfred Vail exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 434 sentences, grouped into 87 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The American Electro Magnetic Telegraph?

Work through the 87 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 87 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Is this the complete text of The American Electro Magnetic Telegraph?

Yes. All 2652 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #61533 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #61533, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The American Electro Magnetic Telegraph take to read?

About 221 minutes of reading across 531 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The American Electro Magnetic Telegraph

Words and structures a reader meets early in The American Electro Magnetic Telegraph, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Underscores
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The American Electro Magnetic Telegraph; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Phrase
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The American Electro Magnetic Telegraph; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Indicate
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The American Electro Magnetic Telegraph; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Italics
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The American Electro Magnetic Telegraph; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.