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The American historical novel (on American themes) before 1860
The American historical novel (on American themes) before 1860

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The American historical novel (on American themes) before 1860 is here in full — 418 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The American historical novel (on American themes) before 1860
Context Illustration Reading 1/83 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Additional notes will be found near the end of this ebook.
ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.
Further reflection may call to mind that he was enamored of the sea as well as of the wilderness, and that one of his stories had something to do with a spy.
All this, of course, is true; but that Cooper did much more than this, has been discovered comparatively recently.
The explanation is to be found, in part, in the fact that after Cooper’s death in 1851, the vogue of his type of romance having passed also, his popularity suffered a decline reaching its lowest ebb between 1870 and 1880.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The American historical novel (on American themes) before 1860

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of The American historical novel (on American themes) before 1860 is here in full — 418 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/83 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Additional notes will be found near the end of this ebook.
Line 2
ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.
Line 3
Further reflection may call to mind that he was enamored of the sea as well as of the wilderness, and that one of his stories had something to do with a spy.
/ˈfɜːrðər rɪˈflekʃən meɪ kɔːl tuː maɪnd ðæt hiː wɑːz eˈnæmərd ʌv ðə siː æz wel æz ʌv ðə ˈwɪldərnəs ənd ðæt wʌn ʌv hɪz ˈstɔːriz hæd ˈsʌmθɪŋ tuː duː wɪð ə spaɪ/
Line 4
All this, of course, is true; but that Cooper did much more than this, has been discovered comparatively recently.
/ɔːl ðɪs ʌv kɔːrs ɪz truː bʌt ðæt ˈkuːpər dɪd mʌtʃ mɔːr ðæn ðɪs hæz bɪn dɪˈskʌvərd kəmˈperətɪvli ˈriːsəntli/
Line 5
The explanation is to be found, in part, in the fact that after Cooper’s death in 1851, the vogue of his type of romance having passed also, his popularity suffered a decline reaching its lowest ebb between 1870 and 1880.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Cooper's noun US /ˈkuːpərz/

possessive form of “cooper” — United States industrialist who built the first American locomotive; founded Cooper Union in New York City to offer free courses in the arts and sciences (1791-1883)

ebb verb US /eb/

flow back or recede

From this reading “The explanation is to be found, in part, in the fact that after Cooper’s death in 1851, the vogue of his type of romance having passed also, his popularity suffered a decline reaching its lowest ebb between 1870 and 1880.”

enamored adjective US /eˈnæmərd/

marked by foolish or unreasoning fondness

From this reading “Further reflection may call to mind that he was enamored of the sea as well as of the wilderness, and that one of his stories had something to do with a spy.”

idealized adjective US /aɪˈdiːəlaɪzd/

exalted to an ideal perfection or excellence

From this reading “ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.”

irascible adjective US /ˌɪˈræsɪbəl/

quickly aroused to anger

From this reading “ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.”

Kansas noun US /ˈkænzəs/

a state in midwestern United States

From this reading “ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.”

lawsuits noun US /ˈlɔːsuːts/

plural of “lawsuit” — a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy

From this reading “ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.”

vogue noun US /voʊɡ/

the popular taste at a given time

From this reading “The explanation is to be found, in part, in the fact that after Cooper’s death in 1851, the vogue of his type of romance having passed also, his popularity suffered a decline reaching its lowest ebb between 1870 and 1880.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

old age adjective + noun

a late time of life

In this reading “ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.”

of course preposition + noun

as might be expected

In this reading “All this, of course, is true; but that Cooper did much more than this, has been discovered comparatively recently.”

much more adverb + adjective

In this reading “All this, of course, is true; but that Cooper did much more than this, has been discovered comparatively recently.”

All words in this reading · 113

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1851

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The explanation is to be found, in part, in the fact that after Cooper’s death in 1851, the vogue of his type of romance having passed also, his popularity suffered a decline reaching its lowest ebb between 1870 and 1880.

1870

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The explanation is to be found, in part, in the fact that after Cooper’s death in 1851, the vogue of his type of romance having passed also, his popularity suffered a decline reaching its lowest ebb between 1870 and 1880.

1880

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The explanation is to be found, in part, in the fact that after Cooper’s death in 1851, the vogue of his type of romance having passed also, his popularity suffered a decline reaching its lowest ebb between 1870 and 1880.

1913

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

1919

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

AdditionaladjectiveUS /əˈdɪʃənəl/

further or added

From this reading Additional notes will be found near the end of this ebook.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading The explanation is to be found, in part, in the fact that after Cooper’s death in 1851, the vogue of his type of romance having passed also, his popularity suffered a decline reaching its lowest ebb between 1870 and 1880.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading All this, of course, is true; but that Cooper did much more than this, has been discovered comparatively recently.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading The explanation is to be found, in part, in the fact that after Cooper’s death in 1851, the vogue of his type of romance having passed also, his popularity suffered a decline reaching its lowest ebb between 1870 and 1880.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Further reflection may call to mind that he was enamored of the sea as well as of the wilderness, and that one of his stories had something to do with a spy.

BnounUS /biː/

aerobic rod-shaped spore-producing bacterium; often occurring in chainlike formations; found primarily in soil

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Additional notes will be found near the end of this ebook.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading All this, of course, is true; but that Cooper did much more than this, has been discovered comparatively recently.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading The explanation is to be found, in part, in the fact that after Cooper’s death in 1851, the vogue of his type of romance having passed also, his popularity suffered a decline reaching its lowest ebb between 1870 and 1880.

boysnounUS /bɔɪz/

plural of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading All this, of course, is true; but that Cooper did much more than this, has been discovered comparatively recently.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Further reflection may call to mind that he was enamored of the sea as well as of the wilderness, and that one of his stories had something to do with a spy.

ChicagonounUS /ʃəˈkɑːɡoʊ/

largest city in Illinois; a bustling Great Lakes port that extends 26 miles along the southwestern shoreline of Lake Michigan

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

comparativelyadverbUS /kəmˈperətɪvli/

in a relative manner; by comparison to something else

From this reading All this, of course, is true; but that Cooper did much more than this, has been discovered comparatively recently.

CoopernounUS /ˈkuːpər/

United States industrialist who built the first American locomotive; founded Cooper Union in New York City to offer free courses in the arts and sciences (1791-1883)

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

Cooper'snounUS /ˈkuːpərz/

possessive form of “cooper” — United States industrialist who built the first American locomotive; founded Cooper Union in New York City to offer free courses in the arts and sciences (1791-1883)

From this reading The explanation is to be found, in part, in the fact that after Cooper’s death in 1851, the vogue of his type of romance having passed also, his popularity suffered a decline reaching its lowest ebb between 1870 and 1880.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading All this, of course, is true; but that Cooper did much more than this, has been discovered comparatively recently.

createdverbUS /kriˈeɪtəd/

past form of “create” — make or cause to be or to become

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

crossverbUS /krɔːs/

travel across or pass over

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading The explanation is to be found, in part, in the fact that after Cooper’s death in 1851, the vogue of his type of romance having passed also, his popularity suffered a decline reaching its lowest ebb between 1870 and 1880.

declineverbUS /dɪˈklaɪn/

grow worse

From this reading The explanation is to be found, in part, in the fact that after Cooper’s death in 1851, the vogue of his type of romance having passed also, his popularity suffered a decline reaching its lowest ebb between 1870 and 1880.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading All this, of course, is true; but that Cooper did much more than this, has been discovered comparatively recently.

discoveredadjectiveUS /dɪˈskʌvərd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading All this, of course, is true; but that Cooper did much more than this, has been discovered comparatively recently.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Further reflection may call to mind that he was enamored of the sea as well as of the wilderness, and that one of his stories had something to do with a spy.

ebbverbUS /eb/

flow back or recede

From this reading The explanation is to be found, in part, in the fact that after Cooper’s death in 1851, the vogue of his type of romance having passed also, his popularity suffered a decline reaching its lowest ebb between 1870 and 1880.

ebook

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Additional notes will be found near the end of this ebook.

enamoredadjectiveUS /eˈnæmərd/

marked by foolish or unreasoning fondness

From this reading Further reflection may call to mind that he was enamored of the sea as well as of the wilderness, and that one of his stories had something to do with a spy.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading Additional notes will be found near the end of this ebook.

ERNEST

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

ERWIN

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

explanationnounUS /ˌekspləˈneɪʃən/

a statement that makes something comprehensible by describing the relevant structure or operation or circumstances etc.

From this reading The explanation is to be found, in part, in the fact that after Cooper’s death in 1851, the vogue of his type of romance having passed also, his popularity suffered a decline reaching its lowest ebb between 1870 and 1880.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading The explanation is to be found, in part, in the fact that after Cooper’s death in 1851, the vogue of his type of romance having passed also, his popularity suffered a decline reaching its lowest ebb between 1870 and 1880.

Fenimore

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Additional notes will be found near the end of this ebook.

FurtheradverbUS /ˈfɜːrðər/

to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (“further” is used more often than “farther” in this abstract sense)

From this reading Further reflection may call to mind that he was enamored of the sea as well as of the wilderness, and that one of his stories had something to do with a spy.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Further reflection may call to mind that he was enamored of the sea as well as of the wilderness, and that one of his stories had something to do with a spy.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading All this, of course, is true; but that Cooper did much more than this, has been discovered comparatively recently.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading The explanation is to be found, in part, in the fact that after Cooper’s death in 1851, the vogue of his type of romance having passed also, his popularity suffered a decline reaching its lowest ebb between 1870 and 1880.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Further reflection may call to mind that he was enamored of the sea as well as of the wilderness, and that one of his stories had something to do with a spy.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Further reflection may call to mind that he was enamored of the sea as well as of the wilderness, and that one of his stories had something to do with a spy.

idealizedadjectiveUS /aɪˈdiːəlaɪzd/

exalted to an ideal perfection or excellence

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The explanation is to be found, in part, in the fact that after Cooper’s death in 1851, the vogue of his type of romance having passed also, his popularity suffered a decline reaching its lowest ebb between 1870 and 1880.

IndiansnounUS /ˈɪndiənz/

plural of “indian” — a native or inhabitant of India

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

irascibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈræsɪbəl/

quickly aroused to anger

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading All this, of course, is true; but that Cooper did much more than this, has been discovered comparatively recently.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The explanation is to be found, in part, in the fact that after Cooper’s death in 1851, the vogue of his type of romance having passed also, his popularity suffered a decline reaching its lowest ebb between 1870 and 1880.

JamesnounUS /dʒeɪmz/

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

KansasnounUS /ˈkænzəs/

a state in midwestern United States

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

lawsuitsnounUS /ˈlɔːsuːts/

plural of “lawsuit” — a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

Leatherstocking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

legendnounUS /ˈledʒənd/

a story about mythical or supernatural beings or events

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

LEISY

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

lowestadjectiveUS /ˈloʊəst/

lowest in rank or importance

From this reading The explanation is to be found, in part, in the fact that after Cooper’s death in 1851, the vogue of his type of romance having passed also, his popularity suffered a decline reaching its lowest ebb between 1870 and 1880.

MnounUS /em/

the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

mainlyadverbUS /ˈmeɪnli/

for the most part

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Further reflection may call to mind that he was enamored of the sea as well as of the wilderness, and that one of his stories had something to do with a spy.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading Further reflection may call to mind that he was enamored of the sea as well as of the wilderness, and that one of his stories had something to do with a spy.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading All this, of course, is true; but that Cooper did much more than this, has been discovered comparatively recently.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading All this, of course, is true; but that Cooper did much more than this, has been discovered comparatively recently.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading Additional notes will be found near the end of this ebook.

notesnounUS /noʊts/

plural of “note” — a brief written record

From this reading Additional notes will be found near the end of this ebook.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Additional notes will be found near the end of this ebook.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Further reflection may call to mind that he was enamored of the sea as well as of the wilderness, and that one of his stories had something to do with a spy.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The explanation is to be found, in part, in the fact that after Cooper’s death in 1851, the vogue of his type of romance having passed also, his popularity suffered a decline reaching its lowest ebb between 1870 and 1880.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading The explanation is to be found, in part, in the fact that after Cooper’s death in 1851, the vogue of his type of romance having passed also, his popularity suffered a decline reaching its lowest ebb between 1870 and 1880.

pettyadjectiveUS /ˈpetiː/

inferior in rank or status

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

popularadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːpjələr/

regarded with great favor, approval, or affection especially by the general public

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

popularitynounUS /ˌpɑːpjəˈlerəti/

the quality of being widely admired or accepted or sought after

From this reading The explanation is to be found, in part, in the fact that after Cooper’s death in 1851, the vogue of his type of romance having passed also, his popularity suffered a decline reaching its lowest ebb between 1870 and 1880.

reachingnounUS /ˈriːtʃɪŋ/

the act of physically reaching or thrusting out

From this reading The explanation is to be found, in part, in the fact that after Cooper’s death in 1851, the vogue of his type of romance having passed also, his popularity suffered a decline reaching its lowest ebb between 1870 and 1880.

readverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

recentlyadverbUS /ˈriːsəntli/

in the recent past

From this reading All this, of course, is true; but that Cooper did much more than this, has been discovered comparatively recently.

reflectionnounUS /rɪˈflekʃən/

a calm, lengthy, intent consideration

From this reading Further reflection may call to mind that he was enamored of the sea as well as of the wilderness, and that one of his stories had something to do with a spy.

romancenounUS /roʊˈmæns/

a relationship between two lovers

From this reading The explanation is to be found, in part, in the fact that after Cooper’s death in 1851, the vogue of his type of romance having passed also, his popularity suffered a decline reaching its lowest ebb between 1870 and 1880.

runsnounUS /rʌnz/

plural of “run” — a score in baseball made by a runner touching all four bases safely

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading Further reflection may call to mind that he was enamored of the sea as well as of the wilderness, and that one of his stories had something to do with a spy.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading Further reflection may call to mind that he was enamored of the sea as well as of the wilderness, and that one of his stories had something to do with a spy.

spentadjectiveUS /spent/

depleted of energy, force, or strength

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

spyverbUS /spaɪ/

catch sight of

From this reading Further reflection may call to mind that he was enamored of the sea as well as of the wilderness, and that one of his stories had something to do with a spy.

storiesnounUS /ˈstɔːriz/

plural of “story” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

sufferedverbUS /ˈsʌfərd/

past form of “suffer” — undergo or be subjected to

From this reading The explanation is to be found, in part, in the fact that after Cooper’s death in 1851, the vogue of his type of romance having passed also, his popularity suffered a decline reaching its lowest ebb between 1870 and 1880.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading All this, of course, is true; but that Cooper did much more than this, has been discovered comparatively recently.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Further reflection may call to mind that he was enamored of the sea as well as of the wilderness, and that one of his stories had something to do with a spy.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Additional notes will be found near the end of this ebook.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Additional notes will be found near the end of this ebook.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Further reflection may call to mind that he was enamored of the sea as well as of the wilderness, and that one of his stories had something to do with a spy.

trueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading All this, of course, is true; but that Cooper did much more than this, has been discovered comparatively recently.

typenounUS /taɪp/

a subdivision of a particular kind of thing

From this reading The explanation is to be found, in part, in the fact that after Cooper’s death in 1851, the vogue of his type of romance having passed also, his popularity suffered a decline reaching its lowest ebb between 1870 and 1880.

UniversitynounUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəti/

the body of faculty and students at a university

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

voguenounUS /voʊɡ/

the popular taste at a given time

From this reading The explanation is to be found, in part, in the fact that after Cooper’s death in 1851, the vogue of his type of romance having passed also, his popularity suffered a decline reaching its lowest ebb between 1870 and 1880.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Further reflection may call to mind that he was enamored of the sea as well as of the wilderness, and that one of his stories had something to do with a spy.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

wildernessnounUS /ˈwɪldərnəs/

(politics) a state of disfavor

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Additional notes will be found near the end of this ebook.

winningadjectiveUS /ˈwɪnɪŋ/

having won

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Further reflection may call to mind that he was enamored of the sea as well as of the wilderness, and that one of his stories had something to do with a spy.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

wroteverbUS /roʊt/

inflected form of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading ERNEST ERWIN LEISY A.B., University of Kansas, 1913 A.M., University of Chicago, 1919 James Fenimore Cooper--so the popular legend runs--was a man who wrote stories about idealized Indians and the wilderness, now read mainly by boys; who created Leatherstocking, the man without a cross; and who spent an irascible old age winning petty lawsuits.

Chapter 1 of The American historical novel (on American themes) before 1860 by Ernest Erwin Leisy holds 418 sentences, grouped into 84 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of The American historical novel (on American themes) before 1860 contain?

Chapter 1 holds 418 sentences of The American historical novel (on American themes) before 1860, unabridged, divided into 84 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of The American historical novel (on American themes) before 1860 by Ernest Erwin Leisy exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 418 sentences, grouped into 84 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of The American historical novel (on American themes) before 1860?

Work through the 84 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 84 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The American historical novel (on American themes) before 1860

Common questions about reading The American historical novel (on American themes) before 1860 by Ernest Erwin Leisy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The American historical novel (on American themes) before 1860?

Yes. All 418 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #73537 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The American historical novel (on American themes) before 1860 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #73537, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 34 minutes of reading across 84 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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