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The American Language
The American Language

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The American Language is here in full — 660 sentences across 132 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/132 · 5 lines
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In English usage, to proceed, the word /directly/ is always used to signify /immediately/; in American a contingency gets into it, and it may mean no more than /soon/.
In England /quite/ means "completely, wholly, entirely, altogether, to the utmost extent, nothing short of, in the fullest sense, positively, absolutely"; in America it is conditional, and means only nearly, approximately, substantially, as in "he sings /quite/ well."
An Englishman does not say "I will pay you /up/" for an injury, but "I will pay you /back/."
He doesn't look /up/ a definition in a dictionary; he looks it /out/.
He doesn't say, being ill, "I am /getting/ on well," but [Pg115] "I am /going/ on well."
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The American Language

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of The American Language is here in full — 660 sentences across 132 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/132 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In English usage, to proceed, the word /directly/ is always used to signify /immediately/; in American a contingency gets into it, and it may mean no more than /soon/.
/ɪn ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ˈjuːsədʒ tuː prəˈsiːd ðə wɜːrd dərˈektli ɪz ˈɔːlweɪz juːzd tuː ˈsɪɡnəfaɪ ˌɪˈmiːdiːətli ɪn əˈmerəkən ə kənˈtɪndʒənsi ɡets ˈɪntuː ɪt ənd ɪt meɪ miːn noʊ mɔːr ðæn suːn/
Line 2
In England /quite/ means "completely, wholly, entirely, altogether, to the utmost extent, nothing short of, in the fullest sense, positively, absolutely"; in America it is conditional, and means only nearly, approximately, substantially, as in "he sings /quite/ well."
/ɪn ˈɪŋɡlənd kwaɪt miːnz kəmˈpliːtli ˈhoʊli ɪnˈtaɪərli ˌɔːltəˈɡeðər tuː ðə ˈʌtmoʊst ɪkˈstent ˈnʌθɪŋ ʃɔːrt ʌv ɪn ðə ˈfʊləst sens ˈpɑːzətɪvli ˌæbsəˈluːtli ɪn əˈmerəkə ɪt ɪz kənˈdɪʃənəl ənd miːnz ˈoʊnli ˈnɪrli əˈprɑːksəmətli səbˈstænʃəli æz ɪn hiː sɪŋz kwaɪt wel/
Line 3
An Englishman does not say "I will pay you /up/" for an injury, but "I will pay you /back/."
/æn ˈɪŋɡlɪʃmən dʌz nɑːt seɪ aɪ wɪl peɪ juː ʌp fɔːr æn ˈɪndʒəri bʌt aɪ wɪl peɪ juː bæk/
Line 4
He doesn't look /up/ a definition in a dictionary; he looks it /out/.
Line 5
He doesn't say, being ill, "I am /getting/ on well," but [Pg115] "I am /going/ on well."

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

approximately adverb US /əˈprɑːksəmətli/

(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct

From this reading “In England /quite/ means "completely, wholly, entirely, altogether, to the utmost extent, nothing short of, in the fullest sense, positively, absolutely"; in America it is conditional, and means only nearly, approximately, substantially, as in "he sings /quite/ well."”

conditional adjective US /kənˈdɪʃənəl/

qualified by reservations

From this reading “In England /quite/ means "completely, wholly, entirely, altogether, to the utmost extent, nothing short of, in the fullest sense, positively, absolutely"; in America it is conditional, and means only nearly, approximately, substantially, as in "he sings /quite/ well."”

contingency noun US /kənˈtɪndʒənsi/

a possible event or occurrence or result

From this reading “In English usage, to proceed, the word /directly/ is always used to signify /immediately/; in American a contingency gets into it, and it may mean no more than /soon/.”

definition noun US /ˌdefəˈnɪʃən/

a concise explanation of the meaning of a word or phrase or symbol

From this reading “He doesn't look /up/ a definition in a dictionary; he looks it /out/.”

fullest adjective US /ˈfʊləst/

superlative of “full” — containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading “In England /quite/ means "completely, wholly, entirely, altogether, to the utmost extent, nothing short of, in the fullest sense, positively, absolutely"; in America it is conditional, and means only nearly, approximately, substantially, as in "he sings /quite/ well."”

signify verb US /ˈsɪɡnəfaɪ/

denote or connote

From this reading “In English usage, to proceed, the word /directly/ is always used to signify /immediately/; in American a contingency gets into it, and it may mean no more than /soon/.”

substantially adverb US /səbˈstænʃəli/

to a great extent or degree

From this reading “In England /quite/ means "completely, wholly, entirely, altogether, to the utmost extent, nothing short of, in the fullest sense, positively, absolutely"; in America it is conditional, and means only nearly, approximately, substantially, as in "he sings /quite/ well."”

usage noun US /ˈjuːsədʒ/

the act of using

From this reading “In English usage, to proceed, the word /directly/ is always used to signify /immediately/; in American a contingency gets into it, and it may mean no more than /soon/.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

utmost extent adjective + noun

In this reading “In England /quite/ means "completely, wholly, entirely, altogether, to the utmost extent, nothing short of, in the fullest sense, positively, absolutely"; in America it is conditional, and means only nearly, approximately, substantially, as in "he sings /quite/ well."”

gets into verb + particle counted as “get into”

get involved in or with

In this reading “In English usage, to proceed, the word /directly/ is always used to signify /immediately/; in American a contingency gets into it, and it may mean no more than /soon/.”

always used adverb + adjective

In this reading “In English usage, to proceed, the word /directly/ is always used to signify /immediately/; in American a contingency gets into it, and it may mean no more than /soon/.”

All words in this reading · 80

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

115

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He doesn't say, being ill, "I am /getting/ on well," but [Pg115] "I am /going/ on well."

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In English usage, to proceed, the word /directly/ is always used to signify /immediately/; in American a contingency gets into it, and it may mean no more than /soon/.

absolutelyadverbUS /ˌæbsəˈluːtli/

completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers

From this reading In England /quite/ means "completely, wholly, entirely, altogether, to the utmost extent, nothing short of, in the fullest sense, positively, absolutely"; in America it is conditional, and means only nearly, approximately, substantially, as in "he sings /quite/ well."

altogetheradverbUS /ˌɔːltəˈɡeðər/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading In England /quite/ means "completely, wholly, entirely, altogether, to the utmost extent, nothing short of, in the fullest sense, positively, absolutely"; in America it is conditional, and means only nearly, approximately, substantially, as in "he sings /quite/ well."

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading In English usage, to proceed, the word /directly/ is always used to signify /immediately/; in American a contingency gets into it, and it may mean no more than /soon/.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading He doesn't say, being ill, "I am /getting/ on well," but [Pg115] "I am /going/ on well."

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading In England /quite/ means "completely, wholly, entirely, altogether, to the utmost extent, nothing short of, in the fullest sense, positively, absolutely"; in America it is conditional, and means only nearly, approximately, substantially, as in "he sings /quite/ well."

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading In English usage, to proceed, the word /directly/ is always used to signify /immediately/; in American a contingency gets into it, and it may mean no more than /soon/.

AndeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading An Englishman does not say "I will pay you /up/" for an injury, but "I will pay you /back/."

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In English usage, to proceed, the word /directly/ is always used to signify /immediately/; in American a contingency gets into it, and it may mean no more than /soon/.

approximatelyadverbUS /əˈprɑːksəmətli/

(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct

From this reading In England /quite/ means "completely, wholly, entirely, altogether, to the utmost extent, nothing short of, in the fullest sense, positively, absolutely"; in America it is conditional, and means only nearly, approximately, substantially, as in "he sings /quite/ well."

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In England /quite/ means "completely, wholly, entirely, altogether, to the utmost extent, nothing short of, in the fullest sense, positively, absolutely"; in America it is conditional, and means only nearly, approximately, substantially, as in "he sings /quite/ well."

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading An Englishman does not say "I will pay you /up/" for an injury, but "I will pay you /back/."

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading He doesn't say, being ill, "I am /getting/ on well," but [Pg115] "I am /going/ on well."

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading An Englishman does not say "I will pay you /up/" for an injury, but "I will pay you /back/."

completelyadverbUS /kəmˈpliːtli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading In England /quite/ means "completely, wholly, entirely, altogether, to the utmost extent, nothing short of, in the fullest sense, positively, absolutely"; in America it is conditional, and means only nearly, approximately, substantially, as in "he sings /quite/ well."

conditionaladjectiveUS /kənˈdɪʃənəl/

qualified by reservations

From this reading In England /quite/ means "completely, wholly, entirely, altogether, to the utmost extent, nothing short of, in the fullest sense, positively, absolutely"; in America it is conditional, and means only nearly, approximately, substantially, as in "he sings /quite/ well."

contingencynounUS /kənˈtɪndʒənsi/

a possible event or occurrence or result

From this reading In English usage, to proceed, the word /directly/ is always used to signify /immediately/; in American a contingency gets into it, and it may mean no more than /soon/.

definitionnounUS /ˌdefəˈnɪʃən/

a concise explanation of the meaning of a word or phrase or symbol

From this reading He doesn't look /up/ a definition in a dictionary; he looks it /out/.

dictionarynounUS /ˈdɪkʃəneri/

a reference book containing an alphabetical list of words with information about them

From this reading He doesn't look /up/ a definition in a dictionary; he looks it /out/.

directlyadverbUS /dərˈektli/

without deviation

From this reading In English usage, to proceed, the word /directly/ is always used to signify /immediately/; in American a contingency gets into it, and it may mean no more than /soon/.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading An Englishman does not say "I will pay you /up/" for an injury, but "I will pay you /back/."

doesn't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He doesn't look /up/ a definition in a dictionary; he looks it /out/.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading In England /quite/ means "completely, wholly, entirely, altogether, to the utmost extent, nothing short of, in the fullest sense, positively, absolutely"; in America it is conditional, and means only nearly, approximately, substantially, as in "he sings /quite/ well."

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading In English usage, to proceed, the word /directly/ is always used to signify /immediately/; in American a contingency gets into it, and it may mean no more than /soon/.

EnglishmannounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃmən/

a man who is a native or inhabitant of England

From this reading An Englishman does not say "I will pay you /up/" for an injury, but "I will pay you /back/."

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading In England /quite/ means "completely, wholly, entirely, altogether, to the utmost extent, nothing short of, in the fullest sense, positively, absolutely"; in America it is conditional, and means only nearly, approximately, substantially, as in "he sings /quite/ well."

extentnounUS /ɪkˈstent/

the point or degree to which something extends

From this reading In England /quite/ means "completely, wholly, entirely, altogether, to the utmost extent, nothing short of, in the fullest sense, positively, absolutely"; in America it is conditional, and means only nearly, approximately, substantially, as in "he sings /quite/ well."

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading An Englishman does not say "I will pay you /up/" for an injury, but "I will pay you /back/."

fullestadjectiveUS /ˈfʊləst/

superlative of “full” — containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading In England /quite/ means "completely, wholly, entirely, altogether, to the utmost extent, nothing short of, in the fullest sense, positively, absolutely"; in America it is conditional, and means only nearly, approximately, substantially, as in "he sings /quite/ well."

getsnounUS /ɡets/

plural of “get” — a return on a shot that seemed impossible to reach and would normally have resulted in a point for the opponent

From this reading In English usage, to proceed, the word /directly/ is always used to signify /immediately/; in American a contingency gets into it, and it may mean no more than /soon/.

gettingnounUS /ˈɡetɪŋ/

the act of acquiring something

From this reading He doesn't say, being ill, "I am /getting/ on well," but [Pg115] "I am /going/ on well."

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading He doesn't say, being ill, "I am /getting/ on well," but [Pg115] "I am /going/ on well."

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In England /quite/ means "completely, wholly, entirely, altogether, to the utmost extent, nothing short of, in the fullest sense, positively, absolutely"; in America it is conditional, and means only nearly, approximately, substantially, as in "he sings /quite/ well."

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading An Englishman does not say "I will pay you /up/" for an injury, but "I will pay you /back/."

illadjectiveUS /ɪl/

affected by an impairment of normal physical or mental function

From this reading He doesn't say, being ill, "I am /getting/ on well," but [Pg115] "I am /going/ on well."

immediatelyadverbUS /ˌɪˈmiːdiːətli/

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

From this reading In English usage, to proceed, the word /directly/ is always used to signify /immediately/; in American a contingency gets into it, and it may mean no more than /soon/.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In English usage, to proceed, the word /directly/ is always used to signify /immediately/; in American a contingency gets into it, and it may mean no more than /soon/.

injurynounUS /ˈɪndʒəri/

any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc.

From this reading An Englishman does not say "I will pay you /up/" for an injury, but "I will pay you /back/."

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading In English usage, to proceed, the word /directly/ is always used to signify /immediately/; in American a contingency gets into it, and it may mean no more than /soon/.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In English usage, to proceed, the word /directly/ is always used to signify /immediately/; in American a contingency gets into it, and it may mean no more than /soon/.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading In English usage, to proceed, the word /directly/ is always used to signify /immediately/; in American a contingency gets into it, and it may mean no more than /soon/.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading He doesn't look /up/ a definition in a dictionary; he looks it /out/.

looksnounUS /lʊks/

plural of “look” — the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading He doesn't look /up/ a definition in a dictionary; he looks it /out/.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading In English usage, to proceed, the word /directly/ is always used to signify /immediately/; in American a contingency gets into it, and it may mean no more than /soon/.

meanverbUS /miːn/

mean or intend to express or convey

From this reading In English usage, to proceed, the word /directly/ is always used to signify /immediately/; in American a contingency gets into it, and it may mean no more than /soon/.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading In England /quite/ means "completely, wholly, entirely, altogether, to the utmost extent, nothing short of, in the fullest sense, positively, absolutely"; in America it is conditional, and means only nearly, approximately, substantially, as in "he sings /quite/ well."

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading In English usage, to proceed, the word /directly/ is always used to signify /immediately/; in American a contingency gets into it, and it may mean no more than /soon/.

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading In England /quite/ means "completely, wholly, entirely, altogether, to the utmost extent, nothing short of, in the fullest sense, positively, absolutely"; in America it is conditional, and means only nearly, approximately, substantially, as in "he sings /quite/ well."

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading In English usage, to proceed, the word /directly/ is always used to signify /immediately/; in American a contingency gets into it, and it may mean no more than /soon/.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading An Englishman does not say "I will pay you /up/" for an injury, but "I will pay you /back/."

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading In England /quite/ means "completely, wholly, entirely, altogether, to the utmost extent, nothing short of, in the fullest sense, positively, absolutely"; in America it is conditional, and means only nearly, approximately, substantially, as in "he sings /quite/ well."

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In England /quite/ means "completely, wholly, entirely, altogether, to the utmost extent, nothing short of, in the fullest sense, positively, absolutely"; in America it is conditional, and means only nearly, approximately, substantially, as in "he sings /quite/ well."

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He doesn't say, being ill, "I am /getting/ on well," but [Pg115] "I am /going/ on well."

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading In England /quite/ means "completely, wholly, entirely, altogether, to the utmost extent, nothing short of, in the fullest sense, positively, absolutely"; in America it is conditional, and means only nearly, approximately, substantially, as in "he sings /quite/ well."

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading He doesn't look /up/ a definition in a dictionary; he looks it /out/.

payverbUS /peɪ/

give money, usually in exchange for goods or services

From this reading An Englishman does not say "I will pay you /up/" for an injury, but "I will pay you /back/."

Pg

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He doesn't say, being ill, "I am /getting/ on well," but [Pg115] "I am /going/ on well."

positivelyadverbUS /ˈpɑːzətɪvli/

extremely

From this reading In England /quite/ means "completely, wholly, entirely, altogether, to the utmost extent, nothing short of, in the fullest sense, positively, absolutely"; in America it is conditional, and means only nearly, approximately, substantially, as in "he sings /quite/ well."

proceedverbUS /prəˈsiːd/

continue talking

From this reading In English usage, to proceed, the word /directly/ is always used to signify /immediately/; in American a contingency gets into it, and it may mean no more than /soon/.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading In England /quite/ means "completely, wholly, entirely, altogether, to the utmost extent, nothing short of, in the fullest sense, positively, absolutely"; in America it is conditional, and means only nearly, approximately, substantially, as in "he sings /quite/ well."

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading An Englishman does not say "I will pay you /up/" for an injury, but "I will pay you /back/."

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading In England /quite/ means "completely, wholly, entirely, altogether, to the utmost extent, nothing short of, in the fullest sense, positively, absolutely"; in America it is conditional, and means only nearly, approximately, substantially, as in "he sings /quite/ well."

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading In England /quite/ means "completely, wholly, entirely, altogether, to the utmost extent, nothing short of, in the fullest sense, positively, absolutely"; in America it is conditional, and means only nearly, approximately, substantially, as in "he sings /quite/ well."

signifyverbUS /ˈsɪɡnəfaɪ/

denote or connote

From this reading In English usage, to proceed, the word /directly/ is always used to signify /immediately/; in American a contingency gets into it, and it may mean no more than /soon/.

singsverbUS /sɪŋz/

third-person singular of “sing” — deliver by singing

From this reading In England /quite/ means "completely, wholly, entirely, altogether, to the utmost extent, nothing short of, in the fullest sense, positively, absolutely"; in America it is conditional, and means only nearly, approximately, substantially, as in "he sings /quite/ well."

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading In English usage, to proceed, the word /directly/ is always used to signify /immediately/; in American a contingency gets into it, and it may mean no more than /soon/.

substantiallyadverbUS /səbˈstænʃəli/

to a great extent or degree

From this reading In England /quite/ means "completely, wholly, entirely, altogether, to the utmost extent, nothing short of, in the fullest sense, positively, absolutely"; in America it is conditional, and means only nearly, approximately, substantially, as in "he sings /quite/ well."

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading In English usage, to proceed, the word /directly/ is always used to signify /immediately/; in American a contingency gets into it, and it may mean no more than /soon/.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In English usage, to proceed, the word /directly/ is always used to signify /immediately/; in American a contingency gets into it, and it may mean no more than /soon/.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In English usage, to proceed, the word /directly/ is always used to signify /immediately/; in American a contingency gets into it, and it may mean no more than /soon/.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading An Englishman does not say "I will pay you /up/" for an injury, but "I will pay you /back/."

usagenounUS /ˈjuːsədʒ/

the act of using

From this reading In English usage, to proceed, the word /directly/ is always used to signify /immediately/; in American a contingency gets into it, and it may mean no more than /soon/.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading In English usage, to proceed, the word /directly/ is always used to signify /immediately/; in American a contingency gets into it, and it may mean no more than /soon/.

utmostadjectiveUS /ˈʌtmoʊst/

of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity

From this reading In England /quite/ means "completely, wholly, entirely, altogether, to the utmost extent, nothing short of, in the fullest sense, positively, absolutely"; in America it is conditional, and means only nearly, approximately, substantially, as in "he sings /quite/ well."

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading In England /quite/ means "completely, wholly, entirely, altogether, to the utmost extent, nothing short of, in the fullest sense, positively, absolutely"; in America it is conditional, and means only nearly, approximately, substantially, as in "he sings /quite/ well."

whollyadverbUS /ˈhoʊli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading In England /quite/ means "completely, wholly, entirely, altogether, to the utmost extent, nothing short of, in the fullest sense, positively, absolutely"; in America it is conditional, and means only nearly, approximately, substantially, as in "he sings /quite/ well."

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading An Englishman does not say "I will pay you /up/" for an injury, but "I will pay you /back/."

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading In English usage, to proceed, the word /directly/ is always used to signify /immediately/; in American a contingency gets into it, and it may mean no more than /soon/.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading An Englishman does not say "I will pay you /up/" for an injury, but "I will pay you /back/."

Chapter 4 of The American Language by H. L. (Henry Louis) Mencken holds 660 sentences, grouped into 132 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of The American Language contain?

Chapter 4 holds 660 sentences of The American Language, unabridged, divided into 132 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of The American Language by H. L. (Henry Louis) Mencken exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 660 sentences, grouped into 132 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of The American Language?

Work through the 132 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 132 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The American Language

Common questions about reading The American Language by H. L. (Henry Louis) Mencken on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The American Language?

Yes. All 6951 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #43376 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The American Language is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #43376, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The American Language take to read?

About 579 minutes of reading across 1391 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The American Language section by section

How to work through The American Language section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 17 chapters of The American Language to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The American Language

Words and structures a reader meets early in The American Language, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Further
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The American Language; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Details
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The American Language; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Provided
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The American Language; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Transcriber
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The American Language; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.