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The American Language
The American Language

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of The American Language is here in full — 629 sentences across 126 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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§ 5 /Processes of Word Formation/--Some of these tendencies, it has been pointed out, go back to the period of the first growth of American, and were inherited from the English of the time.
They are the products of a movement which, reaching its height in the English of Elizabeth, was dammed up at home, so to speak, by the rise of linguistic self-consciousness toward the end of the reign of Anne, but continued almost unobstructed in the colonies.
For example, there is what philologists call the habit of back-formation--a sort of instinctive search, etymologically unsound, for short roots in long words.
This habit, in Restoration days, precipitated a quasi-English word, /mobile/, from the Latin [Pg160] /mobile vulgus/, and in the days of William and Mary it went a step further by precipitating /mob/ from /mobile/.
/Mob/ is now sound English, but in the eighteenth century it was violently attacked by the new sect of purists,[58] and though it survived their onslaught they undoubtedly greatly impeded the formation and adoption of other words of the same category.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The American Language

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of The American Language is here in full — 629 sentences across 126 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/125 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
§ 5 /Processes of Word Formation/--Some of these tendencies, it has been pointed out, go back to the period of the first growth of American, and were inherited from the English of the time.
Line 2
They are the products of a movement which, reaching its height in the English of Elizabeth, was dammed up at home, so to speak, by the rise of linguistic self-consciousness toward the end of the reign of Anne, but continued almost unobstructed in the colonies.
/ðeɪ ɑːr ðə ˈprɑːdəkts ʌv ə ˈmuːvmənt wɪtʃ ˈriːtʃɪŋ ɪts haɪt ɪn ðə ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ʌv ɪˈlɪzəbəθ wɑːz dæmd ʌp æt hoʊm soʊ tuː spiːk baɪ ðə raɪz ʌv lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk ˌselfˈkɑːnʃəsnəs təˈwɔːrd ðə end ʌv ðə reɪn ʌv æn bʌt kənˈtɪnjuːd ˈɔːlmoʊst ˌʌnəbˈstrʌktɪd ɪn ðə ˈkɑːləniz/
Line 3
For example, there is what philologists call the habit of back-formation--a sort of instinctive search, etymologically unsound, for short roots in long words.
Line 4
This habit, in Restoration days, precipitated a quasi-English word, /mobile/, from the Latin [Pg160] /mobile vulgus/, and in the days of William and Mary it went a step further by precipitating /mob/ from /mobile/.
Line 5
/Mob/ is now sound English, but in the eighteenth century it was violently attacked by the new sect of purists,[58] and though it survived their onslaught they undoubtedly greatly impeded the formation and adoption of other words of the same category.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

category noun US /ˈkætəɡɔːri/

a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading “/Mob/ is now sound English, but in the eighteenth century it was violently attacked by the new sect of purists,[58] and though it survived their onslaught they undoubtedly greatly impeded the formation and adoption of other words of the same category.”

dammed verb US /dæmd/

inflected form of “dam” — obstruct with, or as if with, a dam

From this reading “They are the products of a movement which, reaching its height in the English of Elizabeth, was dammed up at home, so to speak, by the rise of linguistic self-consciousness toward the end of the reign of Anne, but continued almost unobstructed in the colonies.”

impeded adjective US /ˌɪmˈpiːdɪd/

made difficult or slow

From this reading “/Mob/ is now sound English, but in the eighteenth century it was violently attacked by the new sect of purists,[58] and though it survived their onslaught they undoubtedly greatly impeded the formation and adoption of other words of the same category.”

linguistic adjective US /lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk/

consisting of or related to language

From this reading “They are the products of a movement which, reaching its height in the English of Elizabeth, was dammed up at home, so to speak, by the rise of linguistic self-consciousness toward the end of the reign of Anne, but continued almost unobstructed in the colonies.”

precipitating adjective US /prɪˈsɪpəteɪtɪŋ/

bringing on suddenly or abruptly

From this reading “This habit, in Restoration days, precipitated a quasi-English word, /mobile/, from the Latin [Pg160] /mobile vulgus/, and in the days of William and Mary it went a step further by precipitating /mob/ from /mobile/.”

purists noun US /ˈpjʊrɪsts/

plural of “purist” — someone who insists on great precision and correctness (especially in the use of words)

From this reading “/Mob/ is now sound English, but in the eighteenth century it was violently attacked by the new sect of purists,[58] and though it survived their onslaught they undoubtedly greatly impeded the formation and adoption of other words of the same category.”

unobstructed adjective US /ˌʌnəbˈstrʌktɪd/

free from impediment or obstruction or hindrance

From this reading “They are the products of a movement which, reaching its height in the English of Elizabeth, was dammed up at home, so to speak, by the rise of linguistic self-consciousness toward the end of the reign of Anne, but continued almost unobstructed in the colonies.”

unsound adjective US /ənˈsaʊnd/

not in good condition; damaged or decayed

From this reading “For example, there is what philologists call the habit of back-formation--a sort of instinctive search, etymologically unsound, for short roots in long words.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

eighteenth century adjective + noun

In this reading “/Mob/ is now sound English, but in the eighteenth century it was violently attacked by the new sect of purists,[58] and though it survived their onslaught they undoubtedly greatly impeded the formation and adoption of other words of the same category.”

same category adjective + noun

In this reading “/Mob/ is now sound English, but in the eighteenth century it was violently attacked by the new sect of purists,[58] and though it survived their onslaught they undoubtedly greatly impeded the formation and adoption of other words of the same category.”

new sect adjective + noun

In this reading “/Mob/ is now sound English, but in the eighteenth century it was violently attacked by the new sect of purists,[58] and though it survived their onslaught they undoubtedly greatly impeded the formation and adoption of other words of the same category.”

go back verb + particle

belong to an earlier time

In this reading “§ 5 /Processes of Word Formation/--Some of these tendencies, it has been pointed out, go back to the period of the first growth of American, and were inherited from the English of the time.”

at home preposition + noun

a reception held in your own home

In this reading “They are the products of a movement which, reaching its height in the English of Elizabeth, was dammed up at home, so to speak, by the rise of linguistic self-consciousness toward the end of the reign of Anne, but continued almost unobstructed in the colonies.”

For example preposition + noun

as an example

In this reading “For example, there is what philologists call the habit of back-formation--a sort of instinctive search, etymologically unsound, for short roots in long words.”

toward the end preposition + article + noun counted as “toward … end”

In this reading “They are the products of a movement which, reaching its height in the English of Elizabeth, was dammed up at home, so to speak, by the rise of linguistic self-consciousness toward the end of the reign of Anne, but continued almost unobstructed in the colonies.”

other words adjective + noun

In this reading “/Mob/ is now sound English, but in the eighteenth century it was violently attacked by the new sect of purists,[58] and though it survived their onslaught they undoubtedly greatly impeded the formation and adoption of other words of the same category.”

All words in this reading · 114

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

160

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This habit, in Restoration days, precipitated a quasi-English word, /mobile/, from the Latin [Pg160] /mobile vulgus/, and in the days of William and Mary it went a step further by precipitating /mob/ from /mobile/.

5

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading § 5 /Processes of Word Formation/--Some of these tendencies, it has been pointed out, go back to the period of the first growth of American, and were inherited from the English of the time.

58

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading /Mob/ is now sound English, but in the eighteenth century it was violently attacked by the new sect of purists,[58] and though it survived their onslaught they undoubtedly greatly impeded the formation and adoption of other words of the same category.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading They are the products of a movement which, reaching its height in the English of Elizabeth, was dammed up at home, so to speak, by the rise of linguistic self-consciousness toward the end of the reign of Anne, but continued almost unobstructed in the colonies.

adoptionnounUS /əˈdɑːpʃən/

the act of accepting with approval; favorable reception

From this reading /Mob/ is now sound English, but in the eighteenth century it was violently attacked by the new sect of purists,[58] and though it survived their onslaught they undoubtedly greatly impeded the formation and adoption of other words of the same category.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading They are the products of a movement which, reaching its height in the English of Elizabeth, was dammed up at home, so to speak, by the rise of linguistic self-consciousness toward the end of the reign of Anne, but continued almost unobstructed in the colonies.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading § 5 /Processes of Word Formation/--Some of these tendencies, it has been pointed out, go back to the period of the first growth of American, and were inherited from the English of the time.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading § 5 /Processes of Word Formation/--Some of these tendencies, it has been pointed out, go back to the period of the first growth of American, and were inherited from the English of the time.

AnnenounUS /æn/

Queen of England and Scotland and Ireland; daughter if James II and the last of the Stuart monarchs; in 1707 she was the last English ruler to exercise the royal veto over parliament (1665-1714)

From this reading They are the products of a movement which, reaching its height in the English of Elizabeth, was dammed up at home, so to speak, by the rise of linguistic self-consciousness toward the end of the reign of Anne, but continued almost unobstructed in the colonies.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They are the products of a movement which, reaching its height in the English of Elizabeth, was dammed up at home, so to speak, by the rise of linguistic self-consciousness toward the end of the reign of Anne, but continued almost unobstructed in the colonies.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading They are the products of a movement which, reaching its height in the English of Elizabeth, was dammed up at home, so to speak, by the rise of linguistic self-consciousness toward the end of the reign of Anne, but continued almost unobstructed in the colonies.

attackedverbUS /əˈtækt/

past form of “attack” — launch an attack or assault on; begin hostilities or start warfare with

From this reading /Mob/ is now sound English, but in the eighteenth century it was violently attacked by the new sect of purists,[58] and though it survived their onslaught they undoubtedly greatly impeded the formation and adoption of other words of the same category.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading § 5 /Processes of Word Formation/--Some of these tendencies, it has been pointed out, go back to the period of the first growth of American, and were inherited from the English of the time.

back-formationnoun

a word invented (usually unwittingly by subtracting an affix) on the assumption that a familiar word derives from it

From this reading For example, there is what philologists call the habit of back-formation--a sort of instinctive search, etymologically unsound, for short roots in long words.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading § 5 /Processes of Word Formation/--Some of these tendencies, it has been pointed out, go back to the period of the first growth of American, and were inherited from the English of the time.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading They are the products of a movement which, reaching its height in the English of Elizabeth, was dammed up at home, so to speak, by the rise of linguistic self-consciousness toward the end of the reign of Anne, but continued almost unobstructed in the colonies.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading They are the products of a movement which, reaching its height in the English of Elizabeth, was dammed up at home, so to speak, by the rise of linguistic self-consciousness toward the end of the reign of Anne, but continued almost unobstructed in the colonies.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading For example, there is what philologists call the habit of back-formation--a sort of instinctive search, etymologically unsound, for short roots in long words.

categorynounUS /ˈkætəɡɔːri/

a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading /Mob/ is now sound English, but in the eighteenth century it was violently attacked by the new sect of purists,[58] and though it survived their onslaught they undoubtedly greatly impeded the formation and adoption of other words of the same category.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading /Mob/ is now sound English, but in the eighteenth century it was violently attacked by the new sect of purists,[58] and though it survived their onslaught they undoubtedly greatly impeded the formation and adoption of other words of the same category.

coloniesnounUS /ˈkɑːləniz/

plural of “colony” — a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading They are the products of a movement which, reaching its height in the English of Elizabeth, was dammed up at home, so to speak, by the rise of linguistic self-consciousness toward the end of the reign of Anne, but continued almost unobstructed in the colonies.

continuedadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːd/

without stop or interruption

From this reading They are the products of a movement which, reaching its height in the English of Elizabeth, was dammed up at home, so to speak, by the rise of linguistic self-consciousness toward the end of the reign of Anne, but continued almost unobstructed in the colonies.

dammedverbUS /dæmd/

inflected form of “dam” — obstruct with, or as if with, a dam

From this reading They are the products of a movement which, reaching its height in the English of Elizabeth, was dammed up at home, so to speak, by the rise of linguistic self-consciousness toward the end of the reign of Anne, but continued almost unobstructed in the colonies.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading This habit, in Restoration days, precipitated a quasi-English word, /mobile/, from the Latin [Pg160] /mobile vulgus/, and in the days of William and Mary it went a step further by precipitating /mob/ from /mobile/.

eighteenthadjectiveUS /eɪˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the seventeenth in position

From this reading /Mob/ is now sound English, but in the eighteenth century it was violently attacked by the new sect of purists,[58] and though it survived their onslaught they undoubtedly greatly impeded the formation and adoption of other words of the same category.

ElizabethnounUS /ɪˈlɪzəbəθ/

daughter of George VI who became the Queen of England and Northern Ireland in 1952 on the death of her father (1926-)

From this reading They are the products of a movement which, reaching its height in the English of Elizabeth, was dammed up at home, so to speak, by the rise of linguistic self-consciousness toward the end of the reign of Anne, but continued almost unobstructed in the colonies.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading They are the products of a movement which, reaching its height in the English of Elizabeth, was dammed up at home, so to speak, by the rise of linguistic self-consciousness toward the end of the reign of Anne, but continued almost unobstructed in the colonies.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading § 5 /Processes of Word Formation/--Some of these tendencies, it has been pointed out, go back to the period of the first growth of American, and were inherited from the English of the time.

etymologically

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For example, there is what philologists call the habit of back-formation--a sort of instinctive search, etymologically unsound, for short roots in long words.

examplenounUS /ɪɡˈzæmpəl/

an item of information that is typical of a class or group

From this reading For example, there is what philologists call the habit of back-formation--a sort of instinctive search, etymologically unsound, for short roots in long words.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading § 5 /Processes of Word Formation/--Some of these tendencies, it has been pointed out, go back to the period of the first growth of American, and were inherited from the English of the time.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For example, there is what philologists call the habit of back-formation--a sort of instinctive search, etymologically unsound, for short roots in long words.

FormationnounUS /fɔːrˈmeɪʃən/

an arrangement of people or things acting as a unit

From this reading § 5 /Processes of Word Formation/--Some of these tendencies, it has been pointed out, go back to the period of the first growth of American, and were inherited from the English of the time.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading § 5 /Processes of Word Formation/--Some of these tendencies, it has been pointed out, go back to the period of the first growth of American, and were inherited from the English of the time.

furtheradverbUS /ˈfɜːrðər/

to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (“further” is used more often than “farther” in this abstract sense)

From this reading This habit, in Restoration days, precipitated a quasi-English word, /mobile/, from the Latin [Pg160] /mobile vulgus/, and in the days of William and Mary it went a step further by precipitating /mob/ from /mobile/.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading § 5 /Processes of Word Formation/--Some of these tendencies, it has been pointed out, go back to the period of the first growth of American, and were inherited from the English of the time.

greatlyadverbUS /ˈɡreɪtli/

to an extraordinary extent or degree

From this reading /Mob/ is now sound English, but in the eighteenth century it was violently attacked by the new sect of purists,[58] and though it survived their onslaught they undoubtedly greatly impeded the formation and adoption of other words of the same category.

growthnounUS /ɡroʊθ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading § 5 /Processes of Word Formation/--Some of these tendencies, it has been pointed out, go back to the period of the first growth of American, and were inherited from the English of the time.

habitnounUS /ˈhæbət/

an established custom

From this reading For example, there is what philologists call the habit of back-formation--a sort of instinctive search, etymologically unsound, for short roots in long words.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading § 5 /Processes of Word Formation/--Some of these tendencies, it has been pointed out, go back to the period of the first growth of American, and were inherited from the English of the time.

heightnounUS /haɪt/

the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top

From this reading They are the products of a movement which, reaching its height in the English of Elizabeth, was dammed up at home, so to speak, by the rise of linguistic self-consciousness toward the end of the reign of Anne, but continued almost unobstructed in the colonies.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading They are the products of a movement which, reaching its height in the English of Elizabeth, was dammed up at home, so to speak, by the rise of linguistic self-consciousness toward the end of the reign of Anne, but continued almost unobstructed in the colonies.

impededadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpiːdɪd/

made difficult or slow

From this reading /Mob/ is now sound English, but in the eighteenth century it was violently attacked by the new sect of purists,[58] and though it survived their onslaught they undoubtedly greatly impeded the formation and adoption of other words of the same category.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading They are the products of a movement which, reaching its height in the English of Elizabeth, was dammed up at home, so to speak, by the rise of linguistic self-consciousness toward the end of the reign of Anne, but continued almost unobstructed in the colonies.

inheritedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈherətɪd/

occurring among members of a family usually by heredity

From this reading § 5 /Processes of Word Formation/--Some of these tendencies, it has been pointed out, go back to the period of the first growth of American, and were inherited from the English of the time.

instinctiveadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈstɪŋktɪv/

unthinking; prompted by (or as if by) instinct

From this reading For example, there is what philologists call the habit of back-formation--a sort of instinctive search, etymologically unsound, for short roots in long words.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading For example, there is what philologists call the habit of back-formation--a sort of instinctive search, etymologically unsound, for short roots in long words.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading § 5 /Processes of Word Formation/--Some of these tendencies, it has been pointed out, go back to the period of the first growth of American, and were inherited from the English of the time.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading They are the products of a movement which, reaching its height in the English of Elizabeth, was dammed up at home, so to speak, by the rise of linguistic self-consciousness toward the end of the reign of Anne, but continued almost unobstructed in the colonies.

LatinadjectiveUS /ˈlætən/

of or relating to the ancient Latins or the Latin language

From this reading This habit, in Restoration days, precipitated a quasi-English word, /mobile/, from the Latin [Pg160] /mobile vulgus/, and in the days of William and Mary it went a step further by precipitating /mob/ from /mobile/.

linguisticadjectiveUS /lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk/

consisting of or related to language

From this reading They are the products of a movement which, reaching its height in the English of Elizabeth, was dammed up at home, so to speak, by the rise of linguistic self-consciousness toward the end of the reign of Anne, but continued almost unobstructed in the colonies.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading For example, there is what philologists call the habit of back-formation--a sort of instinctive search, etymologically unsound, for short roots in long words.

MarynounUS /ˈmeri/

the mother of Jesus; Christians refer to her as the Virgin Mary; she is especially honored by Roman Catholics

From this reading This habit, in Restoration days, precipitated a quasi-English word, /mobile/, from the Latin [Pg160] /mobile vulgus/, and in the days of William and Mary it went a step further by precipitating /mob/ from /mobile/.

mobnounUS /mɑːb/

a disorderly crowd of people

From this reading This habit, in Restoration days, precipitated a quasi-English word, /mobile/, from the Latin [Pg160] /mobile vulgus/, and in the days of William and Mary it went a step further by precipitating /mob/ from /mobile/.

mobileadjectiveUS /ˈmoʊbəl/

migratory

From this reading This habit, in Restoration days, precipitated a quasi-English word, /mobile/, from the Latin [Pg160] /mobile vulgus/, and in the days of William and Mary it went a step further by precipitating /mob/ from /mobile/.

movementnounUS /ˈmuːvmənt/

a change of position that does not entail a change of location

From this reading They are the products of a movement which, reaching its height in the English of Elizabeth, was dammed up at home, so to speak, by the rise of linguistic self-consciousness toward the end of the reign of Anne, but continued almost unobstructed in the colonies.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading /Mob/ is now sound English, but in the eighteenth century it was violently attacked by the new sect of purists,[58] and though it survived their onslaught they undoubtedly greatly impeded the formation and adoption of other words of the same category.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading /Mob/ is now sound English, but in the eighteenth century it was violently attacked by the new sect of purists,[58] and though it survived their onslaught they undoubtedly greatly impeded the formation and adoption of other words of the same category.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading § 5 /Processes of Word Formation/--Some of these tendencies, it has been pointed out, go back to the period of the first growth of American, and were inherited from the English of the time.

onslaughtnounUS /ˈɔːnslɔːt/

a sudden and severe onset of trouble

From this reading /Mob/ is now sound English, but in the eighteenth century it was violently attacked by the new sect of purists,[58] and though it survived their onslaught they undoubtedly greatly impeded the formation and adoption of other words of the same category.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading /Mob/ is now sound English, but in the eighteenth century it was violently attacked by the new sect of purists,[58] and though it survived their onslaught they undoubtedly greatly impeded the formation and adoption of other words of the same category.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading § 5 /Processes of Word Formation/--Some of these tendencies, it has been pointed out, go back to the period of the first growth of American, and were inherited from the English of the time.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading § 5 /Processes of Word Formation/--Some of these tendencies, it has been pointed out, go back to the period of the first growth of American, and were inherited from the English of the time.

Pg

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This habit, in Restoration days, precipitated a quasi-English word, /mobile/, from the Latin [Pg160] /mobile vulgus/, and in the days of William and Mary it went a step further by precipitating /mob/ from /mobile/.

philologists

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For example, there is what philologists call the habit of back-formation--a sort of instinctive search, etymologically unsound, for short roots in long words.

pointedadjectiveUS /ˈpɔɪntɪd/

having a point

From this reading § 5 /Processes of Word Formation/--Some of these tendencies, it has been pointed out, go back to the period of the first growth of American, and were inherited from the English of the time.

precipitatedverbUS /prɪˈsɪpɪteɪtɪd/

past form of “precipitate” — bring about abruptly

From this reading This habit, in Restoration days, precipitated a quasi-English word, /mobile/, from the Latin [Pg160] /mobile vulgus/, and in the days of William and Mary it went a step further by precipitating /mob/ from /mobile/.

precipitatingadjectiveUS /prɪˈsɪpəteɪtɪŋ/

bringing on suddenly or abruptly

From this reading This habit, in Restoration days, precipitated a quasi-English word, /mobile/, from the Latin [Pg160] /mobile vulgus/, and in the days of William and Mary it went a step further by precipitating /mob/ from /mobile/.

ProcessesnounUS /ˈprɑːsesəz/

plural of “process” — a particular course of action intended to achieve a result

From this reading § 5 /Processes of Word Formation/--Some of these tendencies, it has been pointed out, go back to the period of the first growth of American, and were inherited from the English of the time.

productsnounUS /ˈprɑːdəkts/

plural of “product” — commodities offered for sale

From this reading They are the products of a movement which, reaching its height in the English of Elizabeth, was dammed up at home, so to speak, by the rise of linguistic self-consciousness toward the end of the reign of Anne, but continued almost unobstructed in the colonies.

puristsnounUS /ˈpjʊrɪsts/

plural of “purist” — someone who insists on great precision and correctness (especially in the use of words)

From this reading /Mob/ is now sound English, but in the eighteenth century it was violently attacked by the new sect of purists,[58] and though it survived their onslaught they undoubtedly greatly impeded the formation and adoption of other words of the same category.

quasi-English

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This habit, in Restoration days, precipitated a quasi-English word, /mobile/, from the Latin [Pg160] /mobile vulgus/, and in the days of William and Mary it went a step further by precipitating /mob/ from /mobile/.

reachingnounUS /ˈriːtʃɪŋ/

the act of physically reaching or thrusting out

From this reading They are the products of a movement which, reaching its height in the English of Elizabeth, was dammed up at home, so to speak, by the rise of linguistic self-consciousness toward the end of the reign of Anne, but continued almost unobstructed in the colonies.

reignverbUS /reɪn/

have sovereign power

From this reading They are the products of a movement which, reaching its height in the English of Elizabeth, was dammed up at home, so to speak, by the rise of linguistic self-consciousness toward the end of the reign of Anne, but continued almost unobstructed in the colonies.

RestorationnounUS /ˌrestərˈeɪʃən/

the reign of Charles II in England; 1660-1685

From this reading This habit, in Restoration days, precipitated a quasi-English word, /mobile/, from the Latin [Pg160] /mobile vulgus/, and in the days of William and Mary it went a step further by precipitating /mob/ from /mobile/.

riseverbUS /raɪz/

move upward

From this reading They are the products of a movement which, reaching its height in the English of Elizabeth, was dammed up at home, so to speak, by the rise of linguistic self-consciousness toward the end of the reign of Anne, but continued almost unobstructed in the colonies.

rootsnounUS /ruːts/

the condition of belonging to a particular place or group by virtue of social or ethnic or cultural lineage

From this reading For example, there is what philologists call the habit of back-formation--a sort of instinctive search, etymologically unsound, for short roots in long words.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading /Mob/ is now sound English, but in the eighteenth century it was violently attacked by the new sect of purists,[58] and though it survived their onslaught they undoubtedly greatly impeded the formation and adoption of other words of the same category.

searchverbUS /sɜːrtʃ/

try to locate or discover, or try to establish the existence of

From this reading For example, there is what philologists call the habit of back-formation--a sort of instinctive search, etymologically unsound, for short roots in long words.

sectnounUS /sekt/

a subdivision of a larger religious group

From this reading /Mob/ is now sound English, but in the eighteenth century it was violently attacked by the new sect of purists,[58] and though it survived their onslaught they undoubtedly greatly impeded the formation and adoption of other words of the same category.

self-consciousnessnounUS /ˌselfˈkɑːnʃəsnəs/

embarrassment deriving from the feeling that others are critically aware of you

From this reading They are the products of a movement which, reaching its height in the English of Elizabeth, was dammed up at home, so to speak, by the rise of linguistic self-consciousness toward the end of the reign of Anne, but continued almost unobstructed in the colonies.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading For example, there is what philologists call the habit of back-formation--a sort of instinctive search, etymologically unsound, for short roots in long words.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading They are the products of a movement which, reaching its height in the English of Elizabeth, was dammed up at home, so to speak, by the rise of linguistic self-consciousness toward the end of the reign of Anne, but continued almost unobstructed in the colonies.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading § 5 /Processes of Word Formation/--Some of these tendencies, it has been pointed out, go back to the period of the first growth of American, and were inherited from the English of the time.

sortnounUS /sɔːrt/

a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading For example, there is what philologists call the habit of back-formation--a sort of instinctive search, etymologically unsound, for short roots in long words.

soundnounUS /saʊnd/

the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading /Mob/ is now sound English, but in the eighteenth century it was violently attacked by the new sect of purists,[58] and though it survived their onslaught they undoubtedly greatly impeded the formation and adoption of other words of the same category.

speakverbUS /spiːk/

express in speech

From this reading They are the products of a movement which, reaching its height in the English of Elizabeth, was dammed up at home, so to speak, by the rise of linguistic self-consciousness toward the end of the reign of Anne, but continued almost unobstructed in the colonies.

stepnounUS /step/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading This habit, in Restoration days, precipitated a quasi-English word, /mobile/, from the Latin [Pg160] /mobile vulgus/, and in the days of William and Mary it went a step further by precipitating /mob/ from /mobile/.

survivedverbUS /sərˈvaɪvd/

past form of “survive” — continue to live and avoid dying

From this reading /Mob/ is now sound English, but in the eighteenth century it was violently attacked by the new sect of purists,[58] and though it survived their onslaught they undoubtedly greatly impeded the formation and adoption of other words of the same category.

tendenciesnounUS /ˈtendənsiz/

plural of “tendency” — an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others

From this reading § 5 /Processes of Word Formation/--Some of these tendencies, it has been pointed out, go back to the period of the first growth of American, and were inherited from the English of the time.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading § 5 /Processes of Word Formation/--Some of these tendencies, it has been pointed out, go back to the period of the first growth of American, and were inherited from the English of the time.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading /Mob/ is now sound English, but in the eighteenth century it was violently attacked by the new sect of purists,[58] and though it survived their onslaught they undoubtedly greatly impeded the formation and adoption of other words of the same category.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading For example, there is what philologists call the habit of back-formation--a sort of instinctive search, etymologically unsound, for short roots in long words.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading § 5 /Processes of Word Formation/--Some of these tendencies, it has been pointed out, go back to the period of the first growth of American, and were inherited from the English of the time.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They are the products of a movement which, reaching its height in the English of Elizabeth, was dammed up at home, so to speak, by the rise of linguistic self-consciousness toward the end of the reign of Anne, but continued almost unobstructed in the colonies.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This habit, in Restoration days, precipitated a quasi-English word, /mobile/, from the Latin [Pg160] /mobile vulgus/, and in the days of William and Mary it went a step further by precipitating /mob/ from /mobile/.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading /Mob/ is now sound English, but in the eighteenth century it was violently attacked by the new sect of purists,[58] and though it survived their onslaught they undoubtedly greatly impeded the formation and adoption of other words of the same category.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading § 5 /Processes of Word Formation/--Some of these tendencies, it has been pointed out, go back to the period of the first growth of American, and were inherited from the English of the time.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading § 5 /Processes of Word Formation/--Some of these tendencies, it has been pointed out, go back to the period of the first growth of American, and were inherited from the English of the time.

towardprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrd/

in the direction of

From this reading They are the products of a movement which, reaching its height in the English of Elizabeth, was dammed up at home, so to speak, by the rise of linguistic self-consciousness toward the end of the reign of Anne, but continued almost unobstructed in the colonies.

undoubtedlyadverbUS /ənˈdaʊtɪdli/

without doubt; certainly

From this reading /Mob/ is now sound English, but in the eighteenth century it was violently attacked by the new sect of purists,[58] and though it survived their onslaught they undoubtedly greatly impeded the formation and adoption of other words of the same category.

unobstructedadjectiveUS /ˌʌnəbˈstrʌktɪd/

free from impediment or obstruction or hindrance

From this reading They are the products of a movement which, reaching its height in the English of Elizabeth, was dammed up at home, so to speak, by the rise of linguistic self-consciousness toward the end of the reign of Anne, but continued almost unobstructed in the colonies.

unsoundadjectiveUS /ənˈsaʊnd/

not in good condition; damaged or decayed

From this reading For example, there is what philologists call the habit of back-formation--a sort of instinctive search, etymologically unsound, for short roots in long words.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading They are the products of a movement which, reaching its height in the English of Elizabeth, was dammed up at home, so to speak, by the rise of linguistic self-consciousness toward the end of the reign of Anne, but continued almost unobstructed in the colonies.

violentlyadverbUS /ˈvaɪələntli/

in a violent manner

From this reading /Mob/ is now sound English, but in the eighteenth century it was violently attacked by the new sect of purists,[58] and though it survived their onslaught they undoubtedly greatly impeded the formation and adoption of other words of the same category.

vulgus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This habit, in Restoration days, precipitated a quasi-English word, /mobile/, from the Latin [Pg160] /mobile vulgus/, and in the days of William and Mary it went a step further by precipitating /mob/ from /mobile/.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading They are the products of a movement which, reaching its height in the English of Elizabeth, was dammed up at home, so to speak, by the rise of linguistic self-consciousness toward the end of the reign of Anne, but continued almost unobstructed in the colonies.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading This habit, in Restoration days, precipitated a quasi-English word, /mobile/, from the Latin [Pg160] /mobile vulgus/, and in the days of William and Mary it went a step further by precipitating /mob/ from /mobile/.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading § 5 /Processes of Word Formation/--Some of these tendencies, it has been pointed out, go back to the period of the first growth of American, and were inherited from the English of the time.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading For example, there is what philologists call the habit of back-formation--a sort of instinctive search, etymologically unsound, for short roots in long words.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading They are the products of a movement which, reaching its height in the English of Elizabeth, was dammed up at home, so to speak, by the rise of linguistic self-consciousness toward the end of the reign of Anne, but continued almost unobstructed in the colonies.

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This habit, in Restoration days, precipitated a quasi-English word, /mobile/, from the Latin [Pg160] /mobile vulgus/, and in the days of William and Mary it went a step further by precipitating /mob/ from /mobile/.

WordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading § 5 /Processes of Word Formation/--Some of these tendencies, it has been pointed out, go back to the period of the first growth of American, and were inherited from the English of the time.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading For example, there is what philologists call the habit of back-formation--a sort of instinctive search, etymologically unsound, for short roots in long words.

Chapter 5 of The American Language by H. L. (Henry Louis) Mencken holds 629 sentences, grouped into 126 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of The American Language contain?

Chapter 5 holds 629 sentences of The American Language, unabridged, divided into 126 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of The American Language by H. L. (Henry Louis) Mencken exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 629 sentences, grouped into 126 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of The American Language?

Work through the 126 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 126 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 5 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The American Language

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Is this the complete text of The American Language?

Yes. All 6951 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #43376 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The American Language is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #43376, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The American Language take to read?

About 579 minutes of reading across 1391 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The American Language

Words and structures a reader meets early in The American Language, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Further
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The American Language; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Details
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The American Language; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Provided
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The American Language; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Transcriber
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The American Language; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.