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The American Language
The American Language

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of The American Language is here in full — 644 sentences across 129 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/128 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Here we are upon a wearing down process that shows many other symptoms.
One finds, not only vowels disorganized, but also consonants.
Some are displaced by other consonants, measurably more facile; others are dropped altogether.
/D/ becomes /t/, as in /holt/, or is dropped, as in /tole/, /han'kerchief/, /bran-new/ and /fine/ (for /find/).
In /ast/ (for /ask/) /t/ replaces /k/: when the same word is used in place of /asked/, as often happens, /e. g./, in "I /ast/ him his name," it shoulders out /ked/.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The American Language

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of The American Language is here in full — 644 sentences across 129 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/128 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Here we are upon a wearing down process that shows many other symptoms.
/hiːr wiː ɑːr əˈpɑːn ə ˈwerɪŋ daʊn ˈprɑːses ðæt ʃoʊz ˈmeni ˈʌðər ˈsɪmptəmz/
Line 2
One finds, not only vowels disorganized, but also consonants.
/wʌn faɪndz nɑːt ˈoʊnli ˈvaʊəlz dɪˈsɔːrɡənaɪzd bʌt ˈɔːlsoʊ ˈkɑːnsənənts/
Line 3
Some are displaced by other consonants, measurably more facile; others are dropped altogether.
Line 4
/D/ becomes /t/, as in /holt/, or is dropped, as in /tole/, /han'kerchief/, /bran-new/ and /fine/ (for /find/).
Line 5
In /ast/ (for /ask/) /t/ replaces /k/: when the same word is used in place of /asked/, as often happens, /e. g./, in "I /ast/ him his name," it shoulders out /ked/.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

consonants noun US /ˈkɑːnsənənts/

plural of “consonant” — a speech sound that is not a vowel

From this reading “One finds, not only vowels disorganized, but also consonants.”

disorganized adjective US /dɪˈsɔːrɡənaɪzd/

lacking order or methodical arrangement or function

From this reading “One finds, not only vowels disorganized, but also consonants.”

displaced verb US /dɪˈspleɪst/

past form of “displace” — cause to move, usually with force or pressure

From this reading “Some are displaced by other consonants, measurably more facile; others are dropped altogether.”

facile adjective US /ˈfæsəl/

superficially impressive, but lacking depth and attention to the true complexities of a subject

From this reading “Some are displaced by other consonants, measurably more facile; others are dropped altogether.”

measurably adverb US /ˈmeʒərəbli/

to a measurable degree

From this reading “Some are displaced by other consonants, measurably more facile; others are dropped altogether.”

replaces verb US /rɪˈpleɪsɪz/

third-person singular of “replace” — substitute a person or thing for (another that is broken or inefficient or lost or no longer working or yielding what is expected)

From this reading “In /ast/ (for /ask/) /t/ replaces /k/: when the same word is used in place of /asked/, as often happens, /e. g./, in "I /ast/ him his name," it shoulders out /ked/.”

tole noun US /toʊl/

enameled or lacquered metalware (usually gilded and elaborately painted); popular in the 18th century

From this reading “/D/ becomes /t/, as in /holt/, or is dropped, as in /tole/, /han'kerchief/, /bran-new/ and /fine/ (for /find/).”

vowels noun US /ˈvaʊəlz/

plural of “vowel” — a speech sound made with the vocal tract open

From this reading “One finds, not only vowels disorganized, but also consonants.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

displaced by verb + particle counted as “displace by”

In this reading “Some are displaced by other consonants, measurably more facile; others are dropped altogether.”

All words in this reading · 70

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Here we are upon a wearing down process that shows many other symptoms.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading One finds, not only vowels disorganized, but also consonants.

altogetheradverbUS /ˌɔːltəˈɡeðər/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading Some are displaced by other consonants, measurably more facile; others are dropped altogether.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading /D/ becomes /t/, as in /holt/, or is dropped, as in /tole/, /han'kerchief/, /bran-new/ and /fine/ (for /find/).

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Here we are upon a wearing down process that shows many other symptoms.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading /D/ becomes /t/, as in /holt/, or is dropped, as in /tole/, /han'kerchief/, /bran-new/ and /fine/ (for /find/).

askverbUS /æsk/

make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading In /ast/ (for /ask/) /t/ replaces /k/: when the same word is used in place of /asked/, as often happens, /e. g./, in "I /ast/ him his name," it shoulders out /ked/.

askedverbUS /æskt/

past form of “ask” — make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading In /ast/ (for /ask/) /t/ replaces /k/: when the same word is used in place of /asked/, as often happens, /e. g./, in "I /ast/ him his name," it shoulders out /ked/.

ast

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In /ast/ (for /ask/) /t/ replaces /k/: when the same word is used in place of /asked/, as often happens, /e. g./, in "I /ast/ him his name," it shoulders out /ked/.

becomesverbUS /bɪˈkʌmz/

third-person singular of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading /D/ becomes /t/, as in /holt/, or is dropped, as in /tole/, /han'kerchief/, /bran-new/ and /fine/ (for /find/).

bran-newadjective

conspicuously new

From this reading /D/ becomes /t/, as in /holt/, or is dropped, as in /tole/, /han'kerchief/, /bran-new/ and /fine/ (for /find/).

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading One finds, not only vowels disorganized, but also consonants.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Some are displaced by other consonants, measurably more facile; others are dropped altogether.

consonantsnounUS /ˈkɑːnsənənts/

plural of “consonant” — a speech sound that is not a vowel

From this reading One finds, not only vowels disorganized, but also consonants.

DnounUS /diː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that prevents rickets

From this reading /D/ becomes /t/, as in /holt/, or is dropped, as in /tole/, /han'kerchief/, /bran-new/ and /fine/ (for /find/).

disorganizedadjectiveUS /dɪˈsɔːrɡənaɪzd/

lacking order or methodical arrangement or function

From this reading One finds, not only vowels disorganized, but also consonants.

displacedverbUS /dɪˈspleɪst/

past form of “displace” — cause to move, usually with force or pressure

From this reading Some are displaced by other consonants, measurably more facile; others are dropped altogether.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Here we are upon a wearing down process that shows many other symptoms.

droppedverbUS /drɑːpt/

inflected form of “drop” — let fall to the ground

From this reading Some are displaced by other consonants, measurably more facile; others are dropped altogether.

enounUS /iː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for normal reproduction; an important antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals in the body

From this reading In /ast/ (for /ask/) /t/ replaces /k/: when the same word is used in place of /asked/, as often happens, /e. g./, in "I /ast/ him his name," it shoulders out /ked/.

facileadjectiveUS /ˈfæsəl/

superficially impressive, but lacking depth and attention to the true complexities of a subject

From this reading Some are displaced by other consonants, measurably more facile; others are dropped altogether.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading /D/ becomes /t/, as in /holt/, or is dropped, as in /tole/, /han'kerchief/, /bran-new/ and /fine/ (for /find/).

findsnounUS /faɪndz/

plural of “find” — a productive insight

From this reading One finds, not only vowels disorganized, but also consonants.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading /D/ becomes /t/, as in /holt/, or is dropped, as in /tole/, /han'kerchief/, /bran-new/ and /fine/ (for /find/).

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading /D/ becomes /t/, as in /holt/, or is dropped, as in /tole/, /han'kerchief/, /bran-new/ and /fine/ (for /find/).

gnounUS /dʒiː/

a metric unit of weight equal to one thousandth of a kilogram

From this reading In /ast/ (for /ask/) /t/ replaces /k/: when the same word is used in place of /asked/, as often happens, /e. g./, in "I /ast/ him his name," it shoulders out /ked/.

han'kerchief

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading /D/ becomes /t/, as in /holt/, or is dropped, as in /tole/, /han'kerchief/, /bran-new/ and /fine/ (for /find/).

happensverbUS /ˈhæpənz/

third-person singular of “happen” — come to pass

From this reading In /ast/ (for /ask/) /t/ replaces /k/: when the same word is used in place of /asked/, as often happens, /e. g./, in "I /ast/ him his name," it shoulders out /ked/.

HereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Here we are upon a wearing down process that shows many other symptoms.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading In /ast/ (for /ask/) /t/ replaces /k/: when the same word is used in place of /asked/, as often happens, /e. g./, in "I /ast/ him his name," it shoulders out /ked/.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In /ast/ (for /ask/) /t/ replaces /k/: when the same word is used in place of /asked/, as often happens, /e. g./, in "I /ast/ him his name," it shoulders out /ked/.

holt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading /D/ becomes /t/, as in /holt/, or is dropped, as in /tole/, /han'kerchief/, /bran-new/ and /fine/ (for /find/).

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading In /ast/ (for /ask/) /t/ replaces /k/: when the same word is used in place of /asked/, as often happens, /e. g./, in "I /ast/ him his name," it shoulders out /ked/.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading /D/ becomes /t/, as in /holt/, or is dropped, as in /tole/, /han'kerchief/, /bran-new/ and /fine/ (for /find/).

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading /D/ becomes /t/, as in /holt/, or is dropped, as in /tole/, /han'kerchief/, /bran-new/ and /fine/ (for /find/).

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading In /ast/ (for /ask/) /t/ replaces /k/: when the same word is used in place of /asked/, as often happens, /e. g./, in "I /ast/ him his name," it shoulders out /ked/.

knounUS /keɪ/

the basic unit of thermodynamic temperature adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading In /ast/ (for /ask/) /t/ replaces /k/: when the same word is used in place of /asked/, as often happens, /e. g./, in "I /ast/ him his name," it shoulders out /ked/.

ked

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In /ast/ (for /ask/) /t/ replaces /k/: when the same word is used in place of /asked/, as often happens, /e. g./, in "I /ast/ him his name," it shoulders out /ked/.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Here we are upon a wearing down process that shows many other symptoms.

measurablyadverbUS /ˈmeʒərəbli/

to a measurable degree

From this reading Some are displaced by other consonants, measurably more facile; others are dropped altogether.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Some are displaced by other consonants, measurably more facile; others are dropped altogether.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading In /ast/ (for /ask/) /t/ replaces /k/: when the same word is used in place of /asked/, as often happens, /e. g./, in "I /ast/ him his name," it shoulders out /ked/.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading One finds, not only vowels disorganized, but also consonants.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In /ast/ (for /ask/) /t/ replaces /k/: when the same word is used in place of /asked/, as often happens, /e. g./, in "I /ast/ him his name," it shoulders out /ked/.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading In /ast/ (for /ask/) /t/ replaces /k/: when the same word is used in place of /asked/, as often happens, /e. g./, in "I /ast/ him his name," it shoulders out /ked/.

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One finds, not only vowels disorganized, but also consonants.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading One finds, not only vowels disorganized, but also consonants.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading /D/ becomes /t/, as in /holt/, or is dropped, as in /tole/, /han'kerchief/, /bran-new/ and /fine/ (for /find/).

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Here we are upon a wearing down process that shows many other symptoms.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some are displaced by other consonants, measurably more facile; others are dropped altogether.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading In /ast/ (for /ask/) /t/ replaces /k/: when the same word is used in place of /asked/, as often happens, /e. g./, in "I /ast/ him his name," it shoulders out /ked/.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading In /ast/ (for /ask/) /t/ replaces /k/: when the same word is used in place of /asked/, as often happens, /e. g./, in "I /ast/ him his name," it shoulders out /ked/.

processverbUS /ˈprɑːses/

subject to a process or treatment, with the aim of readying for some purpose, improving, or remedying a condition

From this reading Here we are upon a wearing down process that shows many other symptoms.

replacesverbUS /rɪˈpleɪsɪz/

third-person singular of “replace” — substitute a person or thing for (another that is broken or inefficient or lost or no longer working or yielding what is expected)

From this reading In /ast/ (for /ask/) /t/ replaces /k/: when the same word is used in place of /asked/, as often happens, /e. g./, in "I /ast/ him his name," it shoulders out /ked/.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading In /ast/ (for /ask/) /t/ replaces /k/: when the same word is used in place of /asked/, as often happens, /e. g./, in "I /ast/ him his name," it shoulders out /ked/.

shouldersnounUS /ˈʃoʊldərz/

plural of “shoulder” — the part of the body between the neck and the upper arm

From this reading In /ast/ (for /ask/) /t/ replaces /k/: when the same word is used in place of /asked/, as often happens, /e. g./, in "I /ast/ him his name," it shoulders out /ked/.

showsnounUS /ʃoʊz/

plural of “show” — the act of publicly exhibiting or entertaining

From this reading Here we are upon a wearing down process that shows many other symptoms.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Some are displaced by other consonants, measurably more facile; others are dropped altogether.

symptomsnounUS /ˈsɪmptəmz/

plural of “symptom” — (medicine) any sensation or change in bodily function that is experienced by a patient and is associated with a particular disease

From this reading Here we are upon a wearing down process that shows many other symptoms.

tnounUS /tiː/

a base found in DNA (but not in RNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine

From this reading /D/ becomes /t/, as in /holt/, or is dropped, as in /tole/, /han'kerchief/, /bran-new/ and /fine/ (for /find/).

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Here we are upon a wearing down process that shows many other symptoms.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In /ast/ (for /ask/) /t/ replaces /k/: when the same word is used in place of /asked/, as often happens, /e. g./, in "I /ast/ him his name," it shoulders out /ked/.

tolenounUS /toʊl/

enameled or lacquered metalware (usually gilded and elaborately painted); popular in the 18th century

From this reading /D/ becomes /t/, as in /holt/, or is dropped, as in /tole/, /han'kerchief/, /bran-new/ and /fine/ (for /find/).

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Here we are upon a wearing down process that shows many other symptoms.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading In /ast/ (for /ask/) /t/ replaces /k/: when the same word is used in place of /asked/, as often happens, /e. g./, in "I /ast/ him his name," it shoulders out /ked/.

vowelsnounUS /ˈvaʊəlz/

plural of “vowel” — a speech sound made with the vocal tract open

From this reading One finds, not only vowels disorganized, but also consonants.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Here we are upon a wearing down process that shows many other symptoms.

wearingnounUS /ˈwerɪŋ/

(geology) the mechanical process of wearing or grinding something down (as by particles washing over it)

From this reading Here we are upon a wearing down process that shows many other symptoms.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading In /ast/ (for /ask/) /t/ replaces /k/: when the same word is used in place of /asked/, as often happens, /e. g./, in "I /ast/ him his name," it shoulders out /ked/.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading In /ast/ (for /ask/) /t/ replaces /k/: when the same word is used in place of /asked/, as often happens, /e. g./, in "I /ast/ him his name," it shoulders out /ked/.

Chapter 7 of The American Language by H. L. (Henry Louis) Mencken holds 644 sentences, grouped into 129 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of The American Language contain?

Chapter 7 holds 644 sentences of The American Language, unabridged, divided into 129 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of The American Language by H. L. (Henry Louis) Mencken exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 644 sentences, grouped into 129 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of The American Language?

Work through the 129 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 129 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The American Language

Common questions about reading The American Language by H. L. (Henry Louis) Mencken on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The American Language?

Yes. All 6951 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #43376 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The American Language is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #43376, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The American Language take to read?

About 579 minutes of reading across 1391 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The American Language

Words and structures a reader meets early in The American Language, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Further
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The American Language; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Details
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Provided
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Transcriber
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The American Language; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.