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The American Senator
The American Senator

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The American Senator is here in full — 363 sentences across 73 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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MR.
GOTOBED'S PHILANTHROPY.
Mr. Gotobed, when the persecutions of Goarly were described to him at the scene of the dead fox, had expressed considerable admiration for the man's character as portrayed by what he then heard.
The man,--a poor man too and despised in the land,--was standing up for his rights, all alone, against the aristocracy and plutocracy of the county.
He had killed the demon whom the aristocracy and plutocracy worshipped, and had appeared there in arms ready to defend his own territory,--one against so many, and so poor a man against men so rich!
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
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/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The American Senator

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The American Senator is here in full — 363 sentences across 73 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/72 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
MR.
/ˈmɪstər/
Line 2
GOTOBED'S PHILANTHROPY.
Line 3
Mr. Gotobed, when the persecutions of Goarly were described to him at the scene of the dead fox, had expressed considerable admiration for the man's character as portrayed by what he then heard.
Line 4
The man,--a poor man too and despised in the land,--was standing up for his rights, all alone, against the aristocracy and plutocracy of the county.
Line 5
He had killed the demon whom the aristocracy and plutocracy worshipped, and had appeared there in arms ready to defend his own territory,--one against so many, and so poor a man against men so rich!

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

aristocracy noun US /ˌerəˈstɑːkrəsi/

a privileged class holding hereditary titles

From this reading “The man,--a poor man too and despised in the land,--was standing up for his rights, all alone, against the aristocracy and plutocracy of the county.”

demon noun US /ˈdiːmən/

an evil supernatural being

From this reading “He had killed the demon whom the aristocracy and plutocracy worshipped, and had appeared there in arms ready to defend his own territory,--one against so many, and so poor a man against men so rich!”

despised adjective US /dɪˈspaɪzd/

treated with dislike or contempt

From this reading “The man,--a poor man too and despised in the land,--was standing up for his rights, all alone, against the aristocracy and plutocracy of the county.”

persecutions noun US /ˌpɜːrsəˈkjuːʃəns/

plural of “persecution” — the act of persecuting (especially on the basis of race or religion)

From this reading “Mr. Gotobed, when the persecutions of Goarly were described to him at the scene of the dead fox, had expressed considerable admiration for the man's character as portrayed by what he then heard.”

philanthropy noun US /fɪˈlænθrəpi/

voluntary promotion of human welfare

From this reading “GOTOBED'S PHILANTHROPY.”

portrayed adjective US /pɔːrˈtreɪd/

represented graphically by sketch or design or lines

From this reading “Mr. Gotobed, when the persecutions of Goarly were described to him at the scene of the dead fox, had expressed considerable admiration for the man's character as portrayed by what he then heard.”

territory noun US /ˈterɪtɔːri/

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading “He had killed the demon whom the aristocracy and plutocracy worshipped, and had appeared there in arms ready to defend his own territory,--one against so many, and so poor a man against men so rich!”

worshipped adjective US /ˈwɜːrʃəpt/

regarded with deep or rapturous love (especially as if for a god)

From this reading “He had killed the demon whom the aristocracy and plutocracy worshipped, and had appeared there in arms ready to defend his own territory,--one against so many, and so poor a man against men so rich!”

All words in this reading · 66

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The man,--a poor man too and despised in the land,--was standing up for his rights, all alone, against the aristocracy and plutocracy of the county.

admirationnounUS /ˌædmərˈeɪʃən/

a feeling of delighted approval and liking

From this reading Mr. Gotobed, when the persecutions of Goarly were described to him at the scene of the dead fox, had expressed considerable admiration for the man's character as portrayed by what he then heard.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading The man,--a poor man too and despised in the land,--was standing up for his rights, all alone, against the aristocracy and plutocracy of the county.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The man,--a poor man too and despised in the land,--was standing up for his rights, all alone, against the aristocracy and plutocracy of the county.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading The man,--a poor man too and despised in the land,--was standing up for his rights, all alone, against the aristocracy and plutocracy of the county.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The man,--a poor man too and despised in the land,--was standing up for his rights, all alone, against the aristocracy and plutocracy of the county.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading He had killed the demon whom the aristocracy and plutocracy worshipped, and had appeared there in arms ready to defend his own territory,--one against so many, and so poor a man against men so rich!

aristocracynounUS /ˌerəˈstɑːkrəsi/

a privileged class holding hereditary titles

From this reading The man,--a poor man too and despised in the land,--was standing up for his rights, all alone, against the aristocracy and plutocracy of the county.

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading He had killed the demon whom the aristocracy and plutocracy worshipped, and had appeared there in arms ready to defend his own territory,--one against so many, and so poor a man against men so rich!

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Mr. Gotobed, when the persecutions of Goarly were described to him at the scene of the dead fox, had expressed considerable admiration for the man's character as portrayed by what he then heard.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Mr. Gotobed, when the persecutions of Goarly were described to him at the scene of the dead fox, had expressed considerable admiration for the man's character as portrayed by what he then heard.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Mr. Gotobed, when the persecutions of Goarly were described to him at the scene of the dead fox, had expressed considerable admiration for the man's character as portrayed by what he then heard.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading Mr. Gotobed, when the persecutions of Goarly were described to him at the scene of the dead fox, had expressed considerable admiration for the man's character as portrayed by what he then heard.

considerableadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərəbəl/

large or relatively large in number or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Mr. Gotobed, when the persecutions of Goarly were described to him at the scene of the dead fox, had expressed considerable admiration for the man's character as portrayed by what he then heard.

countynounUS /ˈkaʊnti/

(United Kingdom) a region created by territorial division for the purpose of local government

From this reading The man,--a poor man too and despised in the land,--was standing up for his rights, all alone, against the aristocracy and plutocracy of the county.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading Mr. Gotobed, when the persecutions of Goarly were described to him at the scene of the dead fox, had expressed considerable admiration for the man's character as portrayed by what he then heard.

defendverbUS /dɪˈfend/

argue or speak in defense of

From this reading He had killed the demon whom the aristocracy and plutocracy worshipped, and had appeared there in arms ready to defend his own territory,--one against so many, and so poor a man against men so rich!

demonnounUS /ˈdiːmən/

an evil supernatural being

From this reading He had killed the demon whom the aristocracy and plutocracy worshipped, and had appeared there in arms ready to defend his own territory,--one against so many, and so poor a man against men so rich!

describedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskraɪbd/

represented in words especially with sharpness and detail

From this reading Mr. Gotobed, when the persecutions of Goarly were described to him at the scene of the dead fox, had expressed considerable admiration for the man's character as portrayed by what he then heard.

despisedadjectiveUS /dɪˈspaɪzd/

treated with dislike or contempt

From this reading The man,--a poor man too and despised in the land,--was standing up for his rights, all alone, against the aristocracy and plutocracy of the county.

expressedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈsprest/

communicated in words

From this reading Mr. Gotobed, when the persecutions of Goarly were described to him at the scene of the dead fox, had expressed considerable admiration for the man's character as portrayed by what he then heard.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Mr. Gotobed, when the persecutions of Goarly were described to him at the scene of the dead fox, had expressed considerable admiration for the man's character as portrayed by what he then heard.

foxnounUS /fɑːks/

alert carnivorous mammal with pointed muzzle and ears and a bushy tail; most are predators that do not hunt in packs

From this reading Mr. Gotobed, when the persecutions of Goarly were described to him at the scene of the dead fox, had expressed considerable admiration for the man's character as portrayed by what he then heard.

Goarly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mr. Gotobed, when the persecutions of Goarly were described to him at the scene of the dead fox, had expressed considerable admiration for the man's character as portrayed by what he then heard.

Gotobed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mr. Gotobed, when the persecutions of Goarly were described to him at the scene of the dead fox, had expressed considerable admiration for the man's character as portrayed by what he then heard.

GOTOBED'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading GOTOBED'S PHILANTHROPY.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Mr. Gotobed, when the persecutions of Goarly were described to him at the scene of the dead fox, had expressed considerable admiration for the man's character as portrayed by what he then heard.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Mr. Gotobed, when the persecutions of Goarly were described to him at the scene of the dead fox, had expressed considerable admiration for the man's character as portrayed by what he then heard.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading Mr. Gotobed, when the persecutions of Goarly were described to him at the scene of the dead fox, had expressed considerable admiration for the man's character as portrayed by what he then heard.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Mr. Gotobed, when the persecutions of Goarly were described to him at the scene of the dead fox, had expressed considerable admiration for the man's character as portrayed by what he then heard.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The man,--a poor man too and despised in the land,--was standing up for his rights, all alone, against the aristocracy and plutocracy of the county.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The man,--a poor man too and despised in the land,--was standing up for his rights, all alone, against the aristocracy and plutocracy of the county.

killedverbUS /kɪld/

past form of “kill” — cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly

From this reading He had killed the demon whom the aristocracy and plutocracy worshipped, and had appeared there in arms ready to defend his own territory,--one against so many, and so poor a man against men so rich!

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading The man,--a poor man too and despised in the land,--was standing up for his rights, all alone, against the aristocracy and plutocracy of the county.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The man,--a poor man too and despised in the land,--was standing up for his rights, all alone, against the aristocracy and plutocracy of the county.

man'snounUS /mænz/

possessive form of “man” — an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Mr. Gotobed, when the persecutions of Goarly were described to him at the scene of the dead fox, had expressed considerable admiration for the man's character as portrayed by what he then heard.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading He had killed the demon whom the aristocracy and plutocracy worshipped, and had appeared there in arms ready to defend his own territory,--one against so many, and so poor a man against men so rich!

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading He had killed the demon whom the aristocracy and plutocracy worshipped, and had appeared there in arms ready to defend his own territory,--one against so many, and so poor a man against men so rich!

MRnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading MR.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Mr. Gotobed, when the persecutions of Goarly were described to him at the scene of the dead fox, had expressed considerable admiration for the man's character as portrayed by what he then heard.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading He had killed the demon whom the aristocracy and plutocracy worshipped, and had appeared there in arms ready to defend his own territory,--one against so many, and so poor a man against men so rich!

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading He had killed the demon whom the aristocracy and plutocracy worshipped, and had appeared there in arms ready to defend his own territory,--one against so many, and so poor a man against men so rich!

persecutionsnounUS /ˌpɜːrsəˈkjuːʃəns/

plural of “persecution” — the act of persecuting (especially on the basis of race or religion)

From this reading Mr. Gotobed, when the persecutions of Goarly were described to him at the scene of the dead fox, had expressed considerable admiration for the man's character as portrayed by what he then heard.

PHILANTHROPYnounUS /fɪˈlænθrəpi/

voluntary promotion of human welfare

From this reading GOTOBED'S PHILANTHROPY.

plutocracynoun

a political system governed by the wealthy people

From this reading The man,--a poor man too and despised in the land,--was standing up for his rights, all alone, against the aristocracy and plutocracy of the county.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading The man,--a poor man too and despised in the land,--was standing up for his rights, all alone, against the aristocracy and plutocracy of the county.

portrayedadjectiveUS /pɔːrˈtreɪd/

represented graphically by sketch or design or lines

From this reading Mr. Gotobed, when the persecutions of Goarly were described to him at the scene of the dead fox, had expressed considerable admiration for the man's character as portrayed by what he then heard.

readyadjectiveUS /ˈredi/

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading He had killed the demon whom the aristocracy and plutocracy worshipped, and had appeared there in arms ready to defend his own territory,--one against so many, and so poor a man against men so rich!

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading He had killed the demon whom the aristocracy and plutocracy worshipped, and had appeared there in arms ready to defend his own territory,--one against so many, and so poor a man against men so rich!

rightsnounUS /raɪts/

plural of “right” — an abstract idea of that which is due to a person or governmental body by law or tradition or nature

From this reading The man,--a poor man too and despised in the land,--was standing up for his rights, all alone, against the aristocracy and plutocracy of the county.

scenenounUS /siːn/

the place where some action occurs

From this reading Mr. Gotobed, when the persecutions of Goarly were described to him at the scene of the dead fox, had expressed considerable admiration for the man's character as portrayed by what he then heard.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading He had killed the demon whom the aristocracy and plutocracy worshipped, and had appeared there in arms ready to defend his own territory,--one against so many, and so poor a man against men so rich!

standingadjectiveUS /ˈstændɪŋ/

having a supporting base

From this reading The man,--a poor man too and despised in the land,--was standing up for his rights, all alone, against the aristocracy and plutocracy of the county.

territorynounUS /ˈterɪtɔːri/

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading He had killed the demon whom the aristocracy and plutocracy worshipped, and had appeared there in arms ready to defend his own territory,--one against so many, and so poor a man against men so rich!

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Mr. Gotobed, when the persecutions of Goarly were described to him at the scene of the dead fox, had expressed considerable admiration for the man's character as portrayed by what he then heard.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Mr. Gotobed, when the persecutions of Goarly were described to him at the scene of the dead fox, had expressed considerable admiration for the man's character as portrayed by what he then heard.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading He had killed the demon whom the aristocracy and plutocracy worshipped, and had appeared there in arms ready to defend his own territory,--one against so many, and so poor a man against men so rich!

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Mr. Gotobed, when the persecutions of Goarly were described to him at the scene of the dead fox, had expressed considerable admiration for the man's character as portrayed by what he then heard.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading The man,--a poor man too and despised in the land,--was standing up for his rights, all alone, against the aristocracy and plutocracy of the county.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The man,--a poor man too and despised in the land,--was standing up for his rights, all alone, against the aristocracy and plutocracy of the county.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The man,--a poor man too and despised in the land,--was standing up for his rights, all alone, against the aristocracy and plutocracy of the county.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Mr. Gotobed, when the persecutions of Goarly were described to him at the scene of the dead fox, had expressed considerable admiration for the man's character as portrayed by what he then heard.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Mr. Gotobed, when the persecutions of Goarly were described to him at the scene of the dead fox, had expressed considerable admiration for the man's character as portrayed by what he then heard.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Mr. Gotobed, when the persecutions of Goarly were described to him at the scene of the dead fox, had expressed considerable admiration for the man's character as portrayed by what he then heard.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He had killed the demon whom the aristocracy and plutocracy worshipped, and had appeared there in arms ready to defend his own territory,--one against so many, and so poor a man against men so rich!

worshippedadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːrʃəpt/

regarded with deep or rapturous love (especially as if for a god)

From this reading He had killed the demon whom the aristocracy and plutocracy worshipped, and had appeared there in arms ready to defend his own territory,--one against so many, and so poor a man against men so rich!

Chapter 8 of The American Senator by Anthony Trollope holds 363 sentences, grouped into 73 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The American Senator contain?

Chapter 8 holds 363 sentences of The American Senator, unabridged, divided into 73 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The American Senator by Anthony Trollope exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 363 sentences, grouped into 73 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The American Senator?

Work through the 73 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 73 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Is this the complete text of The American Senator?

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Project Gutenberg eBook #5118, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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Vocabulary met early in The American Senator

Words and structures a reader meets early in The American Senator, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Morton
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The American Senator; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Family
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The American Senator; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hardly
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The American Senator; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Describe
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The American Senator; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.