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The American Senator
The American Senator

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The American Senator is here in full — 339 sentences across 68 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/67 · 5 lines
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THE SUCCESS OF LADY AUGUSTUS.
Lady Augustus was still staying with the Connop Greens in Hampshire when she received the Duke's letter and Arabella was with her.
The story of Lord Rufford's infidelity had been told to Mrs. Connop Green,--and, of course through her to Mr. Connop Green.
Both the mother and daughter affected to despise the Connop Greens;--but it is so hard to restrain oneself from confidences when difficulties arise!
Arabella had by this time quite persuaded herself that there had been an absolute engagement, and did in truth believe that she had been most cruelly ill-used.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The American Senator

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of The American Senator is here in full — 339 sentences across 68 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/67 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE SUCCESS OF LADY AUGUSTUS.
/ðə səkˈses ʌv ˈleɪdi ɑːˈɡʌstəs/
Line 2
Lady Augustus was still staying with the Connop Greens in Hampshire when she received the Duke's letter and Arabella was with her.
Line 3
The story of Lord Rufford's infidelity had been told to Mrs. Connop Green,--and, of course through her to Mr. Connop Green.
Line 4
Both the mother and daughter affected to despise the Connop Greens;--but it is so hard to restrain oneself from confidences when difficulties arise!
Line 5
Arabella had by this time quite persuaded herself that there had been an absolute engagement, and did in truth believe that she had been most cruelly ill-used.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

augustus noun US /ɑːˈɡʌstəs/

Roman statesman who established the Roman Empire and became emperor in 27 BC; defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra in 31 BC at Actium (63 BC - AD 14)

From this reading “THE SUCCESS OF LADY AUGUSTUS.”

confidences noun US /ˈkɑːnfədənsɪz/

plural of “confidence” — freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities

From this reading “Both the mother and daughter affected to despise the Connop Greens;--but it is so hard to restrain oneself from confidences when difficulties arise!”

cruelly adverb US /ˈkruːli/

excessively

From this reading “Arabella had by this time quite persuaded herself that there had been an absolute engagement, and did in truth believe that she had been most cruelly ill-used.”

Duke's noun US /duːks/

possessive form of “duke” — a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading “Lady Augustus was still staying with the Connop Greens in Hampshire when she received the Duke's letter and Arabella was with her.”

Greens noun US /ɡriːnz/

any of various leafy plants or their leaves and stems eaten as vegetables

From this reading “Lady Augustus was still staying with the Connop Greens in Hampshire when she received the Duke's letter and Arabella was with her.”

Hampshire noun US /ˈhæmpʃər/

a county of southern England on the English Channel

From this reading “Lady Augustus was still staying with the Connop Greens in Hampshire when she received the Duke's letter and Arabella was with her.”

infidelity noun US /ˌɪnfɪˈdelɪti/

the quality of being unfaithful

From this reading “The story of Lord Rufford's infidelity had been told to Mrs. Connop Green,--and, of course through her to Mr. Connop Green.”

restrain verb US /riˈstreɪn/

to close within bounds, or otherwise limit or deprive of free movement

From this reading “Both the mother and daughter affected to despise the Connop Greens;--but it is so hard to restrain oneself from confidences when difficulties arise!”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

absoluteadjectiveUS /ˈæbsəluːt/

perfect or complete or pure

From this reading Arabella had by this time quite persuaded herself that there had been an absolute engagement, and did in truth believe that she had been most cruelly ill-used.

affectedadjectiveUS /əˈfektɪd/

acted upon; influenced

From this reading Both the mother and daughter affected to despise the Connop Greens;--but it is so hard to restrain oneself from confidences when difficulties arise!

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Arabella had by this time quite persuaded herself that there had been an absolute engagement, and did in truth believe that she had been most cruelly ill-used.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Lady Augustus was still staying with the Connop Greens in Hampshire when she received the Duke's letter and Arabella was with her.

Arabella

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lady Augustus was still staying with the Connop Greens in Hampshire when she received the Duke's letter and Arabella was with her.

ariseverbUS /ərˈaɪz/

come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading Both the mother and daughter affected to despise the Connop Greens;--but it is so hard to restrain oneself from confidences when difficulties arise!

AUGUSTUSnounUS /ɑːˈɡʌstəs/

Roman statesman who established the Roman Empire and became emperor in 27 BC; defeated Mark Antony and Cleopatra in 31 BC at Actium (63 BC - AD 14)

From this reading THE SUCCESS OF LADY AUGUSTUS.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The story of Lord Rufford's infidelity had been told to Mrs. Connop Green,--and, of course through her to Mr. Connop Green.

believeverbUS /bɪˈliːv/

accept as true; take to be true

From this reading Arabella had by this time quite persuaded herself that there had been an absolute engagement, and did in truth believe that she had been most cruelly ill-used.

BothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading Both the mother and daughter affected to despise the Connop Greens;--but it is so hard to restrain oneself from confidences when difficulties arise!

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Both the mother and daughter affected to despise the Connop Greens;--but it is so hard to restrain oneself from confidences when difficulties arise!

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Arabella had by this time quite persuaded herself that there had been an absolute engagement, and did in truth believe that she had been most cruelly ill-used.

confidencesnounUS /ˈkɑːnfədənsɪz/

plural of “confidence” — freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities

From this reading Both the mother and daughter affected to despise the Connop Greens;--but it is so hard to restrain oneself from confidences when difficulties arise!

Connop

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lady Augustus was still staying with the Connop Greens in Hampshire when she received the Duke's letter and Arabella was with her.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading The story of Lord Rufford's infidelity had been told to Mrs. Connop Green,--and, of course through her to Mr. Connop Green.

cruellyadverbUS /ˈkruːli/

excessively

From this reading Arabella had by this time quite persuaded herself that there had been an absolute engagement, and did in truth believe that she had been most cruelly ill-used.

daughternounUS /ˈdɔːtər/

a female human offspring

From this reading Both the mother and daughter affected to despise the Connop Greens;--but it is so hard to restrain oneself from confidences when difficulties arise!

despiseverbUS /dɪˈspaɪz/

look down on with disdain

From this reading Both the mother and daughter affected to despise the Connop Greens;--but it is so hard to restrain oneself from confidences when difficulties arise!

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Arabella had by this time quite persuaded herself that there had been an absolute engagement, and did in truth believe that she had been most cruelly ill-used.

difficultiesnounUS /ˈdɪfəkəltiz/

plural of “difficulty” — an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading Both the mother and daughter affected to despise the Connop Greens;--but it is so hard to restrain oneself from confidences when difficulties arise!

Duke'snounUS /duːks/

possessive form of “duke” — a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading Lady Augustus was still staying with the Connop Greens in Hampshire when she received the Duke's letter and Arabella was with her.

engagementnounUS /enˈɡeɪdʒmənt/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading Arabella had by this time quite persuaded herself that there had been an absolute engagement, and did in truth believe that she had been most cruelly ill-used.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Both the mother and daughter affected to despise the Connop Greens;--but it is so hard to restrain oneself from confidences when difficulties arise!

GreennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading The story of Lord Rufford's infidelity had been told to Mrs. Connop Green,--and, of course through her to Mr. Connop Green.

GreensnounUS /ɡriːnz/

any of various leafy plants or their leaves and stems eaten as vegetables

From this reading Lady Augustus was still staying with the Connop Greens in Hampshire when she received the Duke's letter and Arabella was with her.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The story of Lord Rufford's infidelity had been told to Mrs. Connop Green,--and, of course through her to Mr. Connop Green.

HampshirenounUS /ˈhæmpʃər/

a county of southern England on the English Channel

From this reading Lady Augustus was still staying with the Connop Greens in Hampshire when she received the Duke's letter and Arabella was with her.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading Both the mother and daughter affected to despise the Connop Greens;--but it is so hard to restrain oneself from confidences when difficulties arise!

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Lady Augustus was still staying with the Connop Greens in Hampshire when she received the Duke's letter and Arabella was with her.

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading Arabella had by this time quite persuaded herself that there had been an absolute engagement, and did in truth believe that she had been most cruelly ill-used.

ill-usedadjective

(of persons) taken advantage of

From this reading Arabella had by this time quite persuaded herself that there had been an absolute engagement, and did in truth believe that she had been most cruelly ill-used.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Lady Augustus was still staying with the Connop Greens in Hampshire when she received the Duke's letter and Arabella was with her.

infidelitynounUS /ˌɪnfɪˈdelɪti/

the quality of being unfaithful

From this reading The story of Lord Rufford's infidelity had been told to Mrs. Connop Green,--and, of course through her to Mr. Connop Green.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Both the mother and daughter affected to despise the Connop Greens;--but it is so hard to restrain oneself from confidences when difficulties arise!

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Both the mother and daughter affected to despise the Connop Greens;--but it is so hard to restrain oneself from confidences when difficulties arise!

LADYnounUS /ˈleɪdi/

a polite name for any woman

From this reading THE SUCCESS OF LADY AUGUSTUS.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading Lady Augustus was still staying with the Connop Greens in Hampshire when she received the Duke's letter and Arabella was with her.

LordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading The story of Lord Rufford's infidelity had been told to Mrs. Connop Green,--and, of course through her to Mr. Connop Green.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Arabella had by this time quite persuaded herself that there had been an absolute engagement, and did in truth believe that she had been most cruelly ill-used.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading Both the mother and daughter affected to despise the Connop Greens;--but it is so hard to restrain oneself from confidences when difficulties arise!

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading The story of Lord Rufford's infidelity had been told to Mrs. Connop Green,--and, of course through her to Mr. Connop Green.

MrsnounUS /ˈmɪsɪz/

a form of address for a married woman

From this reading The story of Lord Rufford's infidelity had been told to Mrs. Connop Green,--and, of course through her to Mr. Connop Green.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE SUCCESS OF LADY AUGUSTUS.

oneself

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Both the mother and daughter affected to despise the Connop Greens;--but it is so hard to restrain oneself from confidences when difficulties arise!

persuadedverbUS /pərˈsweɪdɪd/

past form of “persuade” — win approval or support for

From this reading Arabella had by this time quite persuaded herself that there had been an absolute engagement, and did in truth believe that she had been most cruelly ill-used.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading Arabella had by this time quite persuaded herself that there had been an absolute engagement, and did in truth believe that she had been most cruelly ill-used.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading Lady Augustus was still staying with the Connop Greens in Hampshire when she received the Duke's letter and Arabella was with her.

restrainverbUS /riˈstreɪn/

to close within bounds, or otherwise limit or deprive of free movement

From this reading Both the mother and daughter affected to despise the Connop Greens;--but it is so hard to restrain oneself from confidences when difficulties arise!

Rufford's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The story of Lord Rufford's infidelity had been told to Mrs. Connop Green,--and, of course through her to Mr. Connop Green.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Lady Augustus was still staying with the Connop Greens in Hampshire when she received the Duke's letter and Arabella was with her.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Both the mother and daughter affected to despise the Connop Greens;--but it is so hard to restrain oneself from confidences when difficulties arise!

stayingverbUS /ˈsteɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “stay” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading Lady Augustus was still staying with the Connop Greens in Hampshire when she received the Duke's letter and Arabella was with her.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Lady Augustus was still staying with the Connop Greens in Hampshire when she received the Duke's letter and Arabella was with her.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading The story of Lord Rufford's infidelity had been told to Mrs. Connop Green,--and, of course through her to Mr. Connop Green.

SUCCESSnounUS /səkˈses/

an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading THE SUCCESS OF LADY AUGUSTUS.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Arabella had by this time quite persuaded herself that there had been an absolute engagement, and did in truth believe that she had been most cruelly ill-used.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE SUCCESS OF LADY AUGUSTUS.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Arabella had by this time quite persuaded herself that there had been an absolute engagement, and did in truth believe that she had been most cruelly ill-used.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Arabella had by this time quite persuaded herself that there had been an absolute engagement, and did in truth believe that she had been most cruelly ill-used.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading The story of Lord Rufford's infidelity had been told to Mrs. Connop Green,--and, of course through her to Mr. Connop Green.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Arabella had by this time quite persuaded herself that there had been an absolute engagement, and did in truth believe that she had been most cruelly ill-used.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The story of Lord Rufford's infidelity had been told to Mrs. Connop Green,--and, of course through her to Mr. Connop Green.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading The story of Lord Rufford's infidelity had been told to Mrs. Connop Green,--and, of course through her to Mr. Connop Green.

truthnounUS /truːθ/

a fact that has been verified

From this reading Arabella had by this time quite persuaded herself that there had been an absolute engagement, and did in truth believe that she had been most cruelly ill-used.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Lady Augustus was still staying with the Connop Greens in Hampshire when she received the Duke's letter and Arabella was with her.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Lady Augustus was still staying with the Connop Greens in Hampshire when she received the Duke's letter and Arabella was with her.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Lady Augustus was still staying with the Connop Greens in Hampshire when she received the Duke's letter and Arabella was with her.

Chapter 31 of The American Senator by Anthony Trollope holds 339 sentences, grouped into 68 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of The American Senator contain?

Chapter 31 holds 339 sentences of The American Senator, unabridged, divided into 68 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of The American Senator by Anthony Trollope exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 339 sentences, grouped into 68 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of The American Senator?

Work through the 68 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 68 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The American Senator

Common questions about reading The American Senator by Anthony Trollope on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The American Senator?

Yes. All 12413 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #5118 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The American Senator is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #5118, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The American Senator take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2483 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The American Senator

Words and structures a reader meets early in The American Senator, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Morton
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The American Senator; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Family
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The American Senator; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hardly
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The American Senator; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Describe
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