Learn English through classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
The American Spirit in Literature
The American Spirit in Literature

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The American Spirit in Literature is here in full — 201 sentences across 41 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for The American Spirit in Literature
Context Illustration Reading 1/40 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.
Both Poe and Whitman were Romanticists by temperament.
Both shared in the tradition and influence of European Romanticism.
But they were also late comers, and they were caught in the more morbid and extravagant phases of the great European movement while its current was beginning to ebb.
Their acquaintance with its literature was mainly at second-hand and through the medium of British and American periodicals.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The American Spirit in Literature

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The American Spirit in Literature is here in full — 201 sentences across 41 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/40 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.
Line 2
Both Poe and Whitman were Romanticists by temperament.
Line 3
Both shared in the tradition and influence of European Romanticism.
/boʊθ ʃerd ɪn ðə trəˈdɪʃən ənd ˈɪnfluːəns ʌv ˌjʊrəˈpiːən roʊˈmæntəsɪzəm/
Line 4
But they were also late comers, and they were caught in the more morbid and extravagant phases of the great European movement while its current was beginning to ebb.
/bʌt ðeɪ wɜːr ˈɔːlsoʊ leɪt ˈkʌmərz ənd ðeɪ wɜːr kɑːt ɪn ðə mɔːr ˈmɔːrbəd ənd ekˈstrævəɡənt ˈfeɪzəz ʌv ðə ɡreɪt ˌjʊrəˈpiːən ˈmuːvmənt waɪl ɪts ˈkɜːrənt wɑːz bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ tuː eb/
Line 5
Their acquaintance with its literature was mainly at second-hand and through the medium of British and American periodicals.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

comers noun US /ˈkʌmərz/

plural of “comer” — someone with a promising future

From this reading “But they were also late comers, and they were caught in the more morbid and extravagant phases of the great European movement while its current was beginning to ebb.”

distinctive adjective US /dɪˈstɪŋktɪv/

of a feature that helps to distinguish a person or thing

From this reading “Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.”

outsiders noun US /aʊtˈsaɪdərz/

plural of “outsider” — someone who is excluded from or is not a member of a group

From this reading “Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.”

periodicals noun US /ˌpɪriˈɑːdɪkəlz/

plural of “periodical” — a publication that appears at fixed intervals

From this reading “Their acquaintance with its literature was mainly at second-hand and through the medium of British and American periodicals.”

Poe noun US /poʊ/

United States writer and poet (1809-1849)

From this reading “Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.”

quarreling verb US /ˈkwɑːrəlɪŋ/

-ing form of “quarrel” — have a disagreement over something

From this reading “Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.”

Romanticism noun US /roʊˈmæntəsɪzəm/

impractical romantic ideals and attitudes

From this reading “Both shared in the tradition and influence of European Romanticism.”

Whitman noun US /ˈwɪtmən/

United States poet who celebrated the greatness of America (1819-1892)

From this reading “Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.”

All words in this reading · 89

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

accuratelyadverbUS /ˈækjərətli/

with few mistakes

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

acquaintancenounUS /əˈkweɪntəns/

personal knowledge or information about someone or something

From this reading Their acquaintance with its literature was mainly at second-hand and through the medium of British and American periodicals.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading But they were also late comers, and they were caught in the more morbid and extravagant phases of the great European movement while its current was beginning to ebb.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Their acquaintance with its literature was mainly at second-hand and through the medium of British and American periodicals.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading But they were also late comers, and they were caught in the more morbid and extravagant phases of the great European movement while its current was beginning to ebb.

BothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading Both Poe and Whitman were Romanticists by temperament.

BritishnounUS /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

the people of Great Britain

From this reading Their acquaintance with its literature was mainly at second-hand and through the medium of British and American periodicals.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But they were also late comers, and they were caught in the more morbid and extravagant phases of the great European movement while its current was beginning to ebb.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Both Poe and Whitman were Romanticists by temperament.

caughtverbUS /kɑːt/

inflected form of “catch” — discover or come upon accidentally, suddenly, or unexpectedly; catch somebody doing something or in a certain state

From this reading But they were also late comers, and they were caught in the more morbid and extravagant phases of the great European movement while its current was beginning to ebb.

comersnounUS /ˈkʌmərz/

plural of “comer” — someone with a promising future

From this reading But they were also late comers, and they were caught in the more morbid and extravagant phases of the great European movement while its current was beginning to ebb.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

conventionaladjectiveUS /kənˈvenʃənəl/

following accepted customs and proprieties

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

currentnounUS /ˈkɜːrənt/

a flow of electricity through a conductor

From this reading But they were also late comers, and they were caught in the more morbid and extravagant phases of the great European movement while its current was beginning to ebb.

distinctiveadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋktɪv/

of a feature that helps to distinguish a person or thing

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

ebbverbUS /eb/

flow back or recede

From this reading But they were also late comers, and they were caught in the more morbid and extravagant phases of the great European movement while its current was beginning to ebb.

egotismnounUS /ˈiːɡətɪzəm/

an exaggerated opinion of your own importance

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

egotists

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

EnterverbUS /ˈentər/

to come or go into

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

EuropenounUS /ˈjʊrəp/

the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

EuropeannounUS /ˌjʊrəˈpiːən/

a native or inhabitant of Europe

From this reading Both shared in the tradition and influence of European Romanticism.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

extravagantadjectiveUS /ekˈstrævəɡənt/

unrestrained, especially with regard to feelings

From this reading But they were also late comers, and they were caught in the more morbid and extravagant phases of the great European movement while its current was beginning to ebb.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

geniusnounUS /ˈdʒiːnjəs/

someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading But they were also late comers, and they were caught in the more morbid and extravagant phases of the great European movement while its current was beginning to ebb.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

influencenounUS /ˈɪnfluːəns/

a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading Both shared in the tradition and influence of European Romanticism.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading But they were also late comers, and they were caught in the more morbid and extravagant phases of the great European movement while its current was beginning to ebb.

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading But they were also late comers, and they were caught in the more morbid and extravagant phases of the great European movement while its current was beginning to ebb.

literaryadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəreri/

of or relating to or characteristic of literature

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

literaturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading Their acquaintance with its literature was mainly at second-hand and through the medium of British and American periodicals.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

mainlyadverbUS /ˈmeɪnli/

for the most part

From this reading Their acquaintance with its literature was mainly at second-hand and through the medium of British and American periodicals.

mediumnounUS /ˈmiːdiəm/

a means or instrumentality for storing or communicating information

From this reading Their acquaintance with its literature was mainly at second-hand and through the medium of British and American periodicals.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

morbidadjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrbəd/

suggesting an unhealthy mental state

From this reading But they were also late comers, and they were caught in the more morbid and extravagant phases of the great European movement while its current was beginning to ebb.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

movementnounUS /ˈmuːvmənt/

a change of position that does not entail a change of location

From this reading But they were also late comers, and they were caught in the more morbid and extravagant phases of the great European movement while its current was beginning to ebb.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

outsidersnounUS /aʊtˈsaɪdərz/

plural of “outsider” — someone who is excluded from or is not a member of a group

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

perceivedadjectiveUS /pərˈsiːvd/

detected by instinct or inference rather than by recognized perceptual cues

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

periodicalsnounUS /ˌpɪriˈɑːdɪkəlz/

plural of “periodical” — a publication that appears at fixed intervals

From this reading Their acquaintance with its literature was mainly at second-hand and through the medium of British and American periodicals.

phasesnounUS /ˈfeɪzəz/

plural of “phase” — any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading But they were also late comers, and they were caught in the more morbid and extravagant phases of the great European movement while its current was beginning to ebb.

PoenounUS /poʊ/

United States writer and poet (1809-1849)

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

qualitynounUS /ˈkwɑːləti/

an essential and distinguishing attribute of something or someone

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

quarrelingverbUS /ˈkwɑːrəlɪŋ/

-ing form of “quarrel” — have a disagreement over something

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

racenounUS /reɪs/

any competition

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

RomanticismnounUS /roʊˈmæntəsɪzəm/

impractical romantic ideals and attitudes

From this reading Both shared in the tradition and influence of European Romanticism.

Romanticists

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Both Poe and Whitman were Romanticists by temperament.

rulesnounUS /ruːlz/

plural of “rule” — a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

saveprepositionUS /seɪv/

except for; apart from

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

second-hand

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Their acquaintance with its literature was mainly at second-hand and through the medium of British and American periodicals.

sharedadjectiveUS /ʃerd/

have in common; held or experienced in common

From this reading Both shared in the tradition and influence of European Romanticism.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

StatesnounUS /steɪts/

plural of “state” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

temperamentnounUS /ˈtemprəmənt/

your usual mood

From this reading Both Poe and Whitman were Romanticists by temperament.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading But they were also late comers, and they were caught in the more morbid and extravagant phases of the great European movement while its current was beginning to ebb.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Their acquaintance with its literature was mainly at second-hand and through the medium of British and American periodicals.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading But they were also late comers, and they were caught in the more morbid and extravagant phases of the great European movement while its current was beginning to ebb.

traditionnounUS /trəˈdɪʃən/

an inherited pattern of thought or action

From this reading Both shared in the tradition and influence of European Romanticism.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

UnitedadjectiveUS /juːˈnaɪtɪd/

characterized by unity; being or joined into a single entity

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

upsetverbUS /əpˈset/

disturb the balance or stability of

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But they were also late comers, and they were caught in the more morbid and extravagant phases of the great European movement while its current was beginning to ebb.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Both Poe and Whitman were Romanticists by temperament.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading But they were also late comers, and they were caught in the more morbid and extravagant phases of the great European movement while its current was beginning to ebb.

WhitmannounUS /ˈwɪtmən/

United States poet who celebrated the greatness of America (1819-1892)

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

winningadjectiveUS /ˈwɪnɪŋ/

having won

From this reading Poe and Whitman Enter now two egotists, who have little in common save their egotism, two outsiders who upset most of the conventional American rules for winning the literary race, two men of genius, in short, about whom we are still quarreling, and whose distinctive quality is more accurately perceived in Europe than it has ever been in the United States.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Their acquaintance with its literature was mainly at second-hand and through the medium of British and American periodicals.

Chapter 8 of The American Spirit in Literature by Bliss Perry holds 201 sentences, grouped into 41 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The American Spirit in Literature contain?

Chapter 8 holds 201 sentences of The American Spirit in Literature, unabridged, divided into 41 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The American Spirit in Literature by Bliss Perry exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 201 sentences, grouped into 41 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The American Spirit in Literature?

Work through the 41 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 41 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The American Spirit in Literature

Common questions about reading The American Spirit in Literature by Bliss Perry on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The American Spirit in Literature?

Yes. All 2829 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3410 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The American Spirit in Literature is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3410, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The American Spirit in Literature take to read?

About 235 minutes of reading across 566 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The American Spirit in Literature section by section

How to work through The American Spirit in Literature section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 17 chapters of The American Spirit in Literature to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The American Spirit in Literature

Words and structures a reader meets early in The American Spirit in Literature, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

United
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The American Spirit in Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
States
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The American Spirit in Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
America
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The American Spirit in Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Beginning
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The American Spirit in Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.