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The American Union Speaker
The American Union Speaker

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The American Union Speaker is here in full — 384 sentences across 77 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/76 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?
Did they bring "discredit" on their sex by mingling in politics?
And what were the women of the United States in the struggle of the Revolution?
Were they devoted exclusively to the duties and enjoyments of the fireside?
When the soldiers were destitute of clothing, or sick, or in prison, from whence did relief come?
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The American Union Speaker

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of The American Union Speaker is here in full — 384 sentences across 77 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/76 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?
/tuː kʌm tuː ə ˈleɪtər ˈpɪriəd wʌt neɪmz ɑːr mɔːr ˌɪˈlʌstriəs ðæn ðæt ʌv ɪˈlɪzəbəθ ðə ɡreɪt ˈbrɪtɪʃ kwiːn ənd ðæt ʌv ˌɪzəˈbelə ʌv ˌkæˈstaɪl ðə ˈpeɪtrənəs ʌv kəˈlʌmbəs ðə ˈvɜːrtʃuːəl dɪˈskʌvərər ʌv ðɪs ˈhemɪsfɪr fɔːr wɪˈθaʊt hɜːr ðæt dɪˈskʌvəri wʊd nɑːt hæv bɪn meɪd/
Line 2
Did they bring "discredit" on their sex by mingling in politics?
/dɪd ðeɪ brɪŋ dɪˈskredət ɑːn ðer seks baɪ ˈmɪŋɡəlɪŋ ɪn ˈpɑːlətɪks/
Line 3
And what were the women of the United States in the struggle of the Revolution?
/ənd wʌt wɜːr ðə ˈwɪmən ʌv ðə juːˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ɪn ðə ˈstrʌɡəl ʌv ðə ˌrevəˈluːʃən/
Line 4
Were they devoted exclusively to the duties and enjoyments of the fireside?
/wɜːr ðeɪ dɪˈvoʊtɪd ɪkˈskluːsɪvli tuː ðə ˈduːtiz ənd enˈdʒɔɪmənts ʌv ðə ˈfaɪərsaɪd/
Line 5
When the soldiers were destitute of clothing, or sick, or in prison, from whence did relief come?
/wen ðə ˈsoʊldʒərz wɜːr ˈdestətuːt ʌv ˈkloʊðɪŋ ɔːr sɪk ɔːr ɪn ˈprɪzən frʌm wens dɪd rɪˈliːf kʌm/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Castile noun US /ˌkæˈstaɪl/

a region of central Spain; a former kingdom that comprised most of modern Spain and united with Aragon to form Spain in 1479

From this reading “To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?”

discoverer noun US /dɪˈskʌvərər/

someone who is the first to think of or make something

From this reading “To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?”

discredit verb US /dɪˈskredət/

cause to be distrusted or disbelieved

From this reading “Did they bring "discredit" on their sex by mingling in politics?”

enjoyments noun US /enˈdʒɔɪmənts/

plural of “enjoyment” — the pleasure felt when having a good time

From this reading “Were they devoted exclusively to the duties and enjoyments of the fireside?”

fireside noun US /ˈfaɪərsaɪd/

an area near a fireplace (usually paved and extending out into a room)

From this reading “Were they devoted exclusively to the duties and enjoyments of the fireside?”

hemisphere noun US /ˈhemɪsfɪr/

half of the terrestrial globe

From this reading “To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?”

patroness noun US /ˈpeɪtrənəs/

a woman who is a patron or the wife of a patron

From this reading “To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?”

virtual adjective US /ˈvɜːrtʃuːəl/

being actually such in almost every respect

From this reading “To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?

bringverbUS /brɪŋ/

take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading Did they bring "discredit" on their sex by mingling in politics?

BritishnounUS /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

the people of Great Britain

From this reading To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Did they bring "discredit" on their sex by mingling in politics?

CastilenounUS /ˌkæˈstaɪl/

a region of central Spain; a former kingdom that comprised most of modern Spain and united with Aragon to form Spain in 1479

From this reading To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?

clothingnounUS /ˈkloʊðɪŋ/

a covering designed to be worn on a person's body

From this reading When the soldiers were destitute of clothing, or sick, or in prison, from whence did relief come?

ColumbusnounUS /kəˈlʌmbəs/

the state capital of Ohio; located in the center of the state; site of Ohio State University

From this reading To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?

destituteadjectiveUS /ˈdestətuːt/

poor enough to need help from others

From this reading When the soldiers were destitute of clothing, or sick, or in prison, from whence did relief come?

devotedadjectiveUS /dɪˈvoʊtɪd/

zealous in devotion or affection

From this reading Were they devoted exclusively to the duties and enjoyments of the fireside?

Didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Did they bring "discredit" on their sex by mingling in politics?

discoverernounUS /dɪˈskʌvərər/

someone who is the first to think of or make something

From this reading To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?

discoverynounUS /dɪˈskʌvəri/

the act of discovering something

From this reading To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?

discreditverbUS /dɪˈskredət/

cause to be distrusted or disbelieved

From this reading Did they bring "discredit" on their sex by mingling in politics?

dutiesnounUS /ˈduːtiz/

plural of “duty” — the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading Were they devoted exclusively to the duties and enjoyments of the fireside?

ElizabethnounUS /ɪˈlɪzəbəθ/

daughter of George VI who became the Queen of England and Northern Ireland in 1952 on the death of her father (1926-)

From this reading To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?

enjoymentsnounUS /enˈdʒɔɪmənts/

plural of “enjoyment” — the pleasure felt when having a good time

From this reading Were they devoted exclusively to the duties and enjoyments of the fireside?

exclusivelyadverbUS /ɪkˈskluːsɪvli/

without any others being included or involved

From this reading Were they devoted exclusively to the duties and enjoyments of the fireside?

firesidenounUS /ˈfaɪərsaɪd/

an area near a fireplace (usually paved and extending out into a room)

From this reading Were they devoted exclusively to the duties and enjoyments of the fireside?

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading When the soldiers were destitute of clothing, or sick, or in prison, from whence did relief come?

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?

hemispherenounUS /ˈhemɪsfɪr/

half of the terrestrial globe

From this reading To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?

illustriousadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈlʌstriəs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Did they bring "discredit" on their sex by mingling in politics?

IsabellanounUS /ˌɪzəˈbelə/

the queen of Castile whose marriage to Ferdinand of Aragon in 1469 marked the beginning of the modern state of Spain; they instituted the Spanish Inquisition in 1478 and sponsored the voyages of Christopher Columbus in 1492 (1451-1504)

From this reading To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?

lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?

minglingnounUS /ˈmɪŋɡəlɪŋ/

the action of people mingling and coming into contact

From this reading Did they bring "discredit" on their sex by mingling in politics?

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?

namesnounUS /neɪmz/

verbal abuse; a crude substitute for argument

From this reading To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Did they bring "discredit" on their sex by mingling in politics?

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading When the soldiers were destitute of clothing, or sick, or in prison, from whence did relief come?

patronessnounUS /ˈpeɪtrənəs/

a woman who is a patron or the wife of a patron

From this reading To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?

politicsnounUS /ˈpɑːlətɪks/

social relations involving intrigue to gain authority or power

From this reading Did they bring "discredit" on their sex by mingling in politics?

prisonnounUS /ˈprɪzən/

a correctional institution where persons are confined while on trial or for punishment

From this reading When the soldiers were destitute of clothing, or sick, or in prison, from whence did relief come?

queennounUS /kwiːn/

the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs

From this reading To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?

reliefnounUS /rɪˈliːf/

the feeling that comes when something burdensome is removed or reduced

From this reading When the soldiers were destitute of clothing, or sick, or in prison, from whence did relief come?

RevolutionnounUS /ˌrevəˈluːʃən/

a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving

From this reading And what were the women of the United States in the struggle of the Revolution?

sexnounUS /seks/

activities associated with sexual intercourse

From this reading Did they bring "discredit" on their sex by mingling in politics?

sickadjectiveUS /sɪk/

affected by an impairment of normal physical or mental function

From this reading When the soldiers were destitute of clothing, or sick, or in prison, from whence did relief come?

soldiersnounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading When the soldiers were destitute of clothing, or sick, or in prison, from whence did relief come?

StatesnounUS /steɪts/

plural of “state” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading And what were the women of the United States in the struggle of the Revolution?

struggleverbUS /ˈstrʌɡəl/

make a strenuous or labored effort

From this reading And what were the women of the United States in the struggle of the Revolution?

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Did they bring "discredit" on their sex by mingling in politics?

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Did they bring "discredit" on their sex by mingling in politics?

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?

UnitedadjectiveUS /juːˈnaɪtɪd/

characterized by unity; being or joined into a single entity

From this reading And what were the women of the United States in the struggle of the Revolution?

virtualadjectiveUS /ˈvɜːrtʃuːəl/

being actually such in almost every respect

From this reading To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading And what were the women of the United States in the struggle of the Revolution?

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When the soldiers were destitute of clothing, or sick, or in prison, from whence did relief come?

whenceadverbUS /wens/

an old word meaning “from where”

From this reading When the soldiers were destitute of clothing, or sick, or in prison, from whence did relief come?

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading And what were the women of the United States in the struggle of the Revolution?

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading To come to a later period, what names are more illustrious than that of Elizabeth, the great British queen, and that of Isabella of Castile, the patroness of Columbus, the virtual discoverer of this hemisphere, for without her that discovery would not have been made?

Chapter 8 of The American Union Speaker by John D. (John Dudley) Philbrick holds 384 sentences, grouped into 77 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of The American Union Speaker contain?

Chapter 8 holds 384 sentences of The American Union Speaker, unabridged, divided into 77 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of The American Union Speaker by John D. (John Dudley) Philbrick exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 384 sentences, grouped into 77 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of The American Union Speaker?

Work through the 77 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 77 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The American Union Speaker

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Is this the complete text of The American Union Speaker?

Yes. All 10077 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #7211 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The American Union Speaker is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #7211, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The American Union Speaker take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2016 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in The American Union Speaker

Words and structures a reader meets early in The American Union Speaker, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

District
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The American Union Speaker; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Court
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The American Union Speaker; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Massachusetts
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The American Union Speaker; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Houghton
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The American Union Speaker; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.