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The Ancient Law
The Ancient Law

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of The Ancient Law is here in full — 126 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/25 · 5 lines
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THE RETURN TO TAPPAHANNOCK At sunrise he came out of the barn, and washed his face and hands at the well, where he found a coarse towel on the moss-covered trough.
The day was breaking clear, but in the fine golden light the house and lawn appeared even more desolate than they had done under the full moon.
Before the war the place had been probably a comfortable, unpretentious country mansion.
Some simple dignity still attached to its bowers of ivy and its ancient cedars, but it was easy to imagine that for thirty years no shingle had been added to its crumbling roof, and hardly a ship gathered from the littered walk before the door.
At the end of the avenue six great trees had fallen a sacrifice, he saw now, to the mere lust for timber--for freshly cut and still odorous with sap, the huge trunks lay directly across the approach over which they had presided through the tragic history of the house.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

The Ancient Law

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of The Ancient Law is here in full — 126 sentences across 26 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/25 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE RETURN TO TAPPAHANNOCK At sunrise he came out of the barn, and washed his face and hands at the well, where he found a coarse towel on the moss-covered trough.
Line 2
The day was breaking clear, but in the fine golden light the house and lawn appeared even more desolate than they had done under the full moon.
/ðə deɪ wɑːz ˈbreɪkɪŋ klɪr bʌt ɪn ðə faɪn ˈɡoʊldən laɪt ðə haʊs ənd lɔːn əˈpɪrd ˈiːvɪn mɔːr ˈdesələt ðæn ðeɪ hæd dʌn ˈʌndər ðə fʊl muːn/
Line 3
Before the war the place had been probably a comfortable, unpretentious country mansion.
/bɪˈfɔːr ðə wɔːr ðə pleɪs hæd bɪn ˈprɑːbəbliː ə ˈkʌmfərtəbəl ˌʌnpriˈtenʃəs ˈkʌntri ˈmænʃən/
Line 4
Some simple dignity still attached to its bowers of ivy and its ancient cedars, but it was easy to imagine that for thirty years no shingle had been added to its crumbling roof, and hardly a ship gathered from the littered walk before the door.
/sʌm ˈsɪmpəl ˈdɪɡnəti stɪl əˈtætʃt tuː ɪts ˈbaʊərz ʌv ˈaɪvi ənd ɪts ˈeɪn.ʃənt ˈsiːdərz bʌt ɪt wɑːz ˈiːzi tuː ˌɪˈmædʒən ðæt fɔːr ˈθɜːrdiː jɪrz noʊ ˈʃɪŋɡəl hæd bɪn ˈædəd tuː ɪts ˈkrʌmbəlɪŋ ruːf ənd ˈhɑːrdli ə ʃɪp ˈɡæðərd frʌm ðə ˈlɪtərd wɔːk bɪˈfɔːr ðə dɔːr/
Line 5
At the end of the avenue six great trees had fallen a sacrifice, he saw now, to the mere lust for timber--for freshly cut and still odorous with sap, the huge trunks lay directly across the approach over which they had presided through the tragic history of the house.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bowers noun US /ˈbaʊərz/

plural of “bower” — a framework that supports climbing plants

From this reading “Some simple dignity still attached to its bowers of ivy and its ancient cedars, but it was easy to imagine that for thirty years no shingle had been added to its crumbling roof, and hardly a ship gathered from the littered walk before the door.”

cedars noun US /ˈsiːdərz/

plural of “cedar” — any of numerous trees of the family Cupressaceae that resemble cedars

From this reading “Some simple dignity still attached to its bowers of ivy and its ancient cedars, but it was easy to imagine that for thirty years no shingle had been added to its crumbling roof, and hardly a ship gathered from the littered walk before the door.”

littered adjective US /ˈlɪtərd/

filled or scattered with a disorderly accumulation of objects or rubbish

From this reading “Some simple dignity still attached to its bowers of ivy and its ancient cedars, but it was easy to imagine that for thirty years no shingle had been added to its crumbling roof, and hardly a ship gathered from the littered walk before the door.”

odorous adjective US /ˈoʊdərəs/

having odor or a characteristic odor

From this reading “At the end of the avenue six great trees had fallen a sacrifice, he saw now, to the mere lust for timber--for freshly cut and still odorous with sap, the huge trunks lay directly across the approach over which they had presided through the tragic history of the house.”

presided verb US /prɪˈzaɪdɪd/

past form of “preside” — act as president

From this reading “At the end of the avenue six great trees had fallen a sacrifice, he saw now, to the mere lust for timber--for freshly cut and still odorous with sap, the huge trunks lay directly across the approach over which they had presided through the tragic history of the house.”

shingle noun US /ˈʃɪŋɡəl/

building material used as siding or roofing

From this reading “Some simple dignity still attached to its bowers of ivy and its ancient cedars, but it was easy to imagine that for thirty years no shingle had been added to its crumbling roof, and hardly a ship gathered from the littered walk before the door.”

trough noun US /trɔːf/

a narrow depression (as in the earth or between ocean waves or in the ocean bed)

From this reading “THE RETURN TO TAPPAHANNOCK At sunrise he came out of the barn, and washed his face and hands at the well, where he found a coarse towel on the moss-covered trough.”

unpretentious adjective US /ˌʌnpriˈtenʃəs/

lacking pretension or affectation

From this reading “Before the war the place had been probably a comfortable, unpretentious country mansion.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

thirty years noun + noun

In this reading “Some simple dignity still attached to its bowers of ivy and its ancient cedars, but it was easy to imagine that for thirty years no shingle had been added to its crumbling roof, and hardly a ship gathered from the littered walk before the door.”

full moon adjective + noun

the time when the Moon is fully illuminated

In this reading “The day was breaking clear, but in the fine golden light the house and lawn appeared even more desolate than they had done under the full moon.”

simple dignity adjective + noun

In this reading “Some simple dignity still attached to its bowers of ivy and its ancient cedars, but it was easy to imagine that for thirty years no shingle had been added to its crumbling roof, and hardly a ship gathered from the littered walk before the door.”

At sunrise preposition + noun

In this reading “THE RETURN TO TAPPAHANNOCK At sunrise he came out of the barn, and washed his face and hands at the well, where he found a coarse towel on the moss-covered trough.”

At the end preposition + article + noun counted as “at … end”

In this reading “At the end of the avenue six great trees had fallen a sacrifice, he saw now, to the mere lust for timber--for freshly cut and still odorous with sap, the huge trunks lay directly across the approach over which they had presided through the tragic history of the house.”

came out verb + adjective counted as “come out”

appear or become visible; make a showing

In this reading “THE RETURN TO TAPPAHANNOCK At sunrise he came out of the barn, and washed his face and hands at the well, where he found a coarse towel on the moss-covered trough.”

lay directly verb + particle

In this reading “At the end of the avenue six great trees had fallen a sacrifice, he saw now, to the mere lust for timber--for freshly cut and still odorous with sap, the huge trunks lay directly across the approach over which they had presided through the tragic history of the house.”

great trees adjective + noun counted as “great tree”

In this reading “At the end of the avenue six great trees had fallen a sacrifice, he saw now, to the mere lust for timber--for freshly cut and still odorous with sap, the huge trunks lay directly across the approach over which they had presided through the tragic history of the house.”

All words in this reading · 114

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE RETURN TO TAPPAHANNOCK At sunrise he came out of the barn, and washed his face and hands at the well, where he found a coarse towel on the moss-covered trough.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading At the end of the avenue six great trees had fallen a sacrifice, he saw now, to the mere lust for timber--for freshly cut and still odorous with sap, the huge trunks lay directly across the approach over which they had presided through the tragic history of the house.

addedverbUS /ˈædəd/

past form of “add” — make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading Some simple dignity still attached to its bowers of ivy and its ancient cedars, but it was easy to imagine that for thirty years no shingle had been added to its crumbling roof, and hardly a ship gathered from the littered walk before the door.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading Some simple dignity still attached to its bowers of ivy and its ancient cedars, but it was easy to imagine that for thirty years no shingle had been added to its crumbling roof, and hardly a ship gathered from the littered walk before the door.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE RETURN TO TAPPAHANNOCK At sunrise he came out of the barn, and washed his face and hands at the well, where he found a coarse towel on the moss-covered trough.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The day was breaking clear, but in the fine golden light the house and lawn appeared even more desolate than they had done under the full moon.

approachverbUS /əˈproʊtʃ/

move towards

From this reading At the end of the avenue six great trees had fallen a sacrifice, he saw now, to the mere lust for timber--for freshly cut and still odorous with sap, the huge trunks lay directly across the approach over which they had presided through the tragic history of the house.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading THE RETURN TO TAPPAHANNOCK At sunrise he came out of the barn, and washed his face and hands at the well, where he found a coarse towel on the moss-covered trough.

attachedadjectiveUS /əˈtætʃt/

being joined in close association

From this reading Some simple dignity still attached to its bowers of ivy and its ancient cedars, but it was easy to imagine that for thirty years no shingle had been added to its crumbling roof, and hardly a ship gathered from the littered walk before the door.

avenuenounUS /ˈævənuː/

a line of approach

From this reading At the end of the avenue six great trees had fallen a sacrifice, he saw now, to the mere lust for timber--for freshly cut and still odorous with sap, the huge trunks lay directly across the approach over which they had presided through the tragic history of the house.

barnnounUS /bɑːrn/

an outlying farm building for storing grain or animal feed and housing farm animals

From this reading THE RETURN TO TAPPAHANNOCK At sunrise he came out of the barn, and washed his face and hands at the well, where he found a coarse towel on the moss-covered trough.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Before the war the place had been probably a comfortable, unpretentious country mansion.

BeforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Before the war the place had been probably a comfortable, unpretentious country mansion.

bowersnounUS /ˈbaʊərz/

plural of “bower” — a framework that supports climbing plants

From this reading Some simple dignity still attached to its bowers of ivy and its ancient cedars, but it was easy to imagine that for thirty years no shingle had been added to its crumbling roof, and hardly a ship gathered from the littered walk before the door.

breakingnounUS /ˈbreɪkɪŋ/

the act of breaking something

From this reading The day was breaking clear, but in the fine golden light the house and lawn appeared even more desolate than they had done under the full moon.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The day was breaking clear, but in the fine golden light the house and lawn appeared even more desolate than they had done under the full moon.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading THE RETURN TO TAPPAHANNOCK At sunrise he came out of the barn, and washed his face and hands at the well, where he found a coarse towel on the moss-covered trough.

cedarsnounUS /ˈsiːdərz/

plural of “cedar” — any of numerous trees of the family Cupressaceae that resemble cedars

From this reading Some simple dignity still attached to its bowers of ivy and its ancient cedars, but it was easy to imagine that for thirty years no shingle had been added to its crumbling roof, and hardly a ship gathered from the littered walk before the door.

clearverbUS /klɪr/

rid of obstructions

From this reading The day was breaking clear, but in the fine golden light the house and lawn appeared even more desolate than they had done under the full moon.

coarseadjectiveUS /kɔːrs/

of textures that are rough to the touch or substances consisting of relatively large particles

From this reading THE RETURN TO TAPPAHANNOCK At sunrise he came out of the barn, and washed his face and hands at the well, where he found a coarse towel on the moss-covered trough.

comfortableadjectiveUS /ˈkʌmfərtəbəl/

providing or experiencing physical well-being or relief (“comfy” is informal)

From this reading Before the war the place had been probably a comfortable, unpretentious country mansion.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Before the war the place had been probably a comfortable, unpretentious country mansion.

crumblingverbUS /ˈkrʌmbəlɪŋ/

-ing form of “crumble” — fall apart

From this reading Some simple dignity still attached to its bowers of ivy and its ancient cedars, but it was easy to imagine that for thirty years no shingle had been added to its crumbling roof, and hardly a ship gathered from the littered walk before the door.

cutverbUS /kʌt/

separate with or as if with an instrument

From this reading At the end of the avenue six great trees had fallen a sacrifice, he saw now, to the mere lust for timber--for freshly cut and still odorous with sap, the huge trunks lay directly across the approach over which they had presided through the tragic history of the house.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The day was breaking clear, but in the fine golden light the house and lawn appeared even more desolate than they had done under the full moon.

desolateadjectiveUS /ˈdesələt/

providing no shelter or sustenance

From this reading The day was breaking clear, but in the fine golden light the house and lawn appeared even more desolate than they had done under the full moon.

dignitynounUS /ˈdɪɡnəti/

the quality of being worthy of esteem or respect

From this reading Some simple dignity still attached to its bowers of ivy and its ancient cedars, but it was easy to imagine that for thirty years no shingle had been added to its crumbling roof, and hardly a ship gathered from the littered walk before the door.

directlyadverbUS /dərˈektli/

without deviation

From this reading At the end of the avenue six great trees had fallen a sacrifice, he saw now, to the mere lust for timber--for freshly cut and still odorous with sap, the huge trunks lay directly across the approach over which they had presided through the tragic history of the house.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading The day was breaking clear, but in the fine golden light the house and lawn appeared even more desolate than they had done under the full moon.

doornounUS /dɔːr/

a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading Some simple dignity still attached to its bowers of ivy and its ancient cedars, but it was easy to imagine that for thirty years no shingle had been added to its crumbling roof, and hardly a ship gathered from the littered walk before the door.

easyadjectiveUS /ˈiːzi/

posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading Some simple dignity still attached to its bowers of ivy and its ancient cedars, but it was easy to imagine that for thirty years no shingle had been added to its crumbling roof, and hardly a ship gathered from the littered walk before the door.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading At the end of the avenue six great trees had fallen a sacrifice, he saw now, to the mere lust for timber--for freshly cut and still odorous with sap, the huge trunks lay directly across the approach over which they had presided through the tragic history of the house.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading The day was breaking clear, but in the fine golden light the house and lawn appeared even more desolate than they had done under the full moon.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading THE RETURN TO TAPPAHANNOCK At sunrise he came out of the barn, and washed his face and hands at the well, where he found a coarse towel on the moss-covered trough.

fallenadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlən/

having dropped by the force of gravity

From this reading At the end of the avenue six great trees had fallen a sacrifice, he saw now, to the mere lust for timber--for freshly cut and still odorous with sap, the huge trunks lay directly across the approach over which they had presided through the tragic history of the house.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading The day was breaking clear, but in the fine golden light the house and lawn appeared even more desolate than they had done under the full moon.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Some simple dignity still attached to its bowers of ivy and its ancient cedars, but it was easy to imagine that for thirty years no shingle had been added to its crumbling roof, and hardly a ship gathered from the littered walk before the door.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading THE RETURN TO TAPPAHANNOCK At sunrise he came out of the barn, and washed his face and hands at the well, where he found a coarse towel on the moss-covered trough.

freshlyadverbUS /ˈfreʃli/

very recently

From this reading At the end of the avenue six great trees had fallen a sacrifice, he saw now, to the mere lust for timber--for freshly cut and still odorous with sap, the huge trunks lay directly across the approach over which they had presided through the tragic history of the house.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Some simple dignity still attached to its bowers of ivy and its ancient cedars, but it was easy to imagine that for thirty years no shingle had been added to its crumbling roof, and hardly a ship gathered from the littered walk before the door.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading The day was breaking clear, but in the fine golden light the house and lawn appeared even more desolate than they had done under the full moon.

gatheredadjectiveUS /ˈɡæðərd/

brought together in one place

From this reading Some simple dignity still attached to its bowers of ivy and its ancient cedars, but it was easy to imagine that for thirty years no shingle had been added to its crumbling roof, and hardly a ship gathered from the littered walk before the door.

goldenadjectiveUS /ˈɡoʊldən/

having the deep slightly brownish color of gold

From this reading The day was breaking clear, but in the fine golden light the house and lawn appeared even more desolate than they had done under the full moon.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading At the end of the avenue six great trees had fallen a sacrifice, he saw now, to the mere lust for timber--for freshly cut and still odorous with sap, the huge trunks lay directly across the approach over which they had presided through the tragic history of the house.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The day was breaking clear, but in the fine golden light the house and lawn appeared even more desolate than they had done under the full moon.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading THE RETURN TO TAPPAHANNOCK At sunrise he came out of the barn, and washed his face and hands at the well, where he found a coarse towel on the moss-covered trough.

hardlyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdli/

only a very short time before

From this reading Some simple dignity still attached to its bowers of ivy and its ancient cedars, but it was easy to imagine that for thirty years no shingle had been added to its crumbling roof, and hardly a ship gathered from the littered walk before the door.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading THE RETURN TO TAPPAHANNOCK At sunrise he came out of the barn, and washed his face and hands at the well, where he found a coarse towel on the moss-covered trough.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading THE RETURN TO TAPPAHANNOCK At sunrise he came out of the barn, and washed his face and hands at the well, where he found a coarse towel on the moss-covered trough.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading At the end of the avenue six great trees had fallen a sacrifice, he saw now, to the mere lust for timber--for freshly cut and still odorous with sap, the huge trunks lay directly across the approach over which they had presided through the tragic history of the house.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading The day was breaking clear, but in the fine golden light the house and lawn appeared even more desolate than they had done under the full moon.

hugeadjectiveUS /hjuːdʒ/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading At the end of the avenue six great trees had fallen a sacrifice, he saw now, to the mere lust for timber--for freshly cut and still odorous with sap, the huge trunks lay directly across the approach over which they had presided through the tragic history of the house.

imagineverbUS /ˌɪˈmædʒən/

form a mental image of something that is not present or that is not the case

From this reading Some simple dignity still attached to its bowers of ivy and its ancient cedars, but it was easy to imagine that for thirty years no shingle had been added to its crumbling roof, and hardly a ship gathered from the littered walk before the door.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The day was breaking clear, but in the fine golden light the house and lawn appeared even more desolate than they had done under the full moon.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Some simple dignity still attached to its bowers of ivy and its ancient cedars, but it was easy to imagine that for thirty years no shingle had been added to its crumbling roof, and hardly a ship gathered from the littered walk before the door.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Some simple dignity still attached to its bowers of ivy and its ancient cedars, but it was easy to imagine that for thirty years no shingle had been added to its crumbling roof, and hardly a ship gathered from the littered walk before the door.

ivynounUS /ˈaɪvi/

Old World vine with lobed evergreen leaves and black berrylike fruits

From this reading Some simple dignity still attached to its bowers of ivy and its ancient cedars, but it was easy to imagine that for thirty years no shingle had been added to its crumbling roof, and hardly a ship gathered from the littered walk before the door.

lawnnounUS /lɔːn/

a field of cultivated and mowed grass

From this reading The day was breaking clear, but in the fine golden light the house and lawn appeared even more desolate than they had done under the full moon.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading At the end of the avenue six great trees had fallen a sacrifice, he saw now, to the mere lust for timber--for freshly cut and still odorous with sap, the huge trunks lay directly across the approach over which they had presided through the tragic history of the house.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading The day was breaking clear, but in the fine golden light the house and lawn appeared even more desolate than they had done under the full moon.

litteredadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtərd/

filled or scattered with a disorderly accumulation of objects or rubbish

From this reading Some simple dignity still attached to its bowers of ivy and its ancient cedars, but it was easy to imagine that for thirty years no shingle had been added to its crumbling roof, and hardly a ship gathered from the littered walk before the door.

lustnounUS /lʌst/

a strong sexual desire

From this reading At the end of the avenue six great trees had fallen a sacrifice, he saw now, to the mere lust for timber--for freshly cut and still odorous with sap, the huge trunks lay directly across the approach over which they had presided through the tragic history of the house.

mansionnounUS /ˈmænʃən/

(astrology) one of 12 equal areas into which the zodiac is divided

From this reading Before the war the place had been probably a comfortable, unpretentious country mansion.

mereadjectiveUS /mɪr/

being nothing more than specified

From this reading At the end of the avenue six great trees had fallen a sacrifice, he saw now, to the mere lust for timber--for freshly cut and still odorous with sap, the huge trunks lay directly across the approach over which they had presided through the tragic history of the house.

moonnounUS /muːn/

the natural satellite of the Earth

From this reading The day was breaking clear, but in the fine golden light the house and lawn appeared even more desolate than they had done under the full moon.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The day was breaking clear, but in the fine golden light the house and lawn appeared even more desolate than they had done under the full moon.

moss-covered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE RETURN TO TAPPAHANNOCK At sunrise he came out of the barn, and washed his face and hands at the well, where he found a coarse towel on the moss-covered trough.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Some simple dignity still attached to its bowers of ivy and its ancient cedars, but it was easy to imagine that for thirty years no shingle had been added to its crumbling roof, and hardly a ship gathered from the littered walk before the door.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading At the end of the avenue six great trees had fallen a sacrifice, he saw now, to the mere lust for timber--for freshly cut and still odorous with sap, the huge trunks lay directly across the approach over which they had presided through the tragic history of the house.

odorousadjectiveUS /ˈoʊdərəs/

having odor or a characteristic odor

From this reading At the end of the avenue six great trees had fallen a sacrifice, he saw now, to the mere lust for timber--for freshly cut and still odorous with sap, the huge trunks lay directly across the approach over which they had presided through the tragic history of the house.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE RETURN TO TAPPAHANNOCK At sunrise he came out of the barn, and washed his face and hands at the well, where he found a coarse towel on the moss-covered trough.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading THE RETURN TO TAPPAHANNOCK At sunrise he came out of the barn, and washed his face and hands at the well, where he found a coarse towel on the moss-covered trough.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading THE RETURN TO TAPPAHANNOCK At sunrise he came out of the barn, and washed his face and hands at the well, where he found a coarse towel on the moss-covered trough.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading At the end of the avenue six great trees had fallen a sacrifice, he saw now, to the mere lust for timber--for freshly cut and still odorous with sap, the huge trunks lay directly across the approach over which they had presided through the tragic history of the house.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Before the war the place had been probably a comfortable, unpretentious country mansion.

presidedverbUS /prɪˈzaɪdɪd/

past form of “preside” — act as president

From this reading At the end of the avenue six great trees had fallen a sacrifice, he saw now, to the mere lust for timber--for freshly cut and still odorous with sap, the huge trunks lay directly across the approach over which they had presided through the tragic history of the house.

probablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading Before the war the place had been probably a comfortable, unpretentious country mansion.

RETURNverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading THE RETURN TO TAPPAHANNOCK At sunrise he came out of the barn, and washed his face and hands at the well, where he found a coarse towel on the moss-covered trough.

roofnounUS /ruːf/

a protective covering that covers or forms the top of a building

From this reading Some simple dignity still attached to its bowers of ivy and its ancient cedars, but it was easy to imagine that for thirty years no shingle had been added to its crumbling roof, and hardly a ship gathered from the littered walk before the door.

sacrificenounUS /ˈsækrəfaɪs/

the act of losing or surrendering something as a penalty for a mistake or fault or failure to perform etc.

From this reading At the end of the avenue six great trees had fallen a sacrifice, he saw now, to the mere lust for timber--for freshly cut and still odorous with sap, the huge trunks lay directly across the approach over which they had presided through the tragic history of the house.

sapverbUS /sæp/

deplete

From this reading At the end of the avenue six great trees had fallen a sacrifice, he saw now, to the mere lust for timber--for freshly cut and still odorous with sap, the huge trunks lay directly across the approach over which they had presided through the tragic history of the house.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading At the end of the avenue six great trees had fallen a sacrifice, he saw now, to the mere lust for timber--for freshly cut and still odorous with sap, the huge trunks lay directly across the approach over which they had presided through the tragic history of the house.

shinglenounUS /ˈʃɪŋɡəl/

building material used as siding or roofing

From this reading Some simple dignity still attached to its bowers of ivy and its ancient cedars, but it was easy to imagine that for thirty years no shingle had been added to its crumbling roof, and hardly a ship gathered from the littered walk before the door.

shipverbUS /ʃɪp/

transport commercially

From this reading Some simple dignity still attached to its bowers of ivy and its ancient cedars, but it was easy to imagine that for thirty years no shingle had been added to its crumbling roof, and hardly a ship gathered from the littered walk before the door.

simpleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪmpəl/

having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading Some simple dignity still attached to its bowers of ivy and its ancient cedars, but it was easy to imagine that for thirty years no shingle had been added to its crumbling roof, and hardly a ship gathered from the littered walk before the door.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading At the end of the avenue six great trees had fallen a sacrifice, he saw now, to the mere lust for timber--for freshly cut and still odorous with sap, the huge trunks lay directly across the approach over which they had presided through the tragic history of the house.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Some simple dignity still attached to its bowers of ivy and its ancient cedars, but it was easy to imagine that for thirty years no shingle had been added to its crumbling roof, and hardly a ship gathered from the littered walk before the door.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Some simple dignity still attached to its bowers of ivy and its ancient cedars, but it was easy to imagine that for thirty years no shingle had been added to its crumbling roof, and hardly a ship gathered from the littered walk before the door.

sunrisenounUS /ˈsʌnraɪz/

the first light of day

From this reading THE RETURN TO TAPPAHANNOCK At sunrise he came out of the barn, and washed his face and hands at the well, where he found a coarse towel on the moss-covered trough.

TAPPAHANNOCK

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE RETURN TO TAPPAHANNOCK At sunrise he came out of the barn, and washed his face and hands at the well, where he found a coarse towel on the moss-covered trough.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The day was breaking clear, but in the fine golden light the house and lawn appeared even more desolate than they had done under the full moon.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Some simple dignity still attached to its bowers of ivy and its ancient cedars, but it was easy to imagine that for thirty years no shingle had been added to its crumbling roof, and hardly a ship gathered from the littered walk before the door.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE RETURN TO TAPPAHANNOCK At sunrise he came out of the barn, and washed his face and hands at the well, where he found a coarse towel on the moss-covered trough.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The day was breaking clear, but in the fine golden light the house and lawn appeared even more desolate than they had done under the full moon.

thirtynounUS /ˈθɜːrdiː/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and three

From this reading Some simple dignity still attached to its bowers of ivy and its ancient cedars, but it was easy to imagine that for thirty years no shingle had been added to its crumbling roof, and hardly a ship gathered from the littered walk before the door.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading At the end of the avenue six great trees had fallen a sacrifice, he saw now, to the mere lust for timber--for freshly cut and still odorous with sap, the huge trunks lay directly across the approach over which they had presided through the tragic history of the house.

timbernounUS /ˈtɪmbər/

the wood of trees cut and prepared for use as building material

From this reading At the end of the avenue six great trees had fallen a sacrifice, he saw now, to the mere lust for timber--for freshly cut and still odorous with sap, the huge trunks lay directly across the approach over which they had presided through the tragic history of the house.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE RETURN TO TAPPAHANNOCK At sunrise he came out of the barn, and washed his face and hands at the well, where he found a coarse towel on the moss-covered trough.

towelnounUS /ˈtaʊəl/

a rectangular piece of absorbent cloth (or paper) for drying or wiping

From this reading THE RETURN TO TAPPAHANNOCK At sunrise he came out of the barn, and washed his face and hands at the well, where he found a coarse towel on the moss-covered trough.

tragicadjectiveUS /ˈtrædʒɪk/

very sad; especially involving grief or death or destruction

From this reading At the end of the avenue six great trees had fallen a sacrifice, he saw now, to the mere lust for timber--for freshly cut and still odorous with sap, the huge trunks lay directly across the approach over which they had presided through the tragic history of the house.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading At the end of the avenue six great trees had fallen a sacrifice, he saw now, to the mere lust for timber--for freshly cut and still odorous with sap, the huge trunks lay directly across the approach over which they had presided through the tragic history of the house.

troughnounUS /trɔːf/

a narrow depression (as in the earth or between ocean waves or in the ocean bed)

From this reading THE RETURN TO TAPPAHANNOCK At sunrise he came out of the barn, and washed his face and hands at the well, where he found a coarse towel on the moss-covered trough.

trunksnounUS /trʌŋks/

(used in the plural) trousers that end at or above the knee

From this reading At the end of the avenue six great trees had fallen a sacrifice, he saw now, to the mere lust for timber--for freshly cut and still odorous with sap, the huge trunks lay directly across the approach over which they had presided through the tragic history of the house.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading The day was breaking clear, but in the fine golden light the house and lawn appeared even more desolate than they had done under the full moon.

unpretentiousadjectiveUS /ˌʌnpriˈtenʃəs/

lacking pretension or affectation

From this reading Before the war the place had been probably a comfortable, unpretentious country mansion.

walknounUS /wɔːk/

the act of traveling by foot

From this reading Some simple dignity still attached to its bowers of ivy and its ancient cedars, but it was easy to imagine that for thirty years no shingle had been added to its crumbling roof, and hardly a ship gathered from the littered walk before the door.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading Before the war the place had been probably a comfortable, unpretentious country mansion.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The day was breaking clear, but in the fine golden light the house and lawn appeared even more desolate than they had done under the full moon.

washedadjectiveUS /wɑːʃt/

clean by virtue of having been washed in water

From this reading THE RETURN TO TAPPAHANNOCK At sunrise he came out of the barn, and washed his face and hands at the well, where he found a coarse towel on the moss-covered trough.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading THE RETURN TO TAPPAHANNOCK At sunrise he came out of the barn, and washed his face and hands at the well, where he found a coarse towel on the moss-covered trough.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading THE RETURN TO TAPPAHANNOCK At sunrise he came out of the barn, and washed his face and hands at the well, where he found a coarse towel on the moss-covered trough.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading At the end of the avenue six great trees had fallen a sacrifice, he saw now, to the mere lust for timber--for freshly cut and still odorous with sap, the huge trunks lay directly across the approach over which they had presided through the tragic history of the house.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading At the end of the avenue six great trees had fallen a sacrifice, he saw now, to the mere lust for timber--for freshly cut and still odorous with sap, the huge trunks lay directly across the approach over which they had presided through the tragic history of the house.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Some simple dignity still attached to its bowers of ivy and its ancient cedars, but it was easy to imagine that for thirty years no shingle had been added to its crumbling roof, and hardly a ship gathered from the littered walk before the door.

Chapter 3 of The Ancient Law by Ellen Anderson Gholson Glasgow holds 126 sentences, grouped into 26 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of The Ancient Law contain?

Chapter 3 holds 126 sentences of The Ancient Law, unabridged, divided into 26 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of The Ancient Law by Ellen Anderson Gholson Glasgow exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 126 sentences, grouped into 26 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of The Ancient Law?

Work through the 26 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 26 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading The Ancient Law

Common questions about reading The Ancient Law by Ellen Anderson Gholson Glasgow on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of The Ancient Law?

Yes. All 5178 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #34419 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of The Ancient Law is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #34419, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does The Ancient Law take to read?

About 431 minutes of reading across 1036 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read The Ancient Law section by section

How to work through The Ancient Law section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of The Ancient Law to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in The Ancient Law

Words and structures a reader meets early in The Ancient Law, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Doubleday
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Ancient Law; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Company
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Ancient Law; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Though
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Ancient Law; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Since
A word that appears in the opening chapter of The Ancient Law; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.